University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Field Station Bulletins UWM Field Station Spring 992 UWM Field Station meteorological data James W. Popp University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.uwm.edu/fieldstation_bulletins Part of the Forest Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Popp, J.W. 992. UWM Field Station meteorological data. Field Station Bulletin 25(): -3. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Field Station Bulletins by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact kristinw@uwm.edu.
UWM Field Station Meteorological Data: 99-99 James W. Popp University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Field Station 395 Blue Goose Road, Saukville, Wisconsin 53 During 99, the UWM Field Station obtained a digital data logger weather station manufactured by Campbell Scientific, Inc. The equipment was operational in September 99 and has produced continuous records since that time. The weather station is located next to the laboratory building in an open field. The meteorological data produced by this station are available by request. Here, I describe the various forms in which the data are available and provide annual summaries for September 99 through 99. Field Station weather records are summarized in three ways: 3-minute records, daily summaries and yearly summaries. Instantaneous readings of the sensors are collected by the data logger every 5 second for Temperature (C*), Relative Humidity (%), Precipitation (mm), Barometric Pressure (mbars), Radiation (kw/m 2 ), Evaporation (mm), Wind-Speed (m/s), Wind-Magnitude (m/s), and Wind- Direction (deg/s). Every 3 minutes (on the hour and half-hour), a mean value for each variable is calculated by a program stored in the data logger and stored in a portable storage module. For Precipitation the total rainfall in the 3-minute period is recorded. On a monthly basis the data are transferred from the portable storage module to a computer, processed, and stored on disc. These 3-minute records are available as SPSS files and as hard copies.
The precipitation stored on the data logger is recorded by a tipping bucket rain gauge. Tipping bucket rain gauges are inaccurate in heavy rainfalls because a substantial amount of water drips through the gauge during bucket "tips". The tipping bucket rain gauge also does not work for frozen precipitation. We employ a weighing bucket rain gauge to correct the records from the tipping bucket during heavy rainfall and to record precipitation during the winter months. Daily summaries are produced from the 3-minute records by calculating a daily mean for each variable, except precipitation for which a daily sum is calculated. Daily summaries are available as Lotus -2-3 files and as hard copies. Yearly summaries have also been calculated and are presented here for 99 (partial year) through 99. Yearly summaries are also available as Lotus -2-3 files. Yearly Summaries The yearly summaries presented here are modelled, where possible, after the summaries provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Some differences between the two reports reflect differences in available equipment. Records for the Field Station are reported in degrees Celsius and in other metric measures. In addition, growing degree-days (at 5 and C, see below for description) were substituted for the heating and cooling degree-days used by NOAA. The variables reported in the summaries are defined as follows: Temperature Average -Daily Maximum: Monthly mean of the 3-min period in each day with the highest mean temperature. -Daily Minimum: Monthly mean of the 3-min period in each day with the lowest mean temperature.
-Daily Average: Monthly mean of all 3-min means. (NOAA uses the midpoint between the daily minimum and maximum for this measure.) Extremes -Highest: Highest 3-min mean temperature. -Date: Day of month with highest temperature. -Lowest: Lowest 3-min mean temperature. -Date: Day of month with lowest temperature. Degree-days At 5 C: Sum of the number of degrees by which the daily average temperatures exceeded 5 C (after January). At C: Sum of the number of degrees by which the daily average temperature exceeded * C (after January). Radiation Mean: Mean of all 3-min means in the month. Maximum: Maximum 3-min mean during the month. Numberof Days Precipitation: Numberof days with.25 mm or more of precipitation. Temperature -Maximum 32' and above: Number of days with a maximum 3-min mean temperature of 32* C or above. * and below: Number of days with a maximum 3-min mean temperature of * C or below. -Minimum * and below: Number of days with a minimum 3-min mean temperature of * C or below. - and below: Number of days with a minimum 3-min mean temperature of- C or below.
