STRUCTURED (100 marks) STRUKTUR (100 markah) Instruction: This sction consists of 5 structurd qustions. Answr 4 qustions only Arahan: Bahagian ini mngandungi 5 soalan struktur. Jawab 4 soalan sahaja. QUESTION 1 SOALAN 1 Ptrolum consists of an arrangmnt of a vry long hydrocarbon chain. Ptrolum trdiri daripada susunan rantai idrokarbon yang panjang. i. Dfin th maning of ptrolum. Bri dfinisi ptrolum. (3 marks) (3 markah) (b) ii. List FOUR (4) basic groups of hydrocarbon. Snaraikan EMPAT (4) kumpulan asas idrokarbon. ydrocarbons can b dividd into two main familis which ar aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Stat TWO (2) diffrncs btwn aliphatic and aromatic togthr with th structur formula. idrokarbon bolh dibahagikan kpada dua kluarga utama iaitu hidrokarbon alifatik dan aromatik. Bri DUA (2) prbzaan diantara alifatik dn aromatic brsama dngan formula strukturnya. Isomrs ar compounds with th sam molcular formula but diffrnt structural formulas. Draw th C 4 8 isomr. Isomr mrupakan komponn yang mmpunyaiformula molkul yang sama ttapi brlainan formula struktur. Lukiskan isomr C 4 8. (4 marks) (4 markah) [8 marks] [8 markah] 2 SULIT
Nam th hydrocarbon compound blow basd on IUPAC systm. Namakan sbatian hidrokarbon di bawah brdasarkan sistm IUPAC. i) ii) 3 C C 3 (iii) C C C C C C C C C QUESTION 2 SOALAN 2 Organic and inorganic thoris ar th main thoris dvlopd on th origin of ptrolum. Explain brifly ach of ths thoris. Tori organik dan bukan organik adalah tori-tori utama bagi pmbntukan ptrolum. Trangkan dngan jlas stiap tori trsbut. 3 SULIT
(b) Ptrolum trap ar dividd into two typs. Stat TWO (2) typs of trap. Prangkap ptrolum dibahagikan kpada dua jnis. Nyatakan DUA(2) jnis prangkap trsbut. Rsrvoir driv mchanism is important for ptrolum production procss. List TREE (3) typs of rsrvoir driv mchanism. Mkanisma pmacu takungan adalah sangat pnting bagi pross pnghasilan ptrolum. Snaraikan TIGA(3) jnis mkanisma pmacu takungan. Swivl and klly ar on of th most important tools in oil wll drilling procss. Discuss th function of ths tools. Swivl dan Klly adalah salah satu alat yang pnting didalam pross pnggrudian tlaga minyak. Bincangkan fungsi alatan ini. () (f) Mud is usd as a drilling fluid for th drilling procss of ptrolum rsrvoir. Dscrib FIVE (5) functions of mud in drilling procss. Lumpur digunakan sbagai plincir dalam pross pnggrudian takungan ptrolum. Trangkan LIMA(5) fungsi lumpur di dalam pross pnggrudian. Guid sho and cntralizr ar usd in th procss to install th casing in oil wll. Explain th function of ths tools. Kasut pandu dan pmusat digunakan dalam pross pmasangan slongsong didalam tlaga minyak. Trangkan fungsi alatan-alatan ini. [5 marks] [5 markah] 4 SULIT
(g) Th wllhad is usd to dtrmin and controlling th flow of fluid from oil wll. List TREE (3) componnts in wll had. Kpala tlaga digunakan untuk mnntu dan mngawal aliran bndalir daripada tlaga minyak. Snaraikan TIGA(3) komponn didalam kpala tlaga. QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 Explain TREE (3) catgoris of natural gas. Trangkan TIGA(3) katgori gas asli. [6 marks] [6 markah] (b) Stat FOUR (4) factors that nd to b takn into considration in dsigning a gas procssing plant. Nyatakan EMPAT(4) faktor yang prlu diambil prhatian didalam mrkabntuk loji pmprossan gas. List FIVE (5) main procss unit in gas procssing plant. Snaraikan LIMA (5) unit pross yang utama didalam loji pmprossan gas. Thr ar two parts of inlt sparator, which ar top drum and bottom drum. Stat th function of both parts. [5 marks] [5 markah] Trdapat dua bahagian pmisah masukkan iaitu top drum dan bottom drum. Nyatakan fungsi kdua-dua bahagian. 5 SULIT
() Idntify FOUR (4) products mad by crud oil distillation. Knalpasti EMPAT(4) produk yang trhasil daripada pnyulingan minyak mntah. (f) Explain brifly th Rflux and Rboiling in crud oil distillation. Tntukan Rflux dan Rboiling di dalam pnyulingan minyak mntah. QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 Writ chmical formula of MTBE. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi MTBE. [1 mark] [1 markah] (b) Stat TREE (3) advantags of MTBE as gasolin blnding componnt. Nyatakan TIGA(3) kbaikan MTBE sbagai komponn ptrol yang tradun. Basd on Figur 1, list Unit 01 to Unit 08 of th flow procss for MTBE production. Brdasarkan Rajah 1, snaraikan Unit 01 shingga Unit 08 bagi gambarajah aliran pnghasilan MTBE. 6 SULIT
isobutan Mthanol SULIT polypropyln product Frsh Propans Mixtur UNIT 01 propyln isobutyln UNIT 02 Mthanol UNIT 03 MTB E Product raffinat UNIT 04 L isobutan - rich UNIT 05 raffinat Frsh Butans Mixtur UNIT 06 isobutan - rich normal butan raffinat UNIT 07 UNIT 01 Pntans Mixtur Sid Product To Ful Gas Systm UNIT 08 E Oxygnats To Ful Gas Systm FIGURE 1 : MTBE PLANT / RAJA 1: LOJI MTBE [8 marks] [8 markah] Dscrib th function of complt saturation unit in MTBE plant. uraikan fungsi unit ktpuan lngkap di dalam loji MTBE. () Dtrmin th function of Qunch Towr in Ethyln Plant. Tntukan fungsi Qunch Towr di dalam Loji Etilna. [1 mark] [1 markah] (f) What is th function of polymrisation in Polythyln Plant? Apakah fungsi pmpolimran di dalam Loji Politilna? [1 mark] [1 markah] 7 SULIT
(g) Ammonia is producd undr prssur by th raction of hydrogn and nitrogn. Complt Figur 2 by stating th procss of Unit 1 to Unit 12 in Ammonia plant. Ammonia dihasilkan mlalui tindakbalas hidrogn dan nitrogn di bawah tkanan. Lngkapkan Rajah 2 dngan mnyatakan pross Unit 1 shingga Unit 12 di dalam loji Ammonia. Figur 2: Ammonia Plant / Rajah 2 : Loji Ammonia [6 marks] [6 markah] (h) Idntify TWO (2) usags of Ammonia. Knalpasti DUA (2) pnggunaan Ammonia. [2markah] 8 SULIT
(i) Show in dtail th balanc quation to produc Ura. Tunjukkan dngan lngkap prsamaan ksimbangan bagi pnghasilan Ura. [1 mark] [1 markah] QUESTION 5 SOALAN 5 Thr ar TREE (3) chmicals usd in watr tratmnt procss. Dtrmin ths TREE (3) chmicals with thir functions. Trdapat TIGA (3) bahan kimia yang digunakan di dalam pross rawatan air. Tntukan TIGA (3) bahan kimia trsbut dan fungsinya. (b) Watr has to b tratd bfor bing usd. Dscrib TWO (2) purpos of watr tratmnt. Air prlulah di rawat sblum digunakan. Trangkan DUA(2) tujuan rawatan air. Diffrntiat Flar systm with Blowdown systm. Nyatakan prbzaan diantara sistm Flar dan Blowdown. List TREE (3) typs of flar systms. Snaraikan TIGA(3) jnis sistm Flar. 9 SULIT
C3 () (f) Plant air and Instrumnt air systm is vry important in vry plant. Sktch th complt flow diagram for ths systms. Sistm Angin Loji dan Angin Alatan mrupakan sistm yang pnting bagi stiap loji. Lakarkan gambarajah aliran yang lngkap bagi sistm ini. igh Prssur Flar Systm is on of th flar systms in plant. Explain th opration of igh Prssur Flar Systm. Sistm Suar Brtkanan Tinggi mrupakan salah satu sistm suar di dalam loji. Trangkan oprasi Sistm Suar Brtkanan Tinggi ini. [5 marks] [5 markah] [8 marks] [8 markah]... SOALAN TAMAT 10 SULIT