INTRODUCTION TO THE CELL
What is a cell? A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Who discovered cells? Robert Hooke (by looking at a piece of cork under a microscope
What is a theory? An explanation, supported by many observations and experiments, that can be used to accurately explain related occurrences. A theory is the work of MANY scientists. It is a work in progress that may be supported by evidence, but NOT necessarily proven.
What is the cell theory? 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. Cells are produced from other existing cells.
TO THE CELL THEORY: #1- VIRUSES #2- THE CELL EVER
What is an organelle? A tiny structure that performs a cellular function and makes up a cell.
Prokaryotic Cells have NO nucleus. Example: A Bacterial Cell Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus. Examples: Animal Cell and Plant Cell
ORGANELLE NUCLEUS MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS BY (FUNCTION): Controls ALL cell Activities -Contains DNA (genetic material that directs all development) NICKNAME Brain
NUCLEOLUS Site of ribosome production Little Nucleus CYTOPLASM RIBOSOME Jelly-like material that allows other organelles to travel throughout cell Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are MADE)
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Regulates the passage of materials into and out of the nucleus CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE) Regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell -Outer LIVING barrier Gatekeeper
MITOCHONDRIA Site of cellular respiration (energy (ATP) is made here) Mighty Mitochondria or Powerhouse
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Tubular transportation system for proteins ER Vacuole Stores food, water, and waste Storage Tank
CHROMOSOME CELL WALL Thick rod-like structures found in the nucleus that direct growth and development (Contain DNA) Provides support and structure (made of cellulosea complex starch) -is a NON-LIVING structure
CHLOROPLAST Site of photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll-a green liquid NOT an organelle) Food factory LYSOSOME Digests old cell parts Clean up Crew Or Suicide Sacs
WHAT ARE SOME BETWEEN PLANTS CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS?
-Animal cells have a round shape/ Plant cells have a square shape -Plant cells have a cell wall/animal cells DO NOT -Plant cells have a larger vacuole -Plant cells have chloroplasts (therefore plant cells can make their own food!)/animal cells DO NOT -Animal cells have a lysosome/plant cells DO NOT
-They are BOTH Eukaryotic cells (have a nucleus) -They BOTH have a cell membrane -They BOTH have mitochondria and ribosomes -They BOTH have a cytoplasm and ER
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE MITOCHONDRIA CELL MEMBRANE CYTOPLASM NUCