Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Framework Learning Standards, World Geography (Grade 6) Grade 6 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY 1. Use map and globe skills learned in prekindergarten to grade five to interpret different kinds of projections, as well as topographic, landform, political, population, and climate maps. (G) SE/TE: M4-17, 3, 9, 26, 112, 147, 154, 158, M190- M205 SE/TE: M4-16, 9, 12, 15-16, 21, 26, 29, 31, 36, 38, 40, 45-47, 50, 53, 55-56, 59, 63, 74, 89, 118, 124, 136, 143, 151, 157, 165, 168, 171, 197, 202, 216, 219, 233, 240, M248-M263 SE/TE: M4-16, 2-6, 9, 12, 17, 21, 27, 32, 74, 102, 112, 120, 124, 127, 156, 159, 174, 180, 184, 191, 203, 211, 214 SE/TE: M4-M17, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 18, 21-22, 25, 27-30, 94, 111, 123, 134, 147, 156, 165, 210M-223M SE/TE: M4-17, 3-7, 16-22, 72-73, 86, 136, M138-153 SE/TE: M4-16, 2-6, 9, 11, 20-22, 32, 70, 94, 97, 118, 124, 127, 137, 144, 151, 156, 159, 170, 174, 196, 200M-201M, 204M, 206M-207M, 210M, 212M 2. Use geographic terms correctly, such as delta, glacier, location, settlement, region, natural resource, human resource, mountain, hill, plain, plateau, river, island, isthmus, peninsula, erosion, climate, drought, monsoon, hurricane, ocean and wind currents, tropics, rain forest, tundra, desert, continent, region, country, nation, and urbanization. (G) SE/TE: 2, 5, 11-14, 19-21, 22M, 26-28, 29-30, 110-116, 126-132, 133-138, 152-159, 160-165, 166-172, 173-177, 180-184, 134M, 168M, 175M, 213, M1, M2, M3, M12 SE/TE: 264-265 SE/TE: 3, 11, 14, 16-19, 21, 28, 72, 87, 98, 234-235 SE/TE: M1, 12-13, 15-16, 17-20, 22, 27-32, 202, 219 1
2. Use geographic terms correctly, such as delta, glacier, location, settlement, region, natural resource, human resource, mountain, hill, plain, plateau, river, island, isthmus, peninsula, erosion, climate, drought, monsoon, hurricane, ocean and wind currents, tropics, rain forest, tundra, desert, continent, region, country, nation, and urbanization. (G) 3. Interpret geographic information from a graph or chart and construct a graph or chart that conveys geographic information (e. g., about rainfall, temperature, or population size data). (G) SE/TE: 226-227, 234-235 SE/TE: 12-13, 35, 39-40, 42, 51, 71, 114, 162-163, 169, 170, 173 SE/TE: 4, 12-13, 15-21, 32, 48, 77-78, 81, 89, 91-92, 99, 100-101, 122, 168-169, 174-175, 177, 181, 216-217, 221-223 SE/TE: 112, 118, 141, 182 SE/TE: 22, 69, 79, 80, 151, 157, 165, 187, 193, 197, 202, 207, 211, 212, 233, 236, 237, 240 SE/TE: 19, 112, 120, 152, 153, 169, 180, 211 SE/TE: 19, 134, 140, 147, 153, 183, 201 SE/TE: 48, 49, 56, 64, 65, 70, 107, 118 SE/TE: 18, 77, 111, 149, 168, 174 4. Explain the difference between absolute and relative location and give examples of different ways to indicate relative location for countries or cities across the world. (G) SE/TE: M1, 72, 186 SE/TE: pp26m, 50M, 74M, 92M SE/TE: M1, 2, 32, 74, 124, 156, 184, 214 SE/TE: M1, 11-12 SE/TE: M1, 11-12, 168, 174 SE/TE: M1, 2, 11, 70, 156, 196 2
5. Identify how current world atlases are organized and the kind of information they provide for each continent and country. (G) SE/TE: 190-205 SE/TE: 248, 250, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263 SE/TE: 218-233 SE/TE: 210, 212, 214-216, 218-225 SE/TE: 16-25, 138, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 SE/TE: 200-215 6. Identify what time zones are, when and how the precise measurement of longitude was scientifically and historically determined, the function and location of the international date line, and the function of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, and give examples of differences in time in countries in different parts of the world. (G) SE/TE: M5, 19, 212 SE/TE: 74 SE/TE: M5 SE/TE: 201, 201M, M5 SE/TE: 10-12, 29, 165 7. Use the following demographic terms correctly: ethnic group, religious group, and linguistic group. (G) SE/TE: 78 SE/TE: 32, 89-90, 102, 115, 144, 145, 146, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180-181, 182, 210, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 2265, 227, 270 SE/TE: Ethnic Groups/pp.41, 49, 81, 98, 100, 119, 121, 125, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143-144, 151, 154, 179, 181-182, 186-189, 239; Religious Groups/pp. 43-44, 46, 81, 94, 100, 106-107, 110-111, 130, 140, 144, 166-168 3
