Quantum gravity at one-loop and AdS/CFT

Similar documents
Non-perturbative effects in ABJM theory

Large N Non-Perturbative Effects in ABJM Theory

Thermodynamics of black branes as interacting branes

M-theoretic Matrix Models

One Loop Tests of Higher Spin AdS/CFT

Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetime

Chern-Simons Theories and AdS/CFT

Introduction to AdS/CFT

N = 2 CHERN-SIMONS MATTER THEORIES: RG FLOWS AND IR BEHAVIOR. Silvia Penati. Perugia, 25/6/2010

ABJM Baryon Stability at Finite t Hooft Coupling

Recent developments in Monte Carlo studies of superstring theory

SUPERCONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES. John H. Schwarz. Abdus Salam ICTP 10 November 2010

WHY BLACK HOLES PHYSICS?

Non-perturbative Effects in ABJM Theory from Fermi Gas Approach

M-theory S-Matrix from 3d SCFT

Higher Spin AdS/CFT at One Loop

Quark-gluon plasma from AdS/CFT Correspondence

Subleading Microstate Counting of AdS 4 Black Hole Entropy

String theory effects on 5D black strings

Techniques for exact calculations in 4D SUSY gauge theories

Talk based on: arxiv: arxiv: arxiv: arxiv: arxiv:1106.xxxx. In collaboration with:

Schwarzschild Radius and Black Hole Thermodynamics with Corrections from Simulations of SUSY Matrix Quantum Mechanics. Jun Nishimura (KEK)

Recent Advances in SUSY

Rigid SUSY in Curved Superspace

Insight into strong coupling

Entropy of asymptotically flat black holes in gauged supergravit

AdS/CFT duality. Agnese Bissi. March 26, Fundamental Problems in Quantum Physics Erice. Mathematical Institute University of Oxford

String Theory in a Nutshell. Elias Kiritsis

Chern-Simons Theory and Its Applications. The 10 th Summer Institute for Theoretical Physics Ki-Myeong Lee

ABJM 行列模型から. [Hatsuda+M+Okuyama 1207, 1211, 1301]

A Brief Introduction to AdS/CFT Correspondence

A Supergravity Dual for 4d SCFT s Universal Sector

BPS non-local operators in AdS/CFT correspondence. Satoshi Yamaguchi (Seoul National University) E. Koh, SY, arxiv: to appear in JHEP

Supergravity from 2 and 3-Algebra Gauge Theory

CFTs with O(N) and Sp(N) Symmetry and Higher Spins in (A)dS Space

How to resum perturbative series in supersymmetric gauge theories. Masazumi Honda ( 本多正純 )

arxiv: v2 [hep-th] 12 Jan 2012

Black Hole Entropy and Gauge/Gravity Duality

Holography for Black Hole Microstates

10 Interlude: Preview of the AdS/CFT correspondence

Dualities and Topological Strings

5. a d*, Entanglement entropy and Beyond

Black hole entropy of gauge fields

The Role of Black Holes in the AdS/CFT Correspondence

Duality and Holography

Particles and Strings Probing the Structure of Matter and Space-Time

SUPERSTRING REALIZATIONS OF SUPERGRAVITY IN TEN AND LOWER DIMENSIONS. John H. Schwarz. Dedicated to the memory of Joël Scherk

A supermatrix model for ABJM theory

Is N=8 Supergravity Finite?

F-theory effective physics via M-theory. Thomas W. Grimm!! Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut)! Munich

AdS 6 /CFT 5 in Type IIB

Supersymmetry on Curved Spaces and Holography

Twistors, amplitudes and gravity

Introduction to Black Hole Thermodynamics. Satoshi Iso (KEK)

Quantum Dynamics of Supergravity

Black Hole Microstate Counting using Pure D-brane Systems

8.821 String Theory Fall 2008

8.821 String Theory Fall 2008

Introduction to AdS/CFT

The effective field theory of general relativity and running couplings

ds/cft Contents Lecturer: Prof. Juan Maldacena Transcriber: Alexander Chen August 7, Lecture Lecture 2 5

Black hole near-horizon geometries

Holography and (Lorentzian) black holes

Instantons in string theory via F-theory

κ = f (r 0 ) k µ µ k ν = κk ν (5)

AdS/CFT Correspondence and Entanglement Entropy

Gauge/Gravity Duality: Applications to Condensed Matter Physics. Johanna Erdmenger. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg

Asymptotic Expansion of N = 4 Dyon Degeneracy

Manifestly diffeomorphism invariant classical Exact Renormalization Group

Strings, D-Branes and Gauge Theories Igor Klebanov Department of Physics Princeton University Talk at the AEI Integrability Workshop July 24, 2006

Membranes and the Emergence of Geometry in MSYM and ABJM

Putting String Theory to the Test with AdS/CFT

AdS/CFT Correspondence with Eight Supercharges

Non-perturbative effects in string theory and AdS/CFT

M-Theory and Matrix Models

Topological String Theory

P-ADIC STRINGS AT FINITE TEMPERATURE

strings, symmetries and holography

TOPIC V BLACK HOLES IN STRING THEORY

Quantum Gravity in 2+1 Dimensions I

Functional determinants, Index theorems, and Exact quantum black hole entropy

BLACK HOLES IN 3D HIGHER SPIN GRAVITY. Gauge/Gravity Duality 2018, Würzburg

Anomalies, Conformal Manifolds, and Spheres

THE MASTER SPACE OF N=1 GAUGE THEORIES

Gravity vs Yang-Mills theory. Kirill Krasnov (Nottingham)

Gravity, Strings and Branes

Some applications of light-cone superspace

Quantum Black Holes, Localization & Mock Modular Forms

The Partition Function of ABJ Theory

HIGHER SPIN ADS 3 GRAVITIES AND THEIR DUAL CFTS

1/N Expansions in String and Gauge Field Theories. Adi Armoni Swansea University

Symmetries, Horizons, and Black Hole Entropy. Steve Carlip U.C. Davis

N = 2 String Amplitudes *

Phase transitions in separated braneantibrane at finite temperature

BPS Black holes in AdS and a magnetically induced quantum critical point. A. Gnecchi

Exact Solutions of 2d Supersymmetric gauge theories

QGP, Hydrodynamics and the AdS/CFT correspondence

Some Tools for Exploring Supersymmetric RG Flows

Black Hole thermodynamics

Asymptotically safe Quantum Gravity. Nonperturbative renormalizability and fractal space-times

Transcription:

Quantum gravity at one-loop and AdS/CFT Marcos Mariño University of Geneva (mostly) based on S. Bhattacharyya, A. Grassi, M.M. and A. Sen, 1210.6057

The AdS/CFT correspondence is supposed to provide a dual, gauge theory description of quantum gravity/string theory/m-theory on certain backgrounds. Most of the tests however have focused on the classical aspects of the correspondence. In the gauge theory side, this corresponds to the planar or large N limit In this talk I will present a test of the correspondence beyond the planar limit. On the gauge theory side, we will deal with ABJM theory and its generalizations. On the AdS side, the test involves a one-loop computation in quantum (super)gravity

AdS4/CFT3 In the last four years or so, we have learned that superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories describe M- theory backgrounds of the form AdS 4 X 7 X 7 Y 8 X 7 Sasaki-Einstein: N=2 Tri-Sasaki: N=3 S 7 /Z k : N=6 N M2 branes conical singularity

Basic building block of CFT3s: Chern-Simons theory and its CS level (must be an integer) S CS = k 4π supersymmetric extensions M ( tr A da + 2i ) 3 A A A Susy extensions use the standard N=2, 3d vector multiplet, built on the gauge connection, and the N=2, 3d matter hypermultiplet. Many examples can be constructed by using quivers Example: ABJM theory 2 CS theories + 4 hypers in the bifundamental N=6 SUSY k U(N 1 ) U(N 2 ) k Φ i=1,,4

N=3 necklace quivers : p nodes, CS theory at each node with gauge group and levels, p a=1 k a a =1,,p k a =0 U(N a ) U(N 1 ) k1 U(N p ) kp U(N 2 ) k2 [Jafferis-Tomasiello] Here, the cone in the AdS dual is a hyperkahler manifold determined by the CS levels. To simplify the discussion, we will mostly assume that all nodes have equal rank N a = N

M-theory duals These are Freund-Rubin backgrounds with metrics of the form ds 2 = L 2 ( 1 4 ds2 AdS 4 +ds 2 X 7 ) The common rank N is related to the radius L by 6 vol(x 7 ) ( L 2πl p ) 6 = N L/l p 1 L/l p L/l p 1 Planckian sizes, strong quantum gravity effects N small weak curvature, classical SUGRA is a good approximation N large: thermodynamic limit

The natural expansion in M-theory is in powers of l p /L This leads to the M-theory expansion of CS-matter theories: a k a 1/N expansion at fixed. This is not the t Hooft expansion, which is an expansion in powers of 1/N at fixed t Hooft parameter λ = N k k a = n a k, k 1 By reduction on a circle, these M-theory backgrounds lead to type IIA string backgrounds. The t Hooft expansion corresponds to the genus expansion of the string. This is an expansion in powers of the string coupling constant, at a given curvature radius.

