Research Article Comparative Study of Chemical Composition of Lantana Camara Leaf, Flower & Fruit Essential Oil Rabindra kumar singh 1*, Balendra tiwari 2, Dinesh kumar sharma 3 and Satyendra prasad singh 4 1 Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Chhittorgarh, Rajasthan, India. 2 Visiting Professor, Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Chhittorgarh, Rajasthan, India. 3 Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Chhittorgarh, Rajasthan, India. 4 Research associate, Hindustan Unilever Limited, Andheri, Mumbai, India. ABSTRACT Essential oil from leaves, flower & fruit of Lantana Camara were analyzed by GC and GCMS. It identified 52, 50 & 37 constituents respectively. Trans -β caryophyllene (17.65%, 21.80%, 21.42%), sabinene (9.11%, 14.18%, 1.13%), α -humulene (7.14%, 9.29%, 9.97%), bicyclogermacrene (5.77%, 8.49%, 2.18%) were the major components of all the oils. Keywords: Lantana Camara, Verbenaceae, Caryophyllene, essential oil. INTRODUCTION Lantana camara is an evergreen, hardy shrub that belongs to family Verbenaceae, expanding many regions of the world including India. It is a significant weed of which there are some 650 varieties in over 60 countries. The plant is spread widely over Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and North-Eastern States of India 1, 2. It grows to 2-3 meters. It has ovate leaf with small bunch of flower which is yellow or orange, pink or red in colour. Fruit is small green in color turn blue black color when ripe. The leaf extracts of Lantana camara is also useful in burn wound healing 3. Lantana leaf oil has antimicrobial, fungicidal, insecticidal and nematicidal activity 4. The oil is reported to repellent activities toward bees and mosquitoes 5. Sometimes its oil is also used for the treatment of cancers, chicken pox, measles, asthma, ulcers, swellings, eczema, and tumors due to its antibacterial, antitumeral and antihypertensive agent property 6. It is also used as unique perfumery raw material and for isolation of beta caryophyllene due to its characteristics odor and wild availability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Matured plant materials were collected from Ghaziabad (U.P, India). Leaves, flower & fruit were separately hydro distillation in Clevenger type apparatus for 4-5 hrs. The distillates collected from different batches were extracted with hexane. The oil obtained was dried over anhydrous sodium and hexane distilled off in rotary vacuum evaporator at 35 C. The yield of leaves, flower & fruit oil obtained was found to be 0.13 % (w/w), 0.20% (w/w), and 0.03% (w/w) respectively. GC-MS ANALYSIS All three Lantana oils analyzed using an Agilent 7890A series GC connected with 5975C MSD and FID connected with splitter with following parameters. OVEN - Initial temp: 70 C, Rate 2 C/min up to final temp 270 C for 20 min; INLET - Split (50:1), temp: 270 C; COLUMN - DB5-MS column (60.0m x 0.25mm x 0.25μm), carrier gas - helium; DETECTOR (FID) Temp. - 270 C; MSD transfer line temp. - 280 C; MS Acquisition mode Scan; MS Zones - MS Quad: 150 C, MS Source: 230 C. Identification of components was carried out by matching mass fragmentation pattern using NIST, Willey and Adam s mass spectral library. The identification has been carried out by GCMS and KI while quantification was done by FID. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Lantana camara oil of leaves, flower & fruit was collected after hydro distillation from above process gave 0.13, 0.20 & 0.032% yields, in which the total numbers of identified peaks were 52, 50, & 37 components representing 78.97%, 87.20% & 74.31% respectively. The identified peak comparison report given in Table 1. Vol. 1 (3) Jul-Sep 2012 www.ijpcsonline.com 895
