Design and Construction of Tunnels Analysis of Controlled Deformations in Rock and Soils (ADECO-RS) Bearbeitet von Pietro Lunardi 1. Auflage 2008. Buch. xvii, 576 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 73874 9 Format (B x L): 17 x 24,2 cm Gewicht: 1181 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Geologie, Geographie, Klima, Umwelt > Geologie und Nachbarwissenschaften > Geotechnik Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.
Contents Preface... XIII A note to the reader... XV Thanks... XVII From the research to ADECO-RS 1 The dynamics of tunnel advance... 3 1.1 The basic concepts... 3 1.2 The medium... 7 1.3 The action... 9 1.4 The reaction... 11 2 The deformation response of the medium to excavation... 15 2.1 The experimental and theoretical research... 15 2.1.1 The first research stage... 17 2.1.2 The second research stage... 19 2.1.2.1 The example of the Frejus motorway tunnel (1975)... 21 2.1.2.2 The example of the Santo Stefano tunnel (1984)... 25 2.1.2.3 The S. Elia tunnel (1985)... 29 2.1.2.4 The example of the Tasso tunnel (1988)... 31 2.1.2.5 The results of the second research stage... 33 2.1.3 The third research stage... 35 2.1.3.1 The Vasto tunnel (1991)... 45 2.1.3.1.1 A brief history of the excavation... 45 2.1.3.1.2 The survey phase... 47 2.1.3.1.3 The diagnosis phase... 49 2.1.3.1.4 Assessment of the stress-strain behaviour... 49 2.1.3.1.5 The therapy phase... 49 2.1.3.1.6 The operational phase... 55 2.1.3.1.7 The monitoring phase during construction... 57 2.1.3.2 Results of the third research stage... 61 2.2 The advance core as a stabilisation instrument... 65 2.3 The advance core as a point of reference for tunnel specifications... 66
VIII Contents 3 Analysis of the deformation response according to the ADECO-RS approach... 69 3.1 Experimental and theoretical studies... 69 3.1.1 Full scale experimentation... 71 3.1.2 Laboratory experimentation... 77 3.2 Numerical analyses... 83 3.2.1 Studies using analytical approaches... 83 3.2.2 Studies using numerical approaches on axial symmetrical models... 85 3.2.3 Studies using numerical approaches on 3D models... 89 3.3 Results of the experimental and theoretical analyses of the deformation response... 91 4 Control of the deformation response according to the ADECO-RS approach... 93 4.1 Control ahead of the face... 95 4.2 Control in the tunnel back from the face... 95 5 The analysis of controlled deformation in rocks and soils... 105 5.1 Development of the new approach... 105 5.1.1 Conceptual framework according to the ADECO-RS approach... 107 5.1.1.1 Category A... 111 5.1.1.2 Category B... 111 5.1.1.3 Category C... 113 5.1.2 The different stages of the ADECO-RS approach... 115 The design stage 6 The survey phase... 121 6.1 Introduction... 121 6.1.1 The basic concepts of the survey phase... 121 6.1.2 The survey phase for conventional excavation... 123 6.1.2.1 The geomorphological and hydrogeological characteristics of the area... 125 6.1.2.2 Location and definition of the terrain through which the underground alignment passes... 127 6.1.2.3 Tectonics, geological structure and the stress state of the rock mass... 129 6.1.2.4 Hydrogeological regime of the rock mass... 133 6.1.2.5 Geomechanical characteristics of the materials... 133 6.1.3 The survey phase for TBM excavation... 139 6.1.4 Geological surveys for excavation with preliminary pilot tunnel... 141 6.1.5 Final considerations... 145
