g_j«_mzdr hšh Am`moJmÀ`m Zì`m Aä`mgH«_mZwgma AZ² àízm À`m Zì`m YVuZwgma Ho cocr amzm. gmyr-gmonr Ho 'gmjar` ^mfm AZ² Aä`mgH«_mg n[anyu Ý`m`.
Published By Sau. Shobhadevi Kshirsagar K Sagar Publications Suvarna Shilpa, 444/1 Shaniwar Peth, Adjacent to Rajmachikar Flour Mill, Near Dakshinabhimukhi Maruti Temple, Pune - 411 030 : 24450125, 24455435 Fax : 91-020-24453065 Email : customer@ksagar.com, sales@ksagar.com website : www.ksagar.com K'Sagar Publications, Pune : 2013 Copy-rights reserved & registered as per the Act. Revised Fourth Edition : 2017 ISBN : 978-81-927789-9-0 Our Firms K'Sagar's House of Books, Durga Chambers 39/1, Budhwar Peth, Jogeshwari Temple Marg, Appa Balwant Chowk, Pune - 411 002 (020) 24483166 Mob : 9923906500, 8087722277 Email : hob@ksagar.com Printed at Shiva-samartha Printers Dhayari, Pune Typesetting K'Sagar Publications, Pune Cover Design K'Sagar Publications, Pune Price : 375/- n a n a n K'Sagar Book Centre, Nutan Classic, 639, Narayan Peth, Opp. N.M.V. Primary School, Appa Balwant Chowk, Pune - 411 030. (020) 24453065 Mob : 9823121395, 9545567862/63 Email : kbc@ksagar.com Due care has been taken to ensure that the information provided in this book is correct. However, the authors and the publishers bear no responsibility for any damage resulting from any inadvertent omission or inaccuracy in the book.
nmm dfmªnydu amá`godm _w»` narjomm Aä`mgH«_ ~Xccocm. nyduà`m àë`oh s XmoZeo JwUm À`m gm_mý` AÜ``ZmÀ`m XmoZ nong EodOr àë`oh s XrSeo JwUm Mo Mma nong AmVm Amnë`m dmqçmcm Amcoco. àñvwvmm g X^ gm_mý` AÜ``ZmÀ`m _mzd g gmyz {dh mg Am{U _mzdr hšh `m {Vgè`m nona_yrc _mzdr hšh `m Cn{df`mÀ`m Aä`mgH«_mZwgma amzm Ho cocm. AWm V, Ago Agco Var _mzd g gmyz `m Xþgè`m Cn{df`mMmhr Amdí`H VoWo AZwf JmZo `Wm`mo½` nam_e KoVcocm. Iao Va, àh mezmzo àm. ìhr. ~r. nmqrcûmam {c{iv d Ho 'gmjaûmam g ñh [av _mzdr hšh VÛVM Ho 'gmja d àm. ìhr. ~r. nmqrcûmam {c{iv _mzd g gmyz {dh mg ho `m {df`m darc g X^ `mnydum àh m{ev Ho coco. {df` g_oê`mà`m X îqrzo ho XmoÝhr g X^ {dúm{w {_Ìm Zm ^mdcoco d Cn`wŠV {gõ Pmcoco. Am`moJmMo ~XcVo d ì`mnh n[aàoú` cjmv KoVm `m XmoÝhr {df`m da nyduà`m g X^mªZm g_m Va Ago AmUIr XmoZ g X^ J«W gmh mamdov Aer EH H ënzm nwto Amcocr. Ë`m n H s _mzdr hšh `m Cn{df`mdarc g X^ gmh maê`mmr O~m~Xmar ìhr~tzr Añ_m{XH m da QmH cocr, Va _mzd g gmyz {df`mdarc g_m Va g X^ gmh maê`mmr O~m~Xmar Añ_m{XH m Zr ìhr~tda gmon{dcocr. `m XmoZ g H ënzm n H s EH g H ënzm AmO dmñvdmmo ê n ë`mcocr. Ë`mVyZM AmO g_j«_mzdr hšh hm OmñVrV OmñV n[anyu J«W Amnë`m hmvr gmon{dcocm. `m g X^m Mr amzm H avmzm Am`moJmÀ`m ~XcË`m àízm À`m YVuMm gyú_m{vgyú_ Aä`mg Ho cocm. Ë`mgmRr Añ_m{XH m Mm Joë`m Vrg-nñVrg dfmªmm `m joìmvrc coizmzw^d Cn`moJr nscocm. àñvwvmm g X^ gmh mavmzm Añ_m{XH m Zr g ñh [av Ho coë`m AZ² ìhr~tzr {c{hcoë`m _mzdr hšh `m g X^m Mm _wšv AmYma KoVcocm. Ed_² `m g X^m À`m OSU-KSUrVhr ìhr~tmm hmv^ma cmjcocm. Ë`mgmRr ìhr~tm G U _mý` H au AJË`mM. AmncmM, ìhr. Eg. jragmja (K'Sagar)
ÿþýüû ùø ü ö 1 _mzdr hšh 11 n hšh åhuoo H m`? n hšh m Mo ñdê n d d {eîqço n hšh m Mo djuh au n hšh m Mr Amdí`H Vm n Am VaamîQ r` _mzdr hšh _mzh n H mhr _hîdmà`m g{_ë`m n _mzdr hšh m Mo _hîd n J[a~r n {ZajaVm n ~oh mar n gm_m{oh -gm ñh {VH -Ym{_ H àwm n qhgmmma n ^«îqmmma n XheVdmX n H m_jmam Mo emofu n g a{jv JwÝhoJmar n amá`kqzovrc _yc^yv hšh m Mo aju n Ý`m`mc`m Mr _hîdnyu ^y{_h m n àgma_mü`_m Mr ^y{_h m n cmoh emhr ì`dñwomo `mojxmz n _mzdr hšh g aju H m`xm, 1993 n amîq r` _mzdr hšh Am`moJ n amîq r` _mzdr hšh Am`moJmMo A{YH ma d H m`} n amá` _mzdr hšh Am`moJ n _mzdr hšh Ý`m`mc`o n _m{hvrmm A{YH ma n _m{hvr Am`moJ n ho cjmv Rodm! n OmJ{VH sh au n OmJ{VH sh aumcm MmcZm XoUmao KQH n OmJ{VH sh au Am{U ^mav n ^mavr` AW ì`dñwovrc _hîdmmo ~Xc n OmJ{VH sh aummo ^mavmdarc n[aum_ n OmJ{VH sh au H mhr {ZarjUo n _mzd {dh mg {ZX}em H n qcj Ag_mZVm {ZX}em H n ~mc_ Ë`yMo à_mu n à_wi amá`o d _mzd {dh mgmmo {ZX}eH n ñìr-nwéf à_mu n dñvw{zîr àíz 2 ~mc{dh mg 118 n Or{Zìhm KmofUmnÌ n ^mavmvrc ~mch ë`mu n ~mch m gmrr amîq r` YmoaU n ~mch m gmrrmo amîq r` YmoaU, 2013 n Hw nmofu n ~mc_owar n ~mc_owam Mo à_mu n ^mavmvrc ~mc_owarmo ñdê n n ~mc_owarcm à{v~ Y n c {JH AnamYm nmgyz g aju n chmz _wcm À`m {ejummr g_ñ`m n {eju àgmammo à`ëz n _wctmo {eju n EH mpë_h ~mc{dh mg godm `moozm n nyah nmofu Amhma H m` H«_ n amord Jm Yr {H emoad`rz _wctmo gj_rh au (g~cm) n B {Xam Jm Yr _mv Ëd gh`moj `moozm n {deof Amhma H m` H«_ n àozz Am{U ~mcamamo½` H m` H«_ n amord Jm Yr amîq r` ~mcg JmonZ H Ð `moozm
