EAGLE Data Model and Outcomes of HELM (Harmonised European Land Monitoring) Contribution towards better land information harmonisation and INSPIRE compliance EAGLE working group Stephan Arnold, Barbara Kosztra, Geoff Smith, Lena Hallin-Pihlatie & Elise Järvenpää, Gebhard Banko, Michael Bock, Christoph Perger 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 1
CONTENT 1. Given situation 2. Criteria for data model 3. EAGLE concept and structure 4. EAGLE concept use case 5. HELM project 6. Next steps and future perspectives 7. HELM Road Map 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 2
A bread is a bread is a bread... 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 3
Object orientation: A bread is a bread is a bread... Classification Bread Bread Characterization Outer Appearence weight size shape Inner details grainsize density Ingredients salt wheat / rye water yiest E 510, Color light dark Other Characters Bio-certificate Gen-free Use Food, Alimentation 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 4
Grassland is grassland is grassland... Classifications Grassland = pasture = lawn = natural grassland Characterization Growth structure homogenous heterogenous Growth density closed sparse Moisture Wet soil Surface water Use Grazing Fodder mowing Sports Management Multiple mowing Single mowing Ecosystem type Inland marsh 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 5
Given situation in European Land Monitoring Diverse applications of LC/LU information => many classification systems and nomenclatures. Focus on different aspects of LC/LU, Different data collection methods, Different scales, Narrow tailored-to-purpose definitions, Incomparable precision/degree of class definitions, Lack of completeness for either LC and/or LU information. 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 6
Working conditions: Where we come from, what s ahead? Drivers for design of land related classification systems so far Specific user needs Constraints: Budget, Technical equipment, Data access => Typical example: CORINE Land Cover Enhanced data situation: Data access: SENTINEL generation ahead, opened LANDSAT archives, INSPIRE open data policies Technical advance: Data storage and processing capacities, spatial resolution => Technical circumstances enable long-term series analysis, extraction of parameterized land cover information 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 7
Criteria for LM data model Conceptual point of view Separation between LC and LU information (both can have different change dynamics), Mutually exclusive and comprehensive list of land cover components, Applicability on different scales, Applicability on national and European level Semantic translation between different classification systems, INSPIRE compliance, Support the bottom-up approach (national to European), Integration of parameters, Flexibility in structure for adding new model elements. 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 8
Criteria for LM data model Thematic content point of view Data model should store information about soil sealing degree, crown cover density, habitats / ecosystem types, crop types, land management forms and cultivation patterns, spatial pattern, status, temporal patterns, transitional phenomena Among others 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 9
Data model criteria cross table (Clipped extract, not completely shown) 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 10
Decomposing landscapes... 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 11
Content of EAGLE matrix Information on landscape described with three separate main blocks I.) LAND COVER Components LCC Abiotic (Artificial + Natural), Vegetation, Water Surfaces => no classes, but elements II.) LAND USE Attributes LUA Agriculture, Forestry, Residential, Transportation etc. III.) CHARACTERISTICS CH further information on: spatial pattern, bio-physical parameters, ecosystem types, cultivation measures, land management practices etc. 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 12
I. Land Cover Components [LCC] Describe real landscape elements from pure LC point of view. (Read Matrix from top to bottom.) 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 13
II. Land Use Attributes [LUA] Describe territory from pure LU point of view, according to function and socio-economic purpose, linked to INSPIRE (extract shown only) 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 14
III. further Characteristics [CH] Characterize landscape with additional properties, flexible extendable list (extract shown only) 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 15
Structure of EAGLE Matrix I. LCC block II. LUA block III. CH block CLC classes 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 16
Structure of the EAGLE data model (UML) 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 17
Structure of the EAGLE data model Description of Landscape with help of Land Cover Components (LCC), Land Use Attributes (LUA) and Characteristics (CH) CH -... -... + LC Unit (1..* LCC) LU Attributes ABIOTIC LCCs (Artificial/Natural) CH Characteristics BIOTIC LCCs (Vegetation) CH -... -... -... -... WATER LCCs + + + 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 18 CH -... -... -... -...