The earlier investigation of leaf oil from India shows Trans -β -caryophyllene (9.40%), α - copaene (5.0%), β -elemene (7.3%), Germacrene D (20.5%) 7. The major component of oil from Bangladesh is Trans -β -caryophyllene (13.57%), α humulene (11.76%), Germacrene D (10.88%) 8. While the same oil from India shows α farnesene (28.8%), α phellandrene (15.0%), longifolene (10.0%), α cedrene (8.6%), Trans -β - caryophyllene (7.1%) 9. The oil from North Brazil major contents are Trans -β - caryophyllene (10.8%), α -phellandrene (16.4%), limonene (16.5%) 10. Sundufu and coworkers 11 have identified germacrene-d (15.85%), β-caryophyllene (12.35%), α- humelene (9.31%) and germecrene (6.19%) as major composition of leaves essential oil of Lantana camara in South China. In the present study we have identified sabinene (9.11%, 14.18%, 1.13%), eucalyptol (7.53%, 3.68%, 1.25%), β caryophyllene (17.65%, 21.80%, 21.42%), α humulene (7.14%, 9.29%, 9.97%), bicyclogermacrene (5.77%, 8.49%, 2.18%), germacrene D (2.35%, 5.01%, 2.19%), β elemene (2.24%, 3.82%, 0.94%) and trans nerolidol (2.14%, 0.63%, 18.85) as major constituents in Lantana camara leaf, flower & fruit oil. Chemical variations in the composition of the essential oil of Lantana camara has been also reported earlier from different region 7-11. In which Beta caryophyllene is the common component among all. Fig. 1: GC Graph of Lantana Camara leaf essential oil Vol. 1 (3) Jul-Sep 2012 www.ijpcsonline.com 896
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES ISSN: 2277 5005 Fig. 2: GC Graph of Lantana Camara flower essential oil Fig. 3: GC Graph of Lantana Camara fruit essential oil Vol. 1 (3) Jul-Sep 2012 www.ijpcsonline.com 897
Table 1: COMPARISON OF LANTANA CAMARA LEAF, FLOWER & FRUIT ESSENTIAL OIL R.T COMPONENT LEAF FLOWER FRUIT 10.46 Cis -3- hexenol 0.60 - - 10.87 Hexan-1-ol 0.29 - - 12.88 α -thujene 0.15 0.34 0.08 13.31 α -pinene 0.98 1.38 0.33 14.15 Camphene 0.44 0.56 0.11 15.14 Sabinene 9.11 14.18 1.13 15.34 1-octen-3-ol 1.64 - - 15.48 β pinene 1.44 1.01-15.64 β -myrcene 1.01 1.04-16.32 Octan-3-ol 0.08-0.14 16.83 α -phellandrene 0.14 0.29-16.97 δ -3- carene 1.48 2.16 0.54 17.39 α -terpinene 0.12 0.28 0.19 17.89 ρ -cymene 0.29 0.23-18.09 Limonene 0.99 0.61 0.29 18.19 Cis -β- ocimene 0.78 0.75-18.48 Eucalyptol 7.53 3.68 1.25 18.80 trans -β- ocimene 0.75 1.37 0.14 19.74 γ -terpinene 0.39 1.09 0.33 20.71 Cis - Sabinene hydrate 0.85 0.23 0.43 21.45 α -terpinolene 0.28 0.26 0.11 22.29 Linalool 0.56 0.19 2.96 22.75 Trans - Sabinene hydrate 0.49-0.42 22.87 Nonanal - 0.16-24.38 Cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.06 - - 26.03 Camphor 1.56 0.18 0.26 27.67 Borneol 0.49 0.18 0.84 28.09 Terpin -4- ol 1.40 0.62 1.26 29.12 α -terpineol 0.49 0.06 1.29 38.16 Bicycloelemene 0.48 0.54-38.31 α -Terpinyl acetate 0.17 - - 38.62 δ -elemene - 0.46-39.16 α -cubebene 0.02 - - 41.27 α -copaene 0.57 1.33 0.76 41.92 β -bourbonene 0.03 - - 42.16 β -elemene 2.24 3.82 0.94 43.37 isocaryophyllene 0.21 0.04-43.83 α -gurjunene - 0.04-44.67 trans -β -caryophyllene 17.65 21.80 21.42 44.83 γ -elemene 0.33-0.44 45.08 β -Copaene 0.55 1.14-46.05 Aromadendrene - 0.03-47.00 α -humulene 7.14 9.29 9.97 47.21 Alloaromadendrene 0.35 0.51 0.37 47.97 γ -muurolene 0.35 0.61 0.47 48.57 Germacrene D 2.35 5.01 2.19 49.14 β -selinene 0.11 - - 49.49 Viridiflorene - 0.13-49.61 Bicyclogermacrene 5.77 8.49 2.18 50.54 γ -cadinene 0.08 0.04-50.74 δ -cadinene 0.32 0.98 0.52 52.11 Trans - Cadina 1,4 diene - 0.03-53.28 Elemol - 0.16-53.32 trans - Nerolidol 2.14 0.63 18.85 53.63 Davanone B 1.22-1.52 54.07 Germacrene B - 0.66-55.09 Spathulinol 0.87 0.17 0.29 55.43 Caryophylene oxide 1.07 0.34 1.29 64.99 Mintsulfide 0.20 0.00-83.00 Heneicosane - 0.10-83.62 Phytol 0.36 - - Vol. 1 (3) Jul-Sep 2012 www.ijpcsonline.com 898
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