Going beyond tree-level in an effective theory On the string side, testing AdS/CFT beyond the planar limit involves calculating higher genus string amplitudes. This is a hard but presumably well-defined problem However, testing the subleading 1/N terms in the M-theory expansion directly in M-theory is more delicate. This is because we only know the low-energy limit of M-theory, i.e.11d SUGRA. This theory is an effective theory and it is not renormalizable [Deser-Seminara, Bern et al.,...] A popular philosophy is to state that the gauge theory defines M-theory on these backgrounds. But then there is nothing to test. Testing AdS/CFT means that we can make sense of both sides

Of course, we can test AdS/CFT, at least classically, since an effective field theory like supergravity always makes sense at tree level. But can we go beyond tree-level in an effective, non-renormalizable field theory? The answer is: yes -provided we introduce new parameters corresponding to the new counterterms, as in chiral perturbation theory [Weinberg, Gasser-Leutwyler,...]. These can then be fixed by comparison to experiment or to the microscopic theory pion Lagrangian L = F 2 π 4 tr ( µ U µ U ) +l 1 [ tr ( µ U µ U )] 2 + tree level generated at one-loop

But more is true: in the amplitudes computed in effective field theories, there are terms with a specific functional dependence which only depend on the tree-level effective Lagrangian and receive contributions at one-loop only. Example: coefficients of logs in the amplitude ππ ππ scattering M = 1 96π 2 F 4 π [ 3s 2 log ( ) s µ 2 1 + t(t u) log ( ) t µ 2 2 + u(u t) log ( )] u µ 2 2 +

Generically, non-analytic (log) terms in the amplitudes, coming from the infrared region of the loop integration, depend only on the parameters of the tree-level Lagrangian. Therefore, they can be computed reliably, independently of the UV completion [cf. Donoghue] This philosophy can be applied to ordinary gravity, regarded as an effective theory. For example, the Newton potential between two large masses has a well-defined quantum correction which receives only one-loop corrections [Donoghue, Bjerrum-Bohr, Holstein,...] V (r) = GM 1M 2 r [ 1+ξ ( lp r ) 2 + ] constant calculable at one-loop

Log terms in the black hole entropy The free energy and entropy of a black hole can be computed from the partition function of Euclidean quantum (super)gravity. At tree level one finds the standard Bekenstein-Hawking result [Gibbons-Hawking] 1 S = A k B 4l 2 p Can we compute quantum corrections to the entropy by using just low-energy, Euclidean (super)gravity? Following the intuition of effective field theory, we should focus on logarithmic corrections of the form 1 S = A k B 4l 2 p + c log ( A l 2 p ) +

It is not difficult to show, by a simple estimate of diagrams, that the n-loop correction to vacuum graphs scales as ( lp L ) (D 2)(n 1) characteristic scale L : (BH radius, AdS radius) D : spacetime dimension We conclude that neither higher loops, nor higher terms in the Lagrangian, can contribute to this log correction: the coefficient c of the log correction to the black hole entropy can be computed reliably and at one-loop in (super)gravity [Sen+Banerjee, Gupta, Mandal] This is useful even if we have an UV completion in terms of superstring theory, since calculations in SUGRA are usually easier than in the full-fledged superstring

D-brane, microscopic counting in string theory makes precise predictions for the coefficient of the log term in the black hole entropy. It has been verified by Sen and collaborators that, in all cases where this can be tested, one finds agreement with the low-energy or macroscopic calculation

Partition functions and AdS/CFT In this talk we will look at the Euclidean partition functions of M- theory on the Freund-Rubin backgrounds AdS 4 X 7 AdS/CFT gives us their microscopic description, in terms of the partition functions of N=3 Chern-Simons-matter theories on the three-sphere (boundary of AdS4). In the last 2-3 years, a lot of information has been found about these partition functions on the gauge theory side, by combining many different techniques. I will now summarize what is known about them

The partition function at all orders in 1/N, and up to nonperturbative corrections, is given by an Airy function: [ ] Z(N, k a ) Ai C(k a ) 1/3 (N B(k a )) Airy function + O (e kn, e ) N/k membrane instantons O ( e L3 /l 3 P ) worldsheet instantons O ( ) e L2 /l 2 s B(k a ),C(k a ) calculable functions C(k a ) vol(x 7 ) [Drukker-M.M.-Putrov, Herzog et al., Fuji-Hirano-Moriyama, M.M.-Putrov] Much recent progress on non-perturbative effects...