How to use EAGLE matrix: Describing wetland with EAGLE model Land cover components (LCC): Inland water Reeds Land use attributes (LUA): Nature protection site Recreational area Further characteristics (CH): Ecosystem type = inland marsh Recreational area Salinity = 0% (fresh water) Water regime = perennial Barbara Kosztra 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 19
How to use EAGLE matrix: Describing village with EAGLE model Land cover components (LCC): conventional buildings broadleaved trees herbaceous plants, open sealed surfaces Land use attributes (LUA): permanent residential agriculture/production for own consumption road network Gyorgy Büttner Further characteristics (CH): soil sealing degree = 35% built-up pattern = discontinuous, single houses 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 20
EAGLE key messages EAGLE matrix as semantic translation tool between classification systems and for analysis of semantic inconsistencies (gaps/overlaps) within or between class definitions EAGLE data model as conceptual basis for future European land monitoring system => COOKBOOK (list of ingredients): EAGLE concept is not another classification system but descriptive vehicle for harmonization of LC/LU information between national & European levels 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 21
EAGLE use case: ETC SIA Task 261_1_1 Enhancement of CLC nomenclature guidelines Given situation Mixture of LC, LU, other characteristics and thresholds in CLC definitions => difficulties to match national features types to European classes in a bottom-up CLC production process. Aim Enhance class definitions by checking for their content-wise and semantic consistency regarding semantic gaps and overlaps. Approach Identify and categorize the defining elements in CLC classes through semantic analysis. EAGLE matrix is used to decompose CLC classes to LCC, LUA, CH by using bar coding method. 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 22
EAGLE use case: ETC SIA Task 261_1_1 Enhancement of CLC nomenclature guidelines Example: CLC 111 Continuous urban fabric Areas mainly occupied by dwellings and buildings used by administrative/public utilities. Most of the land is covered by structures and the transport network. Buildings, roads and artificially surfaced areas cover more than 80 % of the total surface. Non-linear areas of vegetation and bare soil are exceptional. LC / LU / CH / Threshold 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 23
EAGLE use case: ETC SIA Task 261_1_1 Enhancement of CLC nomenclature guidelines Results New structure of CLC class definitions: - This heading is applicable / not applicable for expressing the applicable landscape situations and land uses - This heading includes / excludes expressing the relevant land cover components - Removal / re-arrangement of redundant text passages (extensions), resolving of contradictions Mid-term next step - Differentiate between mandatory class elements (LC, LU, Parameters) and optional class elements by giving weights. - Feedback from NRCs, - Revision of illustrative material (figures and fotos) 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 24
EAGLE plans and ideas I Foreseen further development of data model regarding - Temporal aspects: several time dimensions (long-term continuous trends, singular one-time changes, season/cyclic changes, altering/rhythmic changes ) future availability of high frequent multi-temporal imagery (LANDSAT_8, Sentinel_2) - Modeling structure: INSPIRE compliant (LC/LU) - Scale aspect: vertical concept for different level of details (LoD) - Refinement of matrix components (UML-classes), attributes and characteristics 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 25
EAGLE plans and ideas II Work Packages proposals for CEI detailed documentation of concept online tool for matrix population testing of matrix/model against national nomenclatures and real data physical model aggregation and generalization rules Closer conceptual exchange with ISO LCML / LCCS, CEN Synergetic requirements and cooperations between land monitoring and statistical community on national level? 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 26
What is HELM? FP7 project 2011-2013 Participants: authorities and experts in the field of land monitoring from 17 European countries Objectives: - Collection of best practices of land monitoring - Roadmap towards Harmonised European Land Monitoring 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 27
