SAMPLE Earth science BOOSTERS CARDS Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 1
Here is a selection from Earth Science Boosters on Deposition. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 2
UNIT 10: Deposition Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 3
Deposition Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 4
Deposition/Sedimentation Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 5
Deposition/Sedimentation DEPOSITION/SEDIMENTATION: Sediments are dropped/deposited. Sediments are moved during erosion and then deposited (dropped along the way) during deposition. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 6
Deposition & Velocity Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 7
Deposition & Velocity Deposition happens when the velocity (speed) of the erosion agent (wind, water ) slows down or stops. We learned that the faster the stream moves, the bigger the particles it will carry. Therefore: Let s say the stream was moving fast and carrying large particles, and then it slowed down. The stream can t carry the big particles anymore, so the big pieces stop moving and are deposited. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 8
Deposition & Characteristics of Sediments Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 9
Deposition & Characteristics of Sediments SIZE: The bigger the sediment, the faster it will deposit. When the water/wind slows down, it won t be able to carry the big pieces anymore, so the big pieces will settle there. SHAPE: the rounder the sediment, the quicker it will deposit. The flatter the sediment, the lower the rate of deposition. DENSITY: Denser usually means heavier. The denser the sediment, the faster it will deposit. DISSOLVED MINERALS: Water can become saturate with dissolved minerals the dissolved minerals will settle out of the water and crystallize. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 10
Sediment Sorting Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 11
Sediment Sorting SORTED SEDIMENTS: During deposition, the sediments group together with other sediments of the same shape, size and density. Therefore, sediments are similar in size, shape and density. (Sorting is mainly determined by size.) Occurs as a result of stream and wind erosion. UNSORTED SEDIMENTS: Sediments of different size, shape, and density are mixed. Occurs as a result of Glacier erosion and mass movement. When glaciers melt, all the mixed particles are deposited together. During mass movement, mixed sediments all fall together unsorted. HINT: Unsorted sediments are caused by Gravity and Glaciers. All other erosion agents will deposit sorted particles. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 12
Graded Beds/Verticle Sorting Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 13
Graded Beds/Vertical Sorting When an unsorted group of sediments are deposited at the same time, the big pieces will sink to the bottom and the small pieces will stay at the top. They sort vertically (top to bottom). This is called a BED. When another group of unsorted sediments settle on top of the 1 st bed, they also sort themselves with the big pieces on bottom and the small on top. Bed #2 Bed #1 This happens at ocean and lake bottoms where velocity slows or stops abruptly. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 14
Horizontal Sorting Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 15
Horizontal Sorting When a stream slows down gradually, first the big, round, dense particles will settle, then the smaller, less round, less dense particles will settle. The smallest, flattest, least dense particles will settle last. The size, roundness, and density decrease as we move away from the starting point. NOTE: Common Regents question - Vertical sorting occurs when the water flow stops quickly. Horizontal sorting occurs when the flows stops gradually. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 16
Practice Regents Questionfrom June 2011 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 17
Answer: When the river flows into the lake, the water starts slowing down. When the water starts slowing down, the bigger particles will be deposited. As time goes on, the water will slow down further, so the smaller pieces will get deposited. In this example, the question asks- at which point does the river start flowing into the ocean? When the water starts slowing down, the bigger pieces get deposited. Therefore, Point C, which has the biggest particles in this diagram, will be the point at which the river starts flowing into the lake. Choice #3 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 18
Practice Regents Question-from June 2011 45) Sediments deposited by the river at location B are best described as (1) sorted and layered (3) unsorted and layered (2) sorted and not layered (4) unsorted and not layered Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 19
Answer: Rocks in rivers are usually sorted and layered. Choice #1 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 20
Stream Deposition Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 21
Stream Deposition Where are sediments deposited along a stream during erosion? Where the slope and velocity are lower (gentle slope and low velocity) Inside the curve of the meander Most deposition is at the delta. Deposition happens at the opposite places of erosion. Maximum erosion occurs when there is a steep slope, where there is lots of discharge, and outside the curve. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 22
Dynamic Equilibrium: Erosion & Deposition Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 23
Dynamic Equilibrium: Erosion & Deposition The rate of erosion=rate of deposition Any sediments that are eroded and transported will eventually be deposited too. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 24
Stream Deposition & Land Features 1 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 25
