Name: Class: Date: ID: A

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Name: Class: _ Date: _ ID: A Ch 2 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a. a different number of neutrons. c. a different number of electrons. b. a different number of molecules. d. the same number of neutrons. 2. If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a a. mixture only. c. mixture called a solution. b. solution and suspension. d. mixture called a suspension. 3. Which of the following statements is true about catalysts? a. Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions. b. Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. c. All catalysts are enzymes. d. Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction. 4. A substance with a ph of 6 is called a. an acid. c. neither an acid nor a base. b. both an acid and a base. d. a base. 5. The most abundant compound in most living things is a. sodium chloride. c. water. b. carbon dioxide. d. sugar. 6. Ice floats on water because a. ice has a higher density than water. c. water expands when it freezes. b. of cohesion. d. water shrinks when it freezes. 7. Solutions that contain concentrations of H + ions lower than pure water a. are acids. c. are bases. b. are enzymes. d. have ph values below 7. 8. The three particles that make up atoms are a. protons, neutrons, and electrons. c. neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. b. protons, neutrons, and isotopes. d. positives, negatives, and electrons. 9. A monosaccharide is a a. carbohydrate. c. lipid. b. nucleic acid. d. protein. 10. Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things? a. proteins c. lipids b. carbohydrates d. nucleic acids 11. Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the a. products of the reaction. c. temperature of the reaction. b. ph of the reaction. d. speed of the reaction. 1

Name: ID: A 12. What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals? a. dissolving c. cohesion b. chemical reaction d. adhesion 13. What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started? a. cohesion energy c. adhesion energy b. activation energy d. chemical energy 14. A map of eastern North America, showing the ph of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the ph of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a ph of a. 4.40. c. 4.30. b. 4.35. d. 4.22. 15. When salt is dissolved in water, water is the a. solvent. c. solute. b. reactant. d. solution. 16. Which of the following is a form of energy that may be released during a chemical reaction? a. heat c. sound b. light d. all of the above 17. Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3. a. H 2 CO 3 c. CO 2 b. CO 2, H 2 O, and H 2 CO 3 d. CO 2 and H 2 O 18. Chemical reactions that release energy a. will always explode. c. will never explode. b. often occur spontaneously. d. will not occur. 19. If the ph of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured, a. the ph of stomach acid would be above 7, but the ph of oven cleaner would be below 7. b. both would be above 7. c. both would be below 7. d. the ph of stomach acid would be below 7, but the ph of oven cleaner would be above 7. 20. If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is a. 12. c. 1. b. 23. d. 11. 21. A covalent bond is formed as the result of a. sharing an electron pair. c. transferring electrons. b. sharing a proton pair. d. transferring protons. 22. When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is a. a product. c. neither a product nor a reactant. b. a reactant. d. both a product and a reactant. 2

Name: ID: A 23. Which term does NOT apply to sodium chloride? a. molecule c. compound b. crystal d. ionic bonding 24. What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons? a. positive c. neutral b. negative d. possibly positive or negative 25. If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction a. destroys energy. c. cannot occur. b. absorbs energy. d. also releases energy. 26. In chemical reactions, atoms are a. destroyed. c. neutralized. b. created. d. rearranged. 27. Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? a. All enzymes work inside cells. b. Enzymes are organic catalysts. c. Enzymes are proteins. d. Enzymes work best at a specified ph. 28. The nucleus is made up of a. protons and neutrons. c. electrons and neutrons. b. protons and electrons. d. protons, neutrons, and electrons. 29. Which of the following makes up a molecule of water? a. one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen b. two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen c. one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine d. one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen 30. If a chlorine atom had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would be called a. chlorine-35. c. chlorine-18. b. chlorine-17. d. chlorine-1. 31. The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains a. neutrons. c. protons. b. electrons. d. ions. 32. A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an) a. lipid. c. molecule. b. element. d. catalyst. 33. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? a. build tissues such as bone and muscle b. help to fight disease c. store and transmit heredity d. control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes 3