Mean Pressure: Mean of all 3-min means in the month. Relative humidity: Monthly mean of the 3-min means for each quarter of the day. Precipitation Total: Sum of all precipitation during the month. Greatest (24 hrs): Total precipitation on the day with the most precipitation. Wind Direction: Monthly mean of all 3-min means. Mean Speed: Monthly mean of all 3-min means Maximum Speed: Highest mean wind speed during a 3-min period. The yearly summaries are presented in Tables -3. The daily mean temperature, mean radiation, and total precipitation are shown in Fig -3. Individuals wishing to obtain further information or copies of the weather records should contact the Field Station.
o en ) Q ) L_ D D L_ <D CL E (D -3 5 2 3 4 5 7 9 2 o (D Q CD i^, D O L. ) Q_ E CD -3! 2 3 4 5 7 9 2 Figure. Mean daily temperatures at the UWM Field Station for 99 and 99.
4 - IT J, 3 - c o S 2 'o_ 'o. ll.i. I I k 99 2 3 4 5 7 9 2 - Month J 4 -. 93. 4 5 i i 4 99 - C o Q. 'o <D L_ Q_ 3 2 - - - ll ill I I i ll i, ll 2 3 4 5 7 9 2 - - J Date Figure 2. Total daily precipitation at the UWM Field Station for 99 and 99.
. 2 3 4 5 7 9 2 Date. 2 3 4 5 7 9 2 Date Figure 3. Mean daily radiation at the UWM Field station for 99 and 99.
METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR 99 TEMPERATURE (C ) Average -Daily Maximum Daily Minimum Daily Average Extremes -Highest Date -Lowest -Date SEP OCT NOV DEC 2.7. 4. 2. -. 24. 4.9.3 2.2 5-3.3 9 4. -3.7.5 9.4 3-4.3 24 -.2-4.4 -.2.4, -2.7 2 DEGREE DAYS Sum -At 5 -At 292. 55.5.4 4.3 5.5 2.3.. RELATIVE HUMIDTY (%) hr means begining Hour Hour Hour 2 Hour 5..4 2. 79, 79. 7.4 5.7 7.. 77.4.3 75. 75. 7.5 5.7 7. MEAN PRESSURE (mbars) 9.95 7.57 2.27.2
SEP QCT NQV DEC NUMBER OF DAYS: Precipitation -.25 mm or more 9 9 7 Temperature -Maximum 32 a n d above ' and below 7 22 -Minimum 'and below 2 5 9 3 -* a n d below RADIATION (kw/m2) Mean..2.7. Maximum.7.7.54.4 PRECIPITATION (mm) Total 4.4 47.2 3.97. Greatest (24hrs) 2.32 2.35 4. 3.5 Date 9 5 27 3 WIND Direction 247. 252.4 22. 292. Mean Speed (m/s) 4.73 7.42.9.5 Maximum Speed (m/s) 23. 2.3 33.7 2.32
TEMPERATURE (C) Average Daily Maximum -Daily Minimum -Daily Average Extremes -Highest -Date -Lowest -Date JAN 3. -. -.4.2 7-2.7 3 FEE. -.5-3..4-9,9 25 METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR 99 MAR APR MAY JUN.3 -. 2.2 23.5 2-9.4 9 3.5 3.4.3 29.9 25-5. 7 5.4.. 25..2 24.3 2.5. 3. 2 3.2 4 JUL 25.2 4. 2.2 33. 4 9.3 7 AUG 24.9 5. 9.9 33.3 27. SEP 22.2 2.. 34.4 3. 2 ocr 4. 3.7 9. 27.4 5-3.9 22 NOV.3.3 5. 23. -7.3 DEC -.4-9. -4.3 9.4 9-24. 