n gwh Ý`m `moozm n ~oqr ~Mmd, ~oqr ntmd n gwh Ý`m g_ Õr ImVo n ~mc{dh mgmà`m AmUIr H mhr `moozm n n[a{eîq n dñvw{zîr àíz 3 _{hcm {dh mg 155 n g `wšv amîq o Am{U _{hcm Mo hšh n c {JH Ag_mZVm n `wzm`qos ZoeÝg {d_oz n hþ SçmgmRr Ni n H m Qw {~H AË`mMma n ~mc{ddmh n ñìr-nwéf à_mumvrc Ag_Vmoc n ~m{ch mhë`m n ñìr-^«yuhë`m n {dz`^ J d ~cmëh ma n ZmoH ar H aumè`m pñì`m À`m g_ñ`m n J«m_rU g_momvrc H îqh ar pñì`m À`m g_ñ`m n amá`kqzm d _{hcm Mo hšh n _{hcm À`m g~crh aummo amîq r` YmoaU n amîq r` _{hcmam`moj n _hmamîq amá` _{hcm Am`moJ n hþ Sm à{v~ YH A{Y{Z`_, 1961 n hþ Sm à{v~ YH (XþéñVr) A{Y{Z`_, 1986 n H m Qw {~H qhgmmmamnmgyz _{hcm Mo g aju A{Y{Z`_, 2005 n JwÝhoJmar H m`xm (gwymaum) A{Y{Z`_, 2013 n H _Hw dv g_mo KQH n amá`mmo _{hcm YmoaU, 2001 n amá`mmo _{hcm YmoaU, 2014 n _{hcm Am{W H {dh mg _hm_ Si n _{hcm g~crh aumà`m `moozm n _wctà`m {ejumer {ZJ{SV `moozm n amá`mv _{hcm {damoymv KScoco JwÝho n dñvw{zîr àíz 4 `wdh {dh mg 197 n ~oh mar n {eju{df`h g_ñ`m n Ag Vmof n M JidmXr àd Îmr n ì`gzmyrzvm n ì`pšvh {ÐVVm n qghmdcmoh Z n `wdh g ~ {YV ì`dhma d H«sSm _ Ìmc` n amîq r` `wdh YmoaU, 1988 n amîq r` `wdh YmoaU-2003 n amîq r` `wdh YmoaU-2014 n ñh md Q Am{U JmB S n gmhgmcm MmcZm XoÊ`mg ~ YrMr `moozm n amîq r` `wdh _hmoëgd n amîq r` `wdh nwañh ma n amîq r` EH më_vm àmoëgmhz `moozm n amîq r` godm `moozm n amîq r` NmÌgoZm n Zohê `wdm H Ð g KQZ n amîq r` godm ñd` godh `moozm n amîq r` gx²^mdzm `moozm n amord Jm Yr amîq r` `wdh {dh mg g ñwm n `wdh hmoñqoëg n `wdh _ Sim gmrr AW gmhmæ` `moozm n {H emoam gmrr H ë`mu d {dh mg `moozm n H m _ZdoëW `wdh H m` H«_ n `wdh à{v{zyr _ Sim Mr XodmU-KodmU n g `wšv amîq m Mm ñd` godh H m` H«_ n amîq r` H«sSm YmoaU n H«sSm _ Sim Zm AW gmhmæ` n amîq r` {H«Sm {dh mg {ZYr n "`ww Qy EO' `moozm n ^mavr` H«sSm àm{yh au n H«sSm nwañh ma n dñvw{zîr àíz
5 Am{Xdmgr {dh mg 222 n ^mavmvrc Am{Xdmgr O_mVr n Am{W H g_ñ`m n gm_m{oh d gm ñh {VH g_ñ`m n Amamo½` d {ejumg ~ YrÀ`m g_ñ`m n _w»` Amamo½` {ZX}eH n KQZmË_H g aju n AZwgy{MV O_mVtgmRr amîq r` Am`moJ n AZwgy{MV O_mVr d BVa nma n[ah dz {Zdmgr (dz hšh m Mr _mý`vm), A{Y{Z`_ 2006 d {Z`_ 2008 n nogm, 1996 n ñdmv Í`nyd H mci S n H mhr à_wi CRmd n ñdmv Í`moÎma H mci S n PmaI S amá`mmr _mjur n B emý` ^mavmvrc Am{Xdmgr Midir n ~mosmo Midi n Sm J[a`m H m T Am XmocZ n Am{XdmgtMr cmoh g»`m n EHy U cmoh g»`oer à_mu n Am{Xdmgt_Yrc gmjavm n Am{XdmgtÀ`m g_ñ`m n Am{Xdmgr joì Cn`moOZm n _hmamîq amá` ghh mar Am{Xdmgr {dh mg _hm_ Si n Am{Xdmgr joìmvrc