1 Th diagram shows th lctronic configurations of six diffrnt atoms. A B C D E F (a) You may us th Priodic Tabl on pag 2 to hlp you answr this qustion. Answr ach part by writing on of th lttrs A, B, C, D, E or F in th box providd. You may us ach lttr onc, mor than onc or not at all. Giv th lttr that rprsnts an atom (6) of a nobl gas (ii) that contains thr protons (iii) of phosphorus (iv) of an lmnt in Group 4 of th Priodic Tabl (v) of an lmnt in Priod 3 of th Priodic Tabl (vi) with a full outr shll of lctrons (b) Atoms of A and D combin to form a compound containing covalnt bonds. Complt th sntnc to dscrib a covalnt bond. A covalnt bond is th lctrostatic attraction btwn a pair of... and th... of two atoms. (ii) Suggst, with rfrnc to lctronic configurations, th most likly formula of th compound formd btwn atoms of A and D. (Total for Qustion 1 = 9 marks)
2 This qustion is about hydrogn (H 2 ) and watr. (a) Hydrogn is a gas at room tmpratur. It xists as simpl molculs. Draw a dot and cross diagram to show th arrangmnt of th lctrons in a hydrogn molcul. (ii) Explain why hydrogn has a vry low boiling point. (b) Th symbols for th thr isotops of hydrogn ar 1 H 2 H 3 H Stat what is mant by th trm isotops. (ii) Complt th tabl to show th numbr of protons, nutrons and lctrons in ach of th thr isotops of hydrogn. (3) Isotop 1 H 2 H 3 H numbr of protons numbr of nutrons numbr of lctrons
(c) Whn hydrogn burns in oxygn, hat nrgy is transfrrd to th surroundings. Stat th nam givn to a raction in which hat nrgy is transfrrd to th surroundings. (ii) Writ a chmical quation to rprsnt th raction that taks plac whn hydrogn burns in oxygn. (iii) Dscrib a chmical tst to show that th product is watr. (iv) Dscrib a physical tst to show that th product is pur watr. (Total for Qustion 2 = 15 marks)
3 This qustion is about bonding, structurs and proprtis. (a) Th box givs four typs of structur. giant covalnt iant ionici iant mtallic sim Th tabl shows som proprtis of four substancs, A, B, C and D. Complt th tabl by giving th corrct typ of structur for ach substanc. You may us ach structur onc, mor than onc or not at all. (4) Substanc Elctrical conductivity of th solid of th liquid Mlting point Typ of structur A poor poor low B poor poor high C good good high D poor good high
(b) Magnsium chlorid (MgCl 2 ) is an ionic compound. Th diagram shows th lctronic configurations of atoms of magnsium and chlorin. Mg Cl Dscrib how magnsium atoms and chlorin atoms form magnsium ions and chlorid ions. (3) (ii) Draw a diagram to rprsnt th lctronic configurations of ach of th ions in magnsium chlorid. Show th charg on ach ion. (3)
(c) A molcul of carbon dioxid contains doubl covalnt bonds. Complt th diagram, using dots and crosss, to show th arrangmnt of th outr lctrons in a molcul of carbon dioxid. O C O (d) Indium is a mtal in Group 3 of th Priodic Tabl. Dscrib th structur and bonding in indium. (3) (ii) Explain why indium is mallabl. (Total for Qustion 3 = 17 marks)
4 Th diagram shows th lctronic configuration of an atom of lmnt X. ky = nuclus = lctron (a) How many protons dos th nuclus of th atom contain? (ii) Which group of th Priodic Tabl contains lmnt X? Giv a rason for your choic. (iii) Giv th formula of th ion formd by lmnt X in its compounds.
(b) Elmnt X has thr isotops. Th tabl givs th mass numbr of ach isotop and its prcntag abundanc in a sampl of lmnt X. Mass numbr Prcntag abundanc (%) 24 79.0 25 10.0 26 11.0 Calculat th rlativ atomic mass (A r ) of lmnt X. Giv your answr to on dcimal plac. (3) rlativ atomic mass of X =... (Total for Qustion 4 = 7 marks)
5 Boron is an lmnt in Group 3 of th Priodic Tabl. An atom of boron can b rprsntd as 11 5B (a) Us numbrs from th box to complt th sntncs about this atom of boron. 3 5 6 11 16 Each numbr may b usd onc, mor than onc or not at all. Th atomic numbr of boron is... (ii) Th mass numbr of boron is... (iii) This atom of boron contains... protons. (iv) This atom of boron contains... nutrons. (v) This atom of boron contains... lctrons.
(b) Aluminium is anothr lmnt in Group 3 of th Priodic Tabl. Slct a word or phras from th box to complt ach sntnc about an atom of aluminium. fwr m th sam numbr of Each word or phras may b usd onc, mor than onc or not at all. Compard to an atom of boron, an atom of aluminium has... protons. (ii) Compard to an atom of boron, an atom of aluminium has... nutrons. (iii) Compard to an atom of boron, an atom of aluminium has... lctrons in its outr shll. (c) Th lctronic configuration of aluminium is A 2.3 B 2.2.3 C 2.2.8 D 2.8.3 (Total for Qustion 5 = 9 marks)