Aerosol Measurements at Sonnblick Anne Kasper-Giebl Dietmar Wagenbach (per pro.) Institut für Umweltphysik, Univ. Heidelberg, Presently at Klima und Umweltphysik, Univ. Bern
I Time series of aerosol measurements at Sonnblick ALPTRAC CARBOSOL Sulphate Ammonium Nitrate long term measurements comprise a series of filter measurements and chemical analysis for inorganic ions as well as, for a more limited time period, also organic species furthermore CP-count, data of an Optical Particle Counter (OPC) and recently aerosol mass are available Mean seasonal sulphate cycle OPC: specifically selected, robust device, deployed in ice core research world wide
II Time series of CP-count and selected main aerosol constituents Anne Kasper-Giebl - particle concentration (cm -3 ) 1750 N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 CPC monthly average CPC weekly average Sulphate monthly average Sulphate weekly average Total Carbon monthly average Cond. Particles Sulphate Tot. Carbon N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F 0,0 2005 2006 2007 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 SO 4 2- & TC (µg/m 3 ) Aerosolmessungen am Sonnblick
III Installation of a whole air inlet for aerosol sampling in October 2012 Comparison old versus new air intake system : Cond. Particle Counts CP-count [cm -3 ] Matzl (2013) Obviously no large diffusional effects Still waiting for comparison via optical particle counter (inertial effects).
IV Monitoring of long range transport Saharan Dust Post Saharan dust event situation at Sonnblick
IV Monitoring of long range transport Saharan Dust (Feb.-May 2013) Optical Particle counts Condensation Particle counts Determination of saharan dust events based on the method described by Collaud Coen (2004) for Jungfraujoch Would a kind of coarseness factor derived from optical particle data do the job as well?
IV Monitoring of long range transport Saharan Dust Kasper-Giebl et al (2013)
Supplement: Boden Atmosphäre Atmospheric Radon-Cycle Radon ( 222 Rn) Uran Zerfallsprodukte Radium Radon T 1/2 4,5 Milliarden Jahre Aerosol-Partikel 210 Pb (T 1/2 :22 Jahre ) 214 Po Spurengas T 1/2 3,8 Tage
The Working Hypotheses The 222 Rn - 210 Pb system may constitute a relatively simple surrogate for the continental cycle of secondary aerosol. For the secondary aerosol system in question this would imply a: similarly, uniform spatio-temporal source distribution and, an overall live time against gas particle transformation in the order of 5.5d
Principal drivers of atmospheric Radon-222 changes at Sonnblick Radon-222 1) Large scale continental pile up Indicator for site continentality Lead-210 2) Regionale accumulation within boundary layer Indicator for local vertical mixing intensity East West Rn-222
Sonnblick Radonzeitreihen 2003-2012 2 normierte Aktivität 1 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Jahr Seasonal cycle clearly dominates overall variability
Jahresmittel der Radonzeitreihen 2004-2011 1.6 1.4 Rn-Aktivität [Bq/m 3 ] 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Jahr inter-annuale variability relatively low meteorol. reasons: continentally and/or enhanced convection?
Mittlerer Radon Jahresgang 2003-2012 3.0 2.5 Aktivität [Bq/m 3 ] 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Jan Feb Mär Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Jan
Comparison of diurnal Radon and particle cycles
214 Po [Bq/m 3 ] Heidelberger Radon-Monitor inter-site comparison 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Sommer Jahresmittelwert 2006 Winter Why is the Zugspitze level out of expected west-east trend? 0.5 0.0 Jungfraujoch Zugspitze Sonnblick
Jahresgang der Radon Zeitreihen in monatlicher Auflösung Sonnblick 3 Bq/m 3 Zugspitze Bq/m 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 Jungfraujoch 3 Bq/m 3 2 1 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009? artefacts?
Condensation Particle counts Sonnblick versus Jungfraujoch: Another artefact? Sonnblick Jungfraujoch (Koller & Kasper-Giebl)
Bq/m 3 5 4 3 2 Sonnblick Synoptic scale Radon-222 variation summer 2006 1 Bq/m 3 0 5 4 3 2 Zugspitze concurrent inter-site features 1 0 Bq/m 3 5 4 3 2 1 0 Jungfraujoch? Apr May Jun Jul 2006
Organic aerosol record at Sonnblick (CARBOSOL-Study) 8 7 OC filter Low pass filter 6 OC [µgc/m³] 5 4 3 2 1 0 Jun 02 Sep 02 Dez 02 Mrz 03 Jun 03 Sep 03 Dez 03 Mrz 04 Jun 04 Sep 04 2003 2004 To what extent is this variability driven by atmospheric transport rather than source/sink changes? Look at the Radon deday product Lead-210
Organic aerosol record at Sonnblick Organisches Aerosol (Pio et al.2006) OC [µgc/m³] 8 7 6 5 4 3 OC filter Low pass filter 2 1 0 Jun 02 Sep 02 Dez 02 Mrz 03 Jun 03 Sep 03 Dez 03 Mrz 04 Jun 04 Sep 04 Radon-222 decay product 1.4 1.2 1.0 210 Pb Low pass filter 210 Pb-Aerosol (Hammer et al.2006) 210 Pb activity (mbq/m 3 ) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2003 2004 Sep 02 Dez 02 Mrz 03 Jun 03 Sep 03 Dez 03 Mrz 04 Jun 04 Sep 04
The Winter 2012 Radon Mistery Typical long term level near ground
The Winter 2012 Radon Mistery Typical long term level near ground Cold spell, winter 2012
delayed by ca. 15h Sonnblick compared to Zugspitze! Zugspitze
222 Rn Rel.deviation Δ CO Comparison to Carbonmonoxid in that period
Conclusions Regular aerosol monitoring at Sonnblick up dated via: Cond. particle counter, optical particle counter, aerosol mass New aerosol intake system established Intensive campaigns related to optical aerosol properties (see e.g.saharan dust identification). Long Term Radon Monitoring Basically allows for interpreting of in the observed aerosol variability (special events climatology) Likely Radon artefacts at Zugspitze and Jungfraujoch through tunnel air