EH m{yh ma IaoXr `moozm n YmÝ`H mof `moozm n Ý`ypŠcAg ~OoQ `moozm n Zdg OrdZ `moozm n e~ar Am{Xdmgr {dîm d {dh mg _hm_ Si n Am{Xdmgr gmrr AÝ` `moozm n Am{XdmgtgmRr e j{uh gw{dym n ^mavmvrc ñd` godr g ñwm n _hmamîq mvrc ñd` godr g ñwm n dñvw{zîr àíz 6 gm_m{oh ÑîQçm d {MV KQH m Mm {dh mg 266 n ^mavmvrc emo{fv dj n AZwgy{MV OmVr n AZwgy{MV OmVtÀ`m g_ñ`m n Om{Vì`dñWoVrc n[adv Z n AZwgy{MV OmVtMr cmoh g»`m n amá`kqzovrc VaVwXr n Añn í`vm (JwÝhm) H m`xm, 1955 n ZmJar hšh g aju A{Y{Z`_, 1955 n AZwgy{MV OmVr d AZwgy{MV O_mVr (AË`mMmamg à{v~ Y) A{Y{Z`_, 1989 n àmo{h{~ez Am \ Eåßcm `_ Q A O _ Ý`yAc ñh ìh Og A ÊS XoAa [ah {~{cqoez A ŠQ, 2013 n ñd` godr g ñwm n AZwgy{MV OmVtMm {dh mg-kqzmë_h VaVwXr n AZwgy{MV OmVr gmrr amîq r` Am`moJ n g\ mb H _ Mmè`m gmrrmm amîq r` Am`moJ n H ë`muh mar H m`m Mo àemgz n e j{uh {dh mg n Am{W H {dh mg n amá`mvrc g_moh ë`mu àemgz n amá`mvrc g_moh ë`mu `moozm n {d_wšv O_mVtMo H ë`mu n {d_wšv OmVtgmRr amîq r` Am`moJ n BVa _mjmgdj n _ Sc Am`moJ n BVa _mjmgdju`m Mm e j{uh {dh mg n BVa _mjmgdju`m Mm Am{W H {dh mg n dñvw{zîr àíz 7 d Õm Mo H ë`mu 314 n d ÕËd n d Õm À`m g_ñ`m n CnMmamË_H `moozm n d Õm Mo H ë`mu d Am VaamîQ r` g KQZm n g `wšv amîq m Mr d Õ ì`švr gmrrmr VÎdo n d Õm gmrrà`m H ë`muh mar `moozm
n OoîR ZmJ[aH m gmrrmo amîq r` YmoaU, 2011 n amá`mmo OoîR ZmJ[aH YmoaU, 2013 n _hmamîq emgzmmo d Õm gmrrmo H ë`muh mar H m` H«_ n d Õml_ n d Õm Mr H mior KoUmè`m ñd` godr g ñwm n dñvw{zîr àíz 8 An J ì`švtmo H ë`mu 337 n An J ì`švr À`m g_ñ`m n g_ñ`m darc Cnm``moOZm n An J ì`švr gmrr amîq r` g ñwm n ApñWì` J An Jm gmrr í`m_màgmx _wiou amîq r` g ñwm n ZOaoZo AYy Agcoë`m gmrr amîq r` g ñwm n _mz{gh An Jm gmrr amîq r` g ñwm, {gh Xam~mX n Acr `mda O J ldu An Jm gmrr amîq r` g ñwm, _w ~B n An Jm Zm amoojmamgmrr à{eju gw{dym n An J Am{U Am VaamîQ r` g KQZm n An J H ë`mummo à`ëz n Am{W H {dh mg n AmajU n ñd` godr g KQZm À`m `mojxmzmmr JaO n dñvw{zîr àíz 9 H m_jma H ë`mu 356 n ^mavmvrc H m_jmadj n H m_jmam À`m g_ñ`m n Ag K{QV H m_jmam À`m g_ñ`m n H m_jma H ë`mu n H m_jma _ Ìmc` n H m_jma{df`h H m`xo n gz 1923 Mm H m_jmam À`m ZwH gmz^anmb Mm H m`xm n gz 1936 Mm dovz àxmz A{Y{Z`_ n Xr ~m å~o B SñQ r`c [acoeýg A ŠQ, 1946 n gz 1947 Mm Am Úmo{JH H ch H m`xm n gz 1948 Mm H maimzm{df`h H m`xm n gz 1948 Mm {H _mz dovz H m`xm n gz 1948 Mm H