2 DEGREE DAYS Sum -At 5 -At '.3..3. 43. 2. 42. 7.. 5.4 43. 23. 47.9 3.9 4.9 35.9 353. 2. 35.3 47.3 7. 2.4.. RELATIVE HUMIDTY (%) hr means beginning Hour Hour Hour 2 Hour. 79. 7L 7. 74. 73.3 3.5 9. 72.9 9. 59. 9.5 73. 4. 5.5 3.5 77..5 57..5 77.9 7.4.4.5. 7.4 3. 72.9.7 74. 4.3 75. 7.7 72.7. 75.3 73. 9. 55. 9..4.2 55. 5. 72. 72.4. 7.3 MEAN PRESSURE (mbars).7 7.9 9.53 5.29 3.9 2.4 7.7.34 7. -5.77 5.7 7.2
NUMBER OF DAYS: Precipitation.25 mm or more Temperature -Maximum 32' and above * and below -Minimum ' and below -' and below JAN 7 2 FEB 27 MAR 4 2 APR 2 MAY JUN JUL 9 2 AUG 3 SEP 2 OCT NOV 9 DEC 3 RADIATION (kw/m2) Mean Maximum.7.49...4.3.9.95.22..24.9.24.2.2.94.7...9.7.49.5.43 PRECIPITATION (mm) Total Greatest (24hrs) Date 72.39 5.24 25 37.59.4 4.4 5.75 5.39 3. 2.43 29.4 23.75 3.53 * 22 5.33.54 9 2.99 22.35 5.93 3.2.55 7.53 3 73. 22. 5&27 7.3 32. 3 WIND Direction Mean Speed (m/s) Maximum Speed (m/s) 253.7-29.77 2.4.4 2. 233..4 24.4 24.2..4 22. 3. 7.32 27.5 244.. 24.5 2.5 5..4 97. 4.42 2.94 23 5.. 244. 7. 2.42 253..4 23. 275..9 27.4
METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR 99 TEMPERATURE (C ) Average -Daily Maximum -Daily Minimum -Daily Average Extremes -Highest -Date -Lowest -Date JAN -4.5-3. -.5 5.2 9-23.4 3 FEE.3 -.7-2.5. 2-7.4 5 MAR APR MAY JUN.3-2.9. 2.4 2 -/4 4 3.9 4..7 29.3-4.7 2 2.7.4.3 33. 2. 3 25. 4. 2. 33.9 29. 7 JUL 2.7. 2.4 33. 2. 27 AUG 2. 5.2 2. 33. 2 9.2 SEP 2. 9.9 5. 32. 9-3.2 27 OCT 4.5 4. 9.5 24.7 23-3. 9 NOV 4.4-4.7 -.2 7. -.2 7 DEC. -.7-3. 3, 2-7.2 DEGREE DAYS Sum -At 5 -At.. 2.3. 23..2 29.5 5.3 349. 29. 452. 32. 57.2 352.2 43.4 32.4 33.9 75.9 47.7 52.7.5.2.. RELATIVE HUMIDTY (%) hr means begining Hour Hour Hour 2 Hour 7. 9. 3.9.4 9. 7.9 5.4 5. 73. 7.2.7 9.3..9 49. 57.5. 5.5 49..5.9 47. 3. 49.. 47.7 34.5 5.5 59. 4.4 33.9 5. 59. 47.4 34.4 5. 52. 4. 39.4 4.4 5.9 54.3 45. 53. 5.9 5.2 5.3 54. MEAN PRESSURE (mbars).99.3.5 5.2.5 7.9 5. 9.7 9.4 5.75.92 9.2
NUMBER OF DAYS: Precipitation.25 mm or more Temperature -Maximum 32 and above and below -Minimum and below - and below JAN 27 3 9 FEB 3 2 23 MAR 3 3 22 APR 2 7 MAY JUN 2 JUL 5 AUG 4 Q SEP 3 OCT 7 5 NOV 4 9 23 DEC 29 RADIATION (kw/m2) Mean Maximum..5..3.3...9.22..29.99.2.2.22.9.7.5..9..5.5.45 PRECIPITATION (mm) Total Greatest (24hrs) Date 32.2.7 9.9 5. 7. 24.3.3 3.25 43.4.4 3 24.7 93.42 4 77.44 24.9 9. 5.45. 7. 2 2.27 35. 4 9.5. 29 4.77 3.72 2 WIND Direction Mean Speed (m/s) Maximum Speed (m/s) 29.9 5.95 9.54 292.9.3 24.97 327.9 9.3 29. 75.2.7 22.72 7.3 5.94.5 3. 5. 9.5 2. 4.7 5.4 324. 4.54 3.7 247.5 5. 2. 27. 2. 259. 5.77 2.27 275.3 5. 23.5