Integration scheme of European Land Monitoring Framework [C O P E R N I C U S] European & Global Level CLC Urban Atlas HR Layers LPIS LUCAS EAGLE concept National & Sub-National Level National (A) Land Monitoring Regional (a) Land Monitoring National CLC Regional (b) Land Monitoring National (B) Land Monitoring 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 28
Grid Approach Two options to represent land: Option 1: delineation of identified units with polygons Option 2: proportion of LC/LU units inside regular grid cell 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 29
Grid Approach, Raster versus Grid Original Raster: 1 (dominant) single value per pixel + + + + Grid: multiple layer data (%, abs.) stored in every grid cell... 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 30
Grid Approach Grid cells can be populated with any kind of data: - LC/LU information - Population register (pop density, commutors, unemployment rate etc.) 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 31
Preconditions Administrative matters Full & contiunuous user consultation process from national to European level Existence of (European) stakeholder who takes the lead and national counterparts Sustainable funding mechanism and legal framework Open data policy Long-term planning pave way for short-term actions
Preconditions Technical/Scientific matters INSPIRE compliance Development of modern techniques to handle variety among countries A dual track system where MS can proceed differently according the availability of relevant data Semantic/nomenclature data model EAGLE data model Polygons/grids Geometric GRID approach Timing/repeat frequencies of data gathering synchronisation (LUCAS/CLC) Backwards compatibility to CORINE LC Provision of guidance and common tools (a cook book )
The HELM Roadmap Production of Pan-European datasets should be based on nationally produced LM data to ensure quality and compatibility of the data as well as resource-efficiency Users are most effectively be involved through continuous collaboration and participation Balance between European level harmonization and autonomy of MS must be preserved Copernicus programme provides a platform to put HELM concept into action (WP 2014 states support EAGLE/HELM future development ) Horizon 2020 provides a potential framework for funding of further development towards implementation of HELM roadmap 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 34
Publications HELM project brochure Compilation of task reports (short versions) as result of FP7 project HELM Harmonised European Land Monitoring Within there: Report on Task 4.3 Enhancing the European Land Monitoring System collection of criteria for a future data model Posters EARSeL Workshop SIG LC/LU, 17.-18. March 2014, Berlin (2x) - Kosztra; Arnold; Järvenpää; Törmä: The EAGLE concept paradigm shift in European land monitoring. Move from CORINE Land Cover towards a new harmonized approach of object-oriented landscape mapping. - Perger; Banko; Martinez; Delgado; Kosztra; Arnold: object-oriented data model for temporal land cover phenomena 19.06.2014 HELM / EAGLE, INSPIRE Conference, Aalborg 35
Publications Symposium proceedings S. Arnold, B. Kosztra, G. Banko, G. Smith, G. Hazeu, M. Bock, N. Valcarcel-Sanz (2013): The EAGLE concept - A vision of a future European Land Monitoring Framework. In: Lasaponara R., Masini N., Biscione M. (Editors): EARSeL Symposium proceedings 2013, "Towards Horizon 2020". (The original publication can be found in the EARSeL symposium s proceedings of 2013) Book chapters (proposal submitted upon invitation, in preparation) - Arnold; Banko; Perger; Kosztra; Soukup; Bock; Hazeu; Smith: The EAGLE concept paradigm shift in land monitoring In: Ahlqvist et al (ed.): Land Use and Land Cover Semantics - Principles, Best Practices and Prospects - Strand; Arnold: CLC in the context of INSPIRE - Several EAGLEs: Future of European Land Monitoring (working title) In: Feranec; Soukup; Hazeu; Jaffrain (ed. / to be published in 2015): European landscape dynamics: CORINE land cover data (working title) 19.06.2014 HELM / EAGLE, INSPIRE Conference, Aalborg 36
For more information www.fp7helm.eu The HELM Project-booklet: HELM - Harmonised European Land Monitoring: Findings and Recommendations of the HELM Project. sia.eionet.europa.eu/eagle eagle@geo-concept.de 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 37
Thank you for your attention! IV HELM meeting 2-4 October 2012, Espoo Finland 25.06.2014 UK Land Cover Workshop, Leicester 38