m_jma amá` {d_m H m`xm n gz 1952 Mm H m_jma àm pìhs Q \ S H m`xm n gz 1961 Mm àgyvr cm^ H m`xm n gz 1965 Mm ~mozg àxmz H m`xm n gz 1970 Mm H ÌmQr H m_jma ({Z`_Z d {Z_y cz) H m`xm n Xr no_ Q Am \ J«À`wBQrO² A ŠQ, 1972 n gz 1976 Mm g_mz dovz A{Y{Z`_ n gz 1976 Mm dor{~jma nõvr ({Z_y cz) H m`xm n gz 1986 Mm JmoXr H m_jma (gwa{jvvm, Amamo½` d H ë`mu) A{Y{Z`_ n gz 1986 Mm ~mc H m_jma (à{v~ Y d {Z`_Z) H m`xm n amîq r` ñdmñï` {d_m `moozm n Ag K{QV H m_jmam Mm gm_m{oh gwajm A{Y{Z`_, 2008 n n {SV XrZX`mc CnmÜ`m` l_od O`Vo H m` H«_ n ^mavmvrc H m_jma g KQZm Midi n H m_jma MidirVrc Xmof n dñvw{zîr àíz
10 Am VaamîQ r` Am{U {d^mjr` g KQZm 389 n qghmdcmoh Z n Am_g^m n gwajm g{_vr n Am{W H Am{U gm_m{oh g{_vr n {dídñv g{_vr n Am VaamîQ r` Ý`m`mc` n g{mdmc` d _hmg{md n ho Vwåhmcm _m{hv Amho H m? n Am VaamîQ r` H m_jma g KQZm n g `wšv amîq m Mm ~mc{zyr n g `wšv amîq m Mr e j{uh, d km{zh Am{U gm ñh {VH g KQZm n g `wšv amîq m Mo {Zdm {gvm H [avm CÀMm`wŠVm Mo H m`m c` n C ŠQmS n `yezsrnr n AmonoH n Am{\«H Z `w{z`z qh dm Am{\«H Z g K n `wamonr` _hmg K n A noh n Am{e`mZ n Am{e`mZ [aozc \ moa_ n X{jU Am{e`mB joìr` ghh m` g KQZm (gmh ) n AcrH Src n[afxm d _hîdmà`m ~m~r n A{cßV amîq Midi n amîq Hw c g KQZm n dñvw{zîr àíz 11 {dñwm{nvm Mo nwzd gz 423 n àmñvm{dh n {dh mg àh ën n Z g{j H AmnÎmr n _mzd{z{_ V g H Qo n ^md{zh g_ñ`m n gw{dym Mm A^md n cmc {\ VrÀ`m g_ñ`m n gm_m{oh gm ñh {VH g_ñ`m n AmnÎmr ì`dñwmnz n AmnX²J«ñVm Mo nwzd gz n AmnÎmr ì`dñwmnz CÀMm{YH ma g{_vr n amîq r` AmnÎmr ì`dñwmnz H m`xm, 2005 n amîq r` AmnÎmr ì`dñwmnz àm{yh au n amá` AmnÎmr ì`dñwmnz àm{yh au n àh ënj«ñv nwzd gz H m`xm, 1976 n àh ënj«ñv nwzd gz H m`xm, 1986 n dñvw{zîr àíz 12 J«mhH g aju 443 n AW d ì`mßvr n gz 1986 Mm J«mhH g aju H m`xm n {Oëhm \ moa_ ({Oëhm _ M) n amá` Am`moJ n amîq r` Am`moJ n H Ðr` J«mhH g aju n[afx n amá` J«mhH g aju n[afx n {Oëhm J«mhH g aju n[afx n J«mhH H ë`mu {ZYr n dñvw{zîr àíz 13 _yë`o ZrVrVÎdo 461 n {Z`_Zo qh dm à_muho n _yë`o n ZrVrVÎdo n Hw Qw ~g ñwm n Y_ n {eju n {ejummr H m`} n àgma_mü`_o n d ÎmnÌo n AmH medmur d XÿaXe Z n dñvw{zîr àíz 14 _mzdr hšh joìmvrc ñd` godr g KQZm 474 n _mzdr hšh Am{U ñd` godr g KQZm n Am VaamîQ r` ñvamdarc H mhr à_wi ñd` godr g ñwm n _mzdr hšh m er g ~ {YV ^mavmvrc ñd` godr g ñwm n _hmamîq mvrc _mzdr hšh joìmvrc ñd` godr g KQZm aoaoaoa