7. Use the following demographic terms correctly: ethnic group, religious group, and linguistic group. (G) SE/TE: Language Groups/pp. 40-41, 44, 77M, 80, 85, 94, 98, 133, 136, 161, 167-168, 172, 209, 239-240 SE/TE: Ethnic Groups, 92-93, 101-102, 148, 182-183, 203, 232; Religious Groups, 42, 44, 93, 100-103, 150, 182, 203; Languages, 72, 86, 93, 131, 135, 177, 182, 183 SE/TE: 58, 60, 170 SE/TE: Ethnic Groups/pp.83-84, 160, 221; Religious Groups/pp. 41, 42, 48, 76, 84, 98-101, 128-133, 160-165; Language Groups/pp. 12, 49, 75, 84, 89, 98-101, 128-133, 144, 146, 150, 160-165 CIVICS AND GOVERNMENT 8. Define what a nation is and give examples of the different ways nations are formed. (C) SE/TE: 40-41, 43-49, 56-59 SE/TE: 78-86, 96-103, 112, 120-122, 130, 148, 154, 162, 184, 190, 195, 208, 230, 238 SE/TE: 57-63, 119, 140, 144-146, 171-173, 204-205, 211-212 SE/TE: 94-95, 125, 127, 138, 148, 154-160, 183-188, 192, 203-204 SE/TE: 80-81, 84, 173 SE/TE: 57-61, 119, 135, 143-145, 148-149, 154 4
9. Give examples of several well-known international organizations (e. g., the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the British Commonwealth, and the United Nations) and explain their purposes and functions. (C) SE/TE: 108, 150 SE/TE: 153-154, 205 SE/TE: 185-188 SE/TE: 83-84, 160 SE/TE: 67, 108 ECONOMICS 10. Provide examples of currencies from several countries and explain why international trade requires a system for exchanging currency between nations. (E) SE/TE: 60-61, 70, 212 SE/TE: 43-45, 57, 51-52 SE/TE: 48, 71, 72, 127-129, 147 SE/TE: 78-79 SE/TE: 67,108 11. Give examples of products that are traded among nations, and examples of barriers to trade in these or other products. (E) SE/TE: 60-70, 171-172, 171M SE/TE: 82, 92, 104, 113-114, 119, 123, 156, 186, 198, 239, 240, 246, 267 SE/TE: 27M, 43M, 44-45, 46-47, 51-52, 82-83, 137, 151 SE/TE: 48, 72, 124, 127-129, 147 SE/TE: 76-79 5
11. Give examples of products that are traded among nations, and examples of barriers to trade in these or other products. (E) 12. Define supply and demand and describe how changes in supply and demand affect prices of specific products. (E) o Supply is what producers or sellers want to sell or exchange. Demand is what consumers or buyers want to get in exchange or buy. 13. Identify the key elements of a market economy. (E) o In a market economy, the major decisions about production and distribution are made in a decentralized manner by individual households and business firms following their own self-interest. SE/TE: 65, 77, 91, 100, 122, 128-133, 160-165, 180-181, 184, 190 SE/TE: 34, 72, 150, 152, 154-157, 164, 184, 186, 201, 212-213, 230, 234-235, 238-241, 270 SE/TE: 74-75 SE/TE: 34, 72, 150, 152, 154-157, 164, 184, 186, 201, 212-213, 230, 234-235, 238-241, 270 SE/TE: 30, 69, 99-100 SE/TE: 72, 235 SE/TE: 74-75 SE/TE: 30, 100, 172, 183-184, 193, 221 14. Describe how different economic systems (traditional, command, market, mixed) try to answer the basic economic questions of what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce. (E) SE/TE: 58, 150, 152, 164, 230, 234, 270 SE/TE: 30, 69 SE/TE: 72, 124, 133-134, 139, 147, 177-179, 199-202, 204 SE/TE: 74-75 SE/TE: 30, 100, 172, 183-184, 193, 221 15. Compare the standard of living in various countries today using gross domestic product per capita as an indicator. (E) SE/TE: 81 SE/TE: 154, 184 6
15. Compare the standard of living in various countries today using gross domestic product per capita as an indicator. (E) SE/TE: 27-30, 66-72, 99-100, 115, 121, 141 SE/TE: 72, 124, 133-134, 139, 147, 177-179, 199-202, 204 SE/TE: 76-77 SE/TE: 19, 21, 26-29, 65, 77, 91, 99-104, 111, 118, 128-133, 150, 162, 169, 172, 180-181, 221-222 Reference: http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/hss/final.pdf 7