ification Taxonomy=the science of classifying living things Hierarchical system of ification Carl Linnaeus (1750 s) Father of ification Botanist Binomial names (Scientific Names) Latin Carl Linnaeus Rules of ification Rule #1 Livings things are sorted/classified by their physical characteristics (ex. outward appearance, internal structures, how the organism develops and matures, biological processes and evolutionary ancestry) Rule #2 Livings things are NOT classified by the environment they live in OR the behaviors that they exhibit. 1
Hierarchical System of ification Kingdom Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti (?) The 6 Kingdoms The 6 Kingdoms Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Unicellular Multicellular 2
Unicellular. No nucleus. Don t need oxygen to make energy. mold Unicellular. No nucleus. Some cause disease. Many Decomposers. Uni- and Multi-cellular. Nucleus. Auto - and Heterotrophs. Most have cell walls. Multicellular. Nucleus. Cell Wall of Chitin. Decomposers. Heterotrophic. Plants Multicellular. Nucleus. Cell Wall of Cellulose Autotrophic. Animals Multicelluar. Nucleus. Heterotrophic. No cell walls. The Animal Kingdom : Platyhelminthes Nematodes Annelids Enchinodermata Subphylum The Animal Kingdom : Platyhelminthes Nematodes Annelids Enchinodermata Subphylum Invertebrates Vertebrates 3
Mollusks & Arthropods Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids Enchinodermata Bivalvia Gastropoda Cephalopoda Arachnida Insecta Subphylum Crustacea Vertebrates Chordata Enchinodermata Subphylum Cephalopoda Gastropoda Bivalvia Arachnida Insecta Crustacea Fish : Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Reptilia Aves Birds Mammalia Dichotomous Keys Dichotomous - divided into two parts The key offers two choices at each step. A tool that allows users to identify items in the natural world (e.g. plants, animals, etc) 4
Insect ification Wings covered by an exoskeleton Wings not covered by an exoskeleton Body shape rounded Body shape elongated Wings point out to the side of body Wings points to the posterior of the body Thinking Tree Map for Plant ification Liggit;2003 ALL PLANTS Does the plant have true roots, stems, and leaves? NO YES Non-Vascular Vascular Does the plant reproduce with seeds? NO YES Without Seeds With Seeds Do the seeds have a fruit covering? NO YES Gymnosperm What form are the leaves? Angiosperm How many cotyledons? one two Without needles or scales With needles or scales Monocot Dicot 5
Scientific Names Binomial (two words) First word-genus A group of organisms that share similar characteristics The Genus is ALWAYS capitalized Second word-species Identifies a particular type of organism within the genus The species is ALWAYS lowercase **Both words are either underlined or italicized Rana palustris Pickerel Frog Scientific names are descriptive Spermofilus tridecemlineatus Spermofilus-Seed Love tridecemlineatus- 13 lines 13 lined ground squirrel Organisms named after the person who discovered it Courtney Latimer Latimeria chalumnae Coelacanth Organisms names reflects where it is common carolinensis (North & South Carolina) Parus carolinensis Black-capped Chickadee 6
Organisms in different genera can have the same species name Sorex cinereus Masked Shrew Plethodon cinereus Eastern Red-backed Salamander ification MR. H2O Metabolism Heredity Organization Reproduction Homeostasis 7