Name: ID: A 34. Suspensions are mixtures a. in which the components are evenly distributed throughout the solution. b. of water and undissolved material. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 35. Which of the following is NOT true about chlorine? a. It combines with sodium to form table salt. b. It was used to kill many soldiers in World War I. c. It is not reactive. d. It is a poisonous, greenish gas. 36. Which statement is true? a. Amino acids are made of proteins. b. RNA molecules are made of nucleotides. c. Glycerol is made of fatty acids. d. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides. 37. Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes? a. can be used as tracers to follow the movements of substances within organisms b. can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil c. can determine the ages of rocks and fossils d. all of the above 38. Which of the following statements about a compound is true? a. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed. b. Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed. c. Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed. d. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed. 39. What type of electron is available to form bonds? a. covalent c. valence b. nucleus d. ionic 40. Democritus believed that atoms a. could be divided. c. were composed of protons. b. were composed of electrons. d. could not be divided. 41. Which of the following lists the different types of chemical bonds in order of increasing attraction? a. ionic, covalent, hydrogen c. covalent, ionic, hydrogen b. hydrogen, ionic, covalent d. hydrogen, covalent, ionic 42. Amino acid is to protein as a. sugar is to fat. c. fat is to lipid. b. DNA is to RNA. d. simple sugar is to starch. 4

Name: ID: A 43. Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions? a. compound c. enzyme b. isotope d. nucleus 44. A solution is a(an) a. breaking of a chemical bond. b. evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances. c. combination of two or more liquids. d. chemical reaction. 45. Water molecules are polar, with the a. oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative. b. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive. c. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative. d. oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 46. Adhesion is responsible for the surface of the water in a graduated cylinder that is slightly curved at the sides. _ 47. The chemical reaction of CO 2 and H 2 O is irreversible. _ 48. Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the cell without requiring high temperatures are antibodies. _ 49. Polysaccharides are formed through the process known as polymerization. _ 50. A substance made up of only one kind of atom is an element. _ 51. The basic unit of matter is the molecule. _ 52. When sugar is dissolved in water, the sugar and water are chemically combined. _ 53. The isotope oxygen-18 has 18 protons. _ 54. Lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. _ 55. Scientists show the composition of compounds by a kind of shorthand known as a chemical formula. 5

Name: ID: A 56. A substance with equal numbers of H + ions and OH ions is an alkaline solution. _ 57. The substances that are present when a chemical reaction begins are the products. _ 58. Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in ph. _ 59. Water is the greatest solute in the world. _ 60. When atoms share six electrons, they are joined by a double bond. _ 6

ID: A Ch 2 Review Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 51 OBJ: 2.4.3 STA: 3.1.12.B.2 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 7. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 46 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.1.12.A.2 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 45 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.1.12.A.2 11. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 51 OBJ: 2.4.3 STA: 3.1.12.B.2 12. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 50 OBJ: 2.4.2 14. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 15. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 16. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 50 OBJ: 2.4.2 17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 50 OBJ: 2.4.2 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 20. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 1

ID: A 22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 50 OBJ: 2.4.2 26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 27. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 51 p. 52 p. 53 OBJ: 2.4.3 STA: 3.1.12.B.2 28. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 29. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 30. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 51 OBJ: 2.4.3 STA: 3.1.12.B.2 33. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 48 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.1.12.C.2 34. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 35. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 36. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 46 p. 47 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.1.12.C.2 37. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 38. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 39. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 40. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 38 p. 41 OBJ: 2.2.1 42. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 45 p. 47 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.1.12.A.2 43. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 44. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 2

ID: A 45. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 46. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 41 OBJ: 2.2.1 47. ANS: F, reversible PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 49 p. 50 OBJ: 2.4.2 48. ANS: F, enzymes PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 51 OBJ: 2.4.3 STA: 3.1.12.B.2 49. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 45 p. 46 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.1.12.A.2 50. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 51. ANS: F, atom PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 52. ANS: F, physically PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 41 OBJ: 2.2.2 53. ANS: F, 8 PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 54. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 46 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.1.12.A.2 55. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 56. ANS: F, water PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 42 p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 57. ANS: F, reactants PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 58. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 3

ID: A 59. ANS: F, solvent PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 60. ANS: F, triple PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 4

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