Chapter Review Earth in Space Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Select the term from the following list that matches each description. axis orbit rotation revolution equinox solstice lunar eclipse Moon phases solar eclipse craters asteroids comets solar system astronomical unit nebula 1. depressions caused by large meteorites 2. the spinning of Earth on its axis 3. cloud of gas, ice, and dust in space 4. composed of the Sun, planets, asteroids, comets, and other objects in orbit around the Sun 5. the orbiting of Earth around the Sun 6. imaginary line that runs from the north geographic pole through Earth to the south geographic pole 7. distance of about 150,000,000 km 8. small, rocky objects that lie in a belt between Mars and Jupiter 9. the changing views of the Moon as seen from Earth 10. when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon 11. when the Sun reaches its greatest distance from the equator 12. when the Moon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth s surface 13. when the Sun is directly above Earth s equator 14. objects made mainly of rock and ice that partly vaporize and form tails as they approach the Sun 15. curved path that Earth follows around the Sun Part B. Concept Review 1. Number the planets in the order they appear from the Sun, with the planet closest to the Sun being number 1 and the planet farthest from the Sun being number 9. a. Neptune d. Saturn g. Venus b. Jupiter e. Earth h. Uranus c. Mercury f. Pluto i. Mars Earth in Space 39
Chapter Review (continued) Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 2. How were maria probably formed? 3. Describe the two types of Earth s motions. How long does each one last? 4. How are Earth and Venus similar? How are they different? 5. What is the asteroid belt and where is it located? 6. What is the current scientific explanation of the origin of Earth s Moon? Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms. 7. The planets are solid, rocky, and Earth-sized. 8. Most of the planets are gaseous and have thick atmospheres. 9. The hemisphere tilted the Sun receives more daylight than the other hemisphere. 10. Of the five outer planets, the one that seems out of place is. 40 Earth in Space
Chapter Test Earth in Space I. Testing Concepts Directions: For each of the following, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Dark areas on the Moon s surface created by lava flows are. a. highlands b. nebulas c. maria d. craters 2. Earth s axis is. a. tilted b. curved c. vertical d. horizontal 3. Light-colored areas on the Moon are. a. maria b. highlands c. moon phases d. high cliffs 4. Earth completes one each year. a. revolution b. rotation c. solstice d. phase 5. A occurs when Earth moves into the Moon s shadow. a. lunar eclipse b. solar eclipse c. solstice d. moon phase 6. are the changing views of the Moon as seen from Earth. a. Waning moons b. Waxing moons c. Orbits d. Moon phases 7. During a(n), Earth s tilt is not toward or away from the Sun. a. solstice b. revolution c. solar eclipse d. equinox 8. Both Earth and the Moon around an axis. a. orbit b. rotate c. co-form d. revolve 9. Earth s curved path around the Sun is a(n). a. axis b. rotation c. orbit d. equinox 10. The includes the Sun, planets, asteroids, and comets. a. solar system b. nebula c. solstice d. asteroid belt 11. are used to measure distances between objects in the solar system. a. Kilometers b. Solar units c. Nebulas d. Astronomical units 12. When the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are lined up and the full moon moves into Earth s shadow, a(n) occurs. a. moon phase b. lunar eclipse c. solar eclipse d. equinox 13. Meteorites striking the surface of the Moon created. a. highlands b. craters c. the crust d. a dense iron core 14. During each, the Sun is directly over either the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn. a. solstice b. equinox c. season d. moon phase 15. Earth s orbit around the Sun is. a. circular b. angular c. elliptical d. unpredictable Earth in Space 41
Chapter Test (continued) II. 16. Almost all in our solar system are located beyond Neptune. a. asteroids b. gaseous planets c. rocky planets d. comets 17. The separates the inner and outer planets. a. Moon b. nebula c. asteroid belt d. highland 18. Our solar system is thought to have formed from a large, a rotating cloud of gas, ice, and dust. a. comet b. asteroid belt c. nebula d. Oort Cloud Understanding Concepts Skill: Identifying and Labeling Illustrations Directions: Study the following diagram. Then identify each phase by filling in each blank below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Skill: Concept Mapping Directions: Complete the concept map using the correct terms from the chapter. 8. Earth 11. on its 9. causing us to experience 10. around the 12. causing us to experience 13. 42 Earth in Space
Chapter Test (continued) III. Applying Concepts Directions: Match the planets in Column II with their descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct planet in the blank at the left. Column I Column II 1. largest planet; has storm called the Great Red Spot a. Pluto 2. closest to the Sun; covered with craters 3. sometimes called Earth s twin because of its size and mass; surrounded by thick clouds 4. looks blue because of methane in its atmosphere; has the fastest winds of all the planets b. Uranus c. Jupiter d. Earth 5. has surface temperatures that allow water to exist in three states; has a protective ozone layer e. Mercury 6. has a striking ring system made up of seven major ring divisions; sixth planet from the Sun f. Neptune 7. sometimes called the red planet; has the largest volcano in the solar system g. Mars 8. looks blue-green because of methane in its atmosphere; has at least 18 moons and possibly 21 h. Saturn 9. farthest from the Sun; believed to be part ice and part rock Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 10. Name the inner planets. 11. Name the outer planets. 12. Which planet is the third from the Sun? 13. Which outer planet is not like the others? i. Venus 14. Which planet s satellites are called Galilean satellites and why? Earth in Space 43
Chapter Test (continued) IV. Writing Skills Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences. 1. How are comets and asteroids alike? How are they different? 2. Describe the two motions of the Moon. 3. Does South America experience the seasons at the same time as North America? Explain your answer. 4. Describe the surface of the Moon. 5. Why can Jupiter be considered a miniature solar system? 6. How does Earth s tilt affect its seasons? 44 Earth in Space