Example: ABJM theory Z ABJM (N, k) Ai [ ( 2 π 2 k ) 1/3 ( N k 24 1 3k ) ] This expression resums the full perturbative, quantum gravity partition function of M-theory/11d SUGRA and includes the full perturbative series in l p /L

Tree level: classical gravity at large N The leading large N result corresponds to the Euclidean quantum gravity partition function at tree level: log Z(N, k a ) F (N, k a ) 2 3 C(k a) 1/2 N 3/2 (regularized) gravitational action on-shell This is the famous 3/2 scaling first found in the gravity side by [Klebanov-Tseytlin] and first explained microscopically in [Drukker-M.M.-Putrov]

One-loop: a universal log term Going to next-to-leading order in the 1/N expansion one finds F (N, k a ) 2 3 C(k a) 1/2 N 3/2 1 4 log N + After using the AdS/CFT dictionary, this is of the form 3 2 log ( L l p ) Notice that it is universal: it does not depend on the compactification. The arguments presented before can be X 7 immediately adapted to conclude that we should be able to reproduce this log contribution with a one-loop calculation in 11d SUGRA

One-loop: heat kernel + zero modes A generic one-loop contribution to a partition function factorizes into an integral over the non-zero modes of the relevant kinetic operator A, and an integral over its zero modes The contribution of non-zero modes can be calculated in terms of the heat kernel K(τ) =e τa which has the short-distance De Witt-Seeley expansion TrK(τ) = 1 (4π) d/2 n=0 τ n d/2 d d x ga n (x)

This makes possible to extract the log L contribution from non-zero modes as 1 2 ln det A = ( 1 (4π) d/2 d d x ga d/2 (x) n 0 A ) log L + number of zero modes of A Zero-modes are typically due to asymptotic symmetries, i.e. gauge transformations generated by non-normalizable parameters. The integration over them leads to a factor in Z L ±β An 0 A β A depends on the type of field and the dimension of spacetime

Zero-modes in gravity calculations are subtle, and sometimes they are not properly taken into account. Fortunately, a detailed treatment has been given by Sen and collaborators in their computation of log corrections to black hole entropy. In our calculation they are the only source of contributions, since in 11d the coefficient of the heat kernel vanishes Are there zero modes for the 11d SUGRA fields on the Freund-Rubin background?

Graviton + ghost vector: no zero modes Gravitino + ghost spinor: no zero modes 4 ghost scalars: no zero modes 3-form: no zero modes 3 ghost one-forms: no zero modes 2 ghost two-forms: one zero mode each in Euclidean AdS4! [Camporesi-Higuchi] The contribution of these zero-modes to the free energy is (β 2 2) log L Independent of X 7 : explains universality!

A simple calculation of the scaling properties of the pathintegral measure for two-forms gives β 2 = D 2 2 in D dimensions This is because, in terms of an L-independent metric, the path integral measure is defined by [DB µν ] exp [ L D 4 d D x g (0) g (0)µν g (0)αβ B µα B νβ ] =1 ( D We then find in D=11 2 4 ) log L = 3 2 log L yes!

Conclusions I have argued that certain quantum corrections can be calculated in ordinary (super)gravity. Any reasonable UV completion should reproduce these corrections. These has been successfully applied to log corrections to black hole entropy in string theory (note: loop quantum gravity does not seem to work) A similar situation appears in AdS/CFT: the microscopic, gauge theory side, should reproduce log terms in the partition function. Indeed it does, as we have seen here in the context of N=3 Chern-Simons-matter theories

Prospects We have done the test in 11d. What happens in type IIA SUGRA in10d? The calculation is much more difficult (in progress) but should test in a non-trivial way the relationship between M-theory and type IIA strings There are by now many one-loop predictions in these theories (Wilson loops, membrane and worldsheet instantons...). Can we test them?