GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, PARTICIPATORY MODELING, & DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY Katharine Travaline, Alex Waldman, & Franco Montalto, PhD September 27, 2011 Philadelphia Low Impact Development Symposium
Introduction Clean Water Act P e o p l e
Introduction Deliberative Theories of Democracy Deliberative Policy Analysis Computer Modeling Participatory Modeling Deliberative Policy Analysis + Participatory Modeling GI Implementation
Agenda Case Study Data Collection/Generation Theoretical Framework Points where principles converge Challenges Policy Implications
Participatory Modeling Case Study Green City, Clean Waters Green Infrastructure Study agent-based model conceptual designs
Data Collection/Generation Participant-observation 20-month period > 30 meetings & events Purposive Sampling Questionnaires 70 residents preferences, concerns, and interest GI Interviews 13 Semi-structured Countless Unstructured Purposive Sampling Community Street Fair Booth attended by > 40 local residents Policy Official Outreach 5 local agencies 1 local councilmember 1 state representative 2 state departments 1 regional agency
Data Collection/Generation (cont d) Community Meetings 2 meetings with almost 50 residents charettes, asset mapping, and other activities (e.g. brainstorming, voting, and ranking)
Data Collection/Generation (cont d) Community Meetings (cont d)
Modeling Yards, Parks, & Impervious Surfaces
Modeling (cont d) Vacant Lots and Buildings
Modeling (cont d) Sample Block Modeling
Modeling (cont d) Decision Tree SINGLE PARCEL DECISION TREE DETAIL
Iterative Process Data Generation Modeling Next Step?...Mediated Modeling with Community
Theoretical Framework Environmental Political Theory Environmental Modeling Debate & Discussion Theories of Deliberative Democracy & Deliberative Policy Analysis Preference Revision Legitimacy of Outcomes/ Justification to all Affected Participatory Modeling (Companion Modeling/ Mediated Modeling/ Collaborative Modeling) Collaborative Stakeholder Modeling Informed Process Scenarios Enhance Understanding & Facilitate Decision- Making
Points where principles converge Involvement at all stages Problem identification Knowledge Scientific information, local knowledge, values Learning Iterative process Context-dependent Adaptive/Flexible process Reflexive No a priori hypotheses
Synergy with Neighborhood Improvement Goals: Which of these neighborhood improvement goals do you think could be benefitted by a Green Infrastructure Program? 100% (Percentage out of 66 residents who completed the questionnaire) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Green Infrastructure Preferences: Which of the following examples of green infrastructure approaches do you see as best suited for your neighborhood? (Percentage out of 66 residents who completed the questionnaire) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Rain Barrels, or Rainwater Harvesting/Urban Agriculture Permeable Pavements Street Trees, or Stormwater Tree Pits Rain Gardens (in yards, sidewalks, or underutilized public spaces)
Challenges: Methodological Methodological Presuppositions Data & Methods Legitimacy
Challenges: Methodological (cont d) Points where principles may conflict Communicative Rationality Authentic Deliberation Instrumental Rationality Representative Democracy engaging the public in discursive action the strategic pursuit of goals and interests
Challenges: Methodological (cont d) Quantifying and statistically analyzing social factors Will voices get muted in the process? Will power relations get obscured? A priori assumptions Impacts of Inclusion and Exclusion
Challenges: Meaningful Participatory Process Time & Money Representation Involvement at all stages Responsibility without authority Politics Model as a black box
Challenges: Meaningful Participatory Process (cont d) Neighborhood Concerns poverty, crime, unemployment Collaboration Concerns intra-community collaboration government-community collaboration
Policy Implications Macro- vs. Micro-Deliberative Processes Complexity & Uncertainty Process over Outcome
Policy & Practical Implications Deliberative Principles Policy Practice 1. Recognition and Acknowledgement of Different Meanings 2. Deeper Understanding of Differences 3. Recognize and Foster Agreement
Participatory Modeling Case Study Participatory Modeling Uncertainty & Complexity Understanding Decision-Making
For more on participatory modeling Session 43 City Planning II Managing uncertainty and complexity in the development of a green infrastructure program through stakeholder participation: participatory agent based modeling and simulation of green infrastructure emergence in Point Breeze Franco Montalto, Drexel University Today @ 1:45 pm
Thank You! Questions?