Higher Tier 5 7 Test Name Class 1 a Fibre and starch are made from the same chemicals but provide different parts of a balanced diet. i What type of nutrient or food substance is starch? What is formed by the digestion of starch? b Not all the substances that we eat or drink are good for our bodies. Name one substance that we can drink, which may be harmful. c The product of digestion of starch is used in respiration, which occurs in the cells of our bodies. i Write the word equation for the respiration reaction that occurs in our cells to release energy. + + 2 Compounds are formed by the combustion of elements. a What compounds are formed when each of the following burn in air? Write the name and formula for each compound. i carbon name formula hydrogen name formula i magnesium name formula b You are given an unlabelled test tube containing a colourless gas and you are asked to find out what gas is present. Describe the tests to show if each of the following gases is present. i oxygen Page 1 of 7 9 Pearson Education Limited 2002
hydrogen i carbon dioxide 3 Neris was investigating the current in a circuit containing a number of switches, bulbs and ammeters. a Three of the results Neris obtained are given in the table. Estimate her fourth result. A 1 Number of bulbs switched on Current in ammeter A 1 (A) 1 0.16 2 0.3 3 0.42 4 b Neris has all four switches closed and the bulbs are lit. On the circuit diagram: i Draw in an ammeter labelled A 4 that has the same reading as A 3. Draw in an ammeter labelled A 5 that has the same reading as A 2. c Neris replaced one of the bulbs by a variable resistor. Draw the symbol for a variable resistor. A 3 A 2 Page 2 of 7 10 Pearson Education Limited 2002
4 a Complete the ray diagram to show the ray of light from the torch bulb hitting the mirror and reflecting off it. mirror bulb b Draw an X on the diagram to show where your eye must be for you to see the image of the torch bulb. c When white light travels through a glass prism it is bent and broken up into colours. i Put the colours in the box in the correct order starting with the colour that is bent the most and ending with the one that is bent the least. blue green red yellow Complete the drawing below to show a ray of white light passing into and through the glass. Do not show it emerging from the glass. 5 In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey reproduced what it was like in the Earth s atmosphere millions of years ago. For a week they sparked lightning through a mixture of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapour contained in a sealed flask. They found that four different amino acids were formed. Amino acids are molecules that join together to make protein, which is a building block of living things. a Which substance in the mixture is an element? Page 3 of 7 11 Pearson Education Limited 2002 Pearson Education Limited 2002
b What is the source of energy for the chemical changes that occurred in the Earth s atmosphere in the sealed flask? c i What part of our diet could have been made in the Earth s atmosphere millions of years ago? Stanley Miller and Harold Urey said that their experiment showed how life could have started on Earth millions of years ago. What group of substances is their evidence for this? In ancient times people believed that life could arise spontaneously, or from nothing living, such as maggots from dead animals and eels from the ooze of rivers. A famous experiment to show that life did not start out of nothing was done by Abbé Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729 1799). He showed that if he boiled broth and sealed it from air, while it was boiling, bacteria never grew in it; but as soon as air was let in clumps of bacterial growth began to appear. Louis Pasteur (1822 1895) carefully repeated the experiments and confirmed that the cause of the clumps of bacterial growth was tiny bacteria getting in from the air. Until Pasteur repeated and confirmed Spallanzani s experiments, the scientists of the time still thought that living bacteria spontaneously appeared from the chemicals in broth. d Originally it was argued that Spallanzani s experiments were not reliable. What made them become reliable? e How could Spallanzani s critics have used Miller and Urey s results to argue that Spallanzani s conclusion was wrong? Page 4 of 7 12 Pearson Education Limited 2002
f Zacharias Jannsen invented the microscope in 1590. How could a powerful microscope have helped Spallanzani to prove his conclusion? 6 A circuit for an electric bell is shown below. cell pivot springy metal gong contact armature a Describe why the bell works when the circuit is completed. [3 marks] Page 5 of 7 13 Pearson Education Limited 2002
b The graphs show information about human hearing. Sound level (decibels) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 threshold of hearing Frequency (Hz) threshold of pain human speech threshold of audibility for older person 1000 Hz i What is the approximate threshold of pain for a human ear? What is the lowest sound level that can be heard by an older person? c How does the threshold of hearing change for the average person, as the frequency of the sound increases? 7 Limestone is a sedimentary rock that reacts with acid to form carbon dioxide. Sedimentary rock forms metamorphic rock during Earth movements. a What are the two conditions for the formation of metamorphic rock? i b i What is the name of the metamorphic rock formed from limestone? What happens to this metamorphic rock if it is added to acid? Page 6 of 7 14 Pearson Education Limited 2002
8 The diagram shows the pyramid of numbers for a grassland community in the USA. 3 333 000 704 000 5 840 000 a How many herbivores are present in this pyramid of numbers? b What is the ratio of tertiary consumers to secondary consumers? c Ten more top predators move into this habitat. i What effect will this have on the other consumers in the habitat? In the following few years what will probably happen to the numbers of top predators? Explain the reason for your answer. Page 7 of 7 15 Pearson Education Limited 2002