Stream Deposition & Land Features The type of erosion that happens will affect the land features of that area. The next few cards will discuss different types of erosion and the resulting land features. STREAM DEPOSITION & LAND FEATURES: Deposition happens inside the meanders. Lots of deposition happens at the flood plains. Lots of deposition happens at the delta. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 26
Stream Deposition & Land Features 2 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 27
Stream Deposition & Land Features 2 At the mouth of the stream, the sediments are usually deposited in fan shapes. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 28
Glacier Deposition & Land Features 1 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 29
Glacier Deposition & Land Features 1 NOTE: There are many Regents questions on this topic. They love asking about glaciers in general and about the land features caused by glaciers. Memorize how the moraine, drumlin, kettle lakes, and outwash plain look. MORAINE: When a glacier melts and deposits a large chunk of sediment HINT: Moraine-more. There are more deposits here than usual. DRUMLIN: oval mound. Small hill of unsorted sediments. HINT: Drum lin-drum. The drumlin slightly resembles the shape of drums. The steep side of the hill faces the place where the glacier came from. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 30
Glacier Deposition & Land Features 2 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 31
Glacier Deposition & Land Features 2 KETTLE LAKES: When glacier ice melts, it leaves behind holes/depressions called KETTLES. When water fills up these kettles, it becomes a KETTLE LAKE. HINT: Kettle lakes- kettle. Kettles are filled with water just like kettle lakes and slightly resemble the shape of a kettle lake. OUTWASH PLAIN: broad, flat or gentle sloped deposit of sorted rocks (similar to delta) Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 32
Practice Regents Question-from Jan 2012 46) The elongated hills labeled R are most useful in determining the (1) age of the glacier (3) thickness of the glacier (2) direction the glacier has moved (4) rate at which the glacier is melting Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 33
Answer: The elongated hills labeled R are drumlins, where the steep part of the hill faces the direction the glacier came from and the other side shows which direction the glacier moved. Drumlins show the direction that the glacier moved. Choice #2 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 34
Practice Regents Question-from June 2012 Use the diagram on the previous card to answer these questions. 47) Which feature will most likely form when the partially buried ice block melts? (1) drumlin (3) kettle lake (2) moraine (4) finger lake 48) The ridge of sediments from X to Y can best be described as (1) sorted and deposited by ice (3) unsorted and deposited by ice (2) sorted and deposited by meltwater (4) unsorted and deposited by meltwater Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 35
Answer: 47) When glacier ice melts, it leaves behind holes/depressions called KETTLES. When water fills up these kettles, it becomes a KETTLE LAKE. Choice #3 48) Glacier deposition is when the ice melts and the unsorted particles are deposited. Choice #3 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 36
Water Current Deposition & Land Features Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 37
Stream Deposition & Land Features BEACHES: When waves slow down, they deposit sediments (usually sand) at the shore. When the waves are very powerful, beaches erode more and bring more sand back into the ocean. SANDBAR: long, narrow sandbank BARRIER ISLAND: an island of sediment in middle of the ocean Waves travel at an angle and deposit the particles at an angle. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 38
Wind Deposition & Land Features Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 39
Wind Deposition & Land Features When winds slow down or stops, sediment drops. Wind usually carries small-sized sediments (sand and smaller particles). Wind usually carries durst and volcanic ash over large areas of land. SAND DUNES: A hill of sand made by the wind The gentle slope (windward) is facing the wind The steep slope (leeward) is on the opposite side (the direction the wind is blowing to). Sand in the sand dune is very round and frosted. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 40
Practice Regents Question-from Aug 2010 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 41
Answer: Wind carries small sized sediments (silt is a small sediment) over large areas of land. Choice #3 Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 42
Mass Movement Deposition & Land Features Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 43
Mass Movement Deposition & Land Features During Mass Movement a pile of unsorted sediments fall down. We can see this at the bottom of a cliff or mountain. The shape of the fallen rocks is angular and sharp. Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 44
Real Regents Questions The key to doing well on your Regents is practicing Regents Questions. I know you already did a lot of questions throughout the chapter, but you need a lot more to really do well!! On the following card, we give you a list of more Regents questions to practice. You can use either source below to practice more questions. An Earth Science Barron s Regents Book (try to use a recent one) Or get the Regents from: http://www.nysedregents.org/earthscience/ (Click on the Regents you want to do. Then select examination. The answers are under the scoring key.) Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 45
Here are some more Regents questions to practice for this unit: AUG 2012: 19, 20, 42 JUNE 2012: 15, 59 JAN 2012: 19, 46-48 AUG 2011: 83-85 JUNE 2011: 21, 23, 44-46 JAN 2011: 12, 14, 49, 50 AUG 2010: 20, 31, 33, 38, 40 JUNE 2010: 54 JAN 2010: 19, 24, 32, 77, 78 Congratulations! You did it! You just finished the 10 th unit! Keep on going! Copyright Regents Boosters 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS 46