Contents IX 7 The diagnosis phase... 153 7.1 Background... 153 7.2 The basic concepts of the diagnosis stage... 153 7.3 Identification of sections with uniform stress-strain behaviour... 155 7.4 Calculation methods for predicting the behaviour category... 159 7.5 Assessing the development of the deformation response... 165 7.6 Portals... 167 7.6.1 Lithology, morphology, tectonics and structure of the slope to be entered... 169 7.6.2 Hydrology, pre-existing buildings and structures and environmental constraints... 169 7.6.3 Geomechanical characteristics of the ground... 171 7.6.4 Forecasting the deformation behaviour of the slope... 171 7.7 Final considerations... 173 8 The therapy phase... 175 8.1 Background... 175 8.2 Basic concepts of the therapy phase... 177 8.3 Excavation systems... 183 8.4 Mechanised or conventional excavation?... 185 8.5 Tunnel boring machines in relation to the confinement action they exert... 191 8.6 Design using conventional excavation... 195 8.7 Stabilisation intervention... 199 8.7.1 Preconfinement intervention... 205 8.7.2 Confinement intervention... 207 8.7.3 Presupport and support intervention... 209 8.8 Composition of typical longitudinal and cross sections... 209 8.9 Construction variabilities... 217 8.10 The dimensions and verification of tunnel section types... 219 8.10.1 Solid load calculation methods... 221 8.10.2 Plasticised ring calculation methods... 223 8.11 Particular aspects of the therapy phase... 225 8.11.1 Tunnels under the water table... 225 8.11.2 Adjacent tunnels... 231 8.11.3 Tunnels with two faces approaching each other... 231 8.11.4 Portals... 235 8.12 Final considerations... 237 The construction stage 9 The operational phase... 241 9.1 Background... 241 9.2 The basic concepts of the operational phase... 241 9.3 Excavation... 243
X Contents 9.4 Cavity preconfinement intervention... 247 9.4.1 Cavity preconfinement by means of full face mechanical precutting... 247 9.4.2 Cavity preconfinement using pretunnel technology... 257 9.4.3 Preconfinement of the tunnel after strengthening the core-face with fibre glass reinforcement... 267 9.4.4 Preconfinement of the tunnel by means of truncated cone umbrellas formed by sub horizontal columns of ground side by side improved by jet-grouting... 279 9.4.5 Preconfinement of the tunnel by means of truncated cone umbrellas of ground improved by means of conventional grouting... 289 9.4.6 Preconfinement of the tunnel by means of truncated cone umbrellas of drainage pipes ahead of the face... 295 9.5 Cavity confinement intervention... 301 9.5.1 Confinement of the cavity by means of radial rock bolts... 301 9.5.2 Cavity confinement using a preliminary lining shell of shotcrete... 307 9.5.3 Confinement of the cavity by means of the tunnel invert... 313 9.5.4 Confinement of the cavity by means of the final lining... 315 9.6 Waterproofing... 317 10 The monitoring phase... 321 10.1 Background... 321 10.2 Basic concepts... 323 10.3 Measurement stations... 325 10.3.1 Principle measurement stations... 325 10.3.2 Extrusion measurement stations... 329 10.3.3 Monitoring stations... 331 10.3.4 Systematic measurement stations... 331 10.4 The design of the system for monitoring during construction... 333 10.5 Monitoring the tunnel when in service... 337 10.6 The interpretation of measurements... 343 10.6.1 Background... 343 10.6.2 Interpretation of extrusion measurements... 345 10.6.3 The interpretation of convergence measurements... 349 10.7 Back-analysis procedures... 355 10.7.1 Fine tuning of the design during construction of the tunnel beneath the Mugello international motor racing track with a shallow overburden... 357 10.7.1.1 The survey phase... 357 10.7.1.2 The diagnosis phase... 359 10.7.1.3 The therapy phase... 361 10.7.1.4 The monitoring programme... 361 10.7.1.5 Final calibration of the design based on monitoring feedback... 363 10.7.1.6 The operational phase... 367 10.7.1.7 The monitoring phase... 367
Contents XI Final considerations... 371 Appendices Introduction to the appendices... 383 Appendix A Appendix B The design and construction of tunnels for the new Rome-Naples high speed/capacity railway line... 385 The design and construction of tunnels for the new Bologna-Florence high speed/capacity railway line... 413 Appendix C The Tartaiguille tunnel... 453 Appendix D Cellular arch technology... 471 Appendix E Artificial Ground Overburdens (A.G.O.)... 493 Appendix F Portals in difficult ground... 509 Appendix G Widening road, motorway and railway tunnels without interrupting use... 539 Glossary... 559 Bibliography... 567 Contents of the special focus boxes... 573