Name Period HONORS CHEMISTRY FINAL REVIEW Final Exam: approximately 75 multiple choice questions (scantron) worth 20% of your semester grade Ch.3 - Scientific Measurement Ch. 1 & 2 - Matter and Change Ch. 4 & 6 - Atomic Structure Ch. 25 - Nuclear Chemistry Ch. 9 - Naming Compounds Ch. 10 - The Mole Ch. 11 Chemical Reactions On the final exam day, you will need: a pencil with a good eraser a scientific calculator On the final exam day, you will be given: a periodic table scrap paper Study Tips: 1) Complete the review packet. 2) Find all old tests and quizzes. Read them, study them, and correct mistakes. 3) Read and highlight important topics in your notes. 4) Make a list of things you must memorize for the final: equations (density, radioactivity, avogadro s number, etc.) polyatomic ions, vocabulary.
Chapter 3: Scientific Measurement Perform the following conversions: a. How many kilometers are in 22.4 cm? 2.24x10-4 b. How many microliters are in 5.662 L? 5.662x10 6 c. How many milligrams are in 3.4 ng? 3.4x10-6 d. How many nanometers are in 230 cm? 2.3x10 9 Perform the following temperature conversions: a. 36ºC = 309 K c. 962K = 689 ºC b. 112 ºC = _385 K d. 1134K = 861 ºC Determine how many sig figs are in each number: a. 3300.2 5 c. 0.00005003 4 e. 10,000 1 b. 2,000,000 _1 d. 30 1 f. 400.0 4 Using the rules of significant figures, calculate the following: a. 22.44 + 3.8 _26.2 c. 12.6 x 0.53 _6.7 e. 6.112 x 7.1 43 b. 672.55 3.18 669.37 d. 298.4/0.6 500 f. 25.36-4.15 _21.21 Put the following numbers in standard scientific notation: a. 357 3.57x10 2 c. 0.000403 4.03x10-4 b. 238,000 2.38x10 5 d. 510,000,000 _5.1x10 8 What is accuracy? What is precision? Look at the dart boards below. Determine if the person has good accuracy or precision. (Circle all that apply) accuracy accuracy accuracy precision precision precision What is the formula used to calculate density? d = m/v What is the density of a metal that weighs 24.888g and displaces 2.810mL of water? 8.857g/mL What is the mass of a substance with a volume of 56.0mL and a density of 23.1g/mL? 1290g What is the volume of a substance that weighs 15.8g and has a density of 0.81g/mL? 20.mL
Use dimensional analysis to convert 32.8 in to nanometers (1 in = 2.54cm) 8.33x10 8 nm Ch. 1 & 2 Matter & Energy What is a physical change? What is a chemical change? Identify each of the following as a physical(p) or chemical(c) change: a. iron metal is melted p c. burning wood c e. water evaporating _p b. iron rusts c d. breaking a pencil p f. dissolving Kool-aid p What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures? Identify each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogeneous mixture: Potting soil hetero window glass homo Aluminum metal element your sock drawer hetero List the seven diatomic elements: Define heat: Define specific heat: Convert the following: 63.4 cal = 265 J 833 J = 199 cal How much energy (in joules) is required to heat a piece of aluminum weighing 1.30g from 25.0 o C to 46.0 o C? 24.3J Ch. 4 & 6: Atomic Structure List the three parts of an atom. Include their location, charge, and relative mass. Subatomic Particle Location Charge Relative Mass Proton Nucleus +1 1 Neutron nucleus 0 1 electron Electron cloud -1 0 Which two subatomic particles contribute to an atom s mass? proton & neutron
Complete the following atom table: Symbol Atomic Number Mass Protons Electrons Neutrons S 16 32 16 16 16 Ba 56 137 56 56 81 K 19 39 19 19 20 Hg 80 201 80 80 121 Mg 12 24 12 12 12 Complete the following isotope table: Isotope Name Cu-65 Po-210 U-234 C-14 Isotope Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Symbol Number 65 Cu 29 65 29 36 Complete the following ion table: Atom 210 84 Po 84 210 84 126 234 U 92 234 92 142 14 C 6 14 6 8 # Electrons (atom) change in e- # electrons (ion) Formula Ion Name O 8 Gains 2 10 O -2 Oxide F 9 Gain1 10 F -1 Fluoride Ba 56 Lose 2 54 Ba +2 Barium ion K 19 Lose 1 18 K + Potassium ion Al 13 Lose 3 10 Al +3 Aluminum ion Cl 17 Gain1 18 Cl - chloride Ca 20 Lose 2 18 Ca +2 calcium ion Elements in group 1A(1) are called: Elements in group 2A(2) are called: Elements in group 7A(17) are called: Elements in group 8A(18) are called: alkali metals alkaline earth metals halogens noble gases Where are the inner transition metals located on the periodic table? bottom 2 rows Give 3 examples of transition metals:,, Give 3 examples of inner transition metals:,, Cations are atoms that have lost electrons. They have a positive charge. Anions are atoms that have gain electrons. They have a negative charge.
Calculate the atomic mass for an element that has the following isotopes: S-32 (95.02%) S-33 (0.75%) S-34 (the rest of the time) 32.10 Ch 25: Nuclear Chemistry What is radioactivity? Write the correct symbol for each type of radioactive decay: Alpha Emission: 4 He_or α Beta Emission: _ -1 e or β Positron Emission: +1 e or β + Gamma Emission: γ Which type of decay consists of pure energy released from the nucleus? γ Show the alpha and gamma emission of Ra-222: 222 Rn 218 Ra + α + γ Show the beta decay of C-14: 14 C 14 N + β Show the positron and gamma reaction of O-18: 18 _O β + + 18 N + γ Cu-66 converts to Zn-66 through what type of emission? Show your work. β Describe the type of materials needed to shield each type of radiation: ALPHA paper & clothing BETA wood & Al GAMMA Pb & concrete What is the resulting atom made from the following transmutations? 246 18 a. Am + O ---------) 260 Lr + 4 ( 1 n) 0 b. 9 Be + 4 He ---------) 12 C + _ 1 n The half-life of Sr-90 is 80 days. Calculate the amount remaining of a 250g sample after 560 days have passed. 1.95 How much Po-210 remains if 8.0 grams of Po-210 decays over 690 days? The half-life of Po-210 is 136 days. 0.25
What is half-life? What is the half-life when 12.0g of an isotope decays into 0.75g over a period of 340 days? 85 days What is fusion? What is fission? Ch. 9 Nomenclature Name the following compounds. *Use roman numerals when appropriate. a. NaF sodium fluoride b. Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 calcium bicarbontae c. PbO _lead(ii) oxide d. Fe 3 N 2 iron(iii) nitride e. KNO 2 _potassium nitrite f. Sr 3 (PO 4 ) 2 strontium phosphate i. AgClO 2 _silver chlorite j. KOH _potassium hydroxide k. BaC 2 O 4 _barium oxalate l. SnSO 4 _tin(ii) sulfate Write formulas for the following ionic compounds: a. lithium phosphide _Li 3 P b. chromium (VI) sulfite _Cr(SO 3 ) 3 c. barium nitrate Ba(NO 3 ) 2 d. silver chloride _AgCl e. aluminum selenide Al 2 Se 3 f. copper(i) oxalate _Cu 2 C 2 O 4 g. zinc iodide ZnI 2 h. manganese(vii) nitride _Mn 3 N 7 Name or write the formula of the following molecular compounds: a. N 2 O 5 dinitrogen pentaoxide b. PO 8 phosphorus octaoxide c. CO carbon monoxide d. S 3 O 6 trisulfur hexaoxide e. carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 f. tribromine nonaiodide Br 3 I 9
Name or write the formula for these acids: HClO 3 chloric acid H 2 SO 3 _sulfurous acid hydrophosphoric acid _H 3 P phosphorous acid _H 3 PO 3 HBr hydrobromous acid Know organic compound names and formulas (alkanes) Ch. 10 The Mole Define each of the following: gram molar mass mole Avagadro s number Percent composition Empicial formula 1 mole = 22.4 L, molar mass, 6.02x10 23 particles Determine the mass of one mole of each of the following: K = 39 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 = 116 H 2 SO 4 = 98 Al(NO 3 ) 3 = 213 How many sodium ions are in 117g of sodium oxide? 2.27x10 24 ion How many atoms of zinc are in 9.3g? 8.6x10 22 atoms What are the mass percents of each element in iron(iii) acetate heptahydrate? Fe = 15.6%, C = 20.1%, H = 6.4%, O = 57.9% Determine the molecular formula of the compound with an empirical formula of CH and a formula mass of 78.110g. C 6 H 6
Ch. 11 Writing and Balancing Reactions You must know your FORMULAS of any possible compound; ionic, molecular, organic, or acid 1. Write and balance the following reactions: a. propane gas burns in oxygen 3CO 2 + 4H 2 O b. magnesium and sulfuric acid mix MgSO 4 + H 2 c. sodium metal reacts with water 2NaOH + H 2 d. silver carbonate is heated Ag 2 O + CO 2 e. tin(+2) is dropped in water no reaction f. sodium carbonate and barium chlorate mix BaCO 3 + 2NaClO 3 g. ammonium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid mix NH 4 Br + H 2 O h. phosphorus combines with magnesium metal Mg 3 P 2 g. aluminum hydroxide is heated Al 2 O 3 + 3H 2 O i. lithium reacts with barium carbonate Li 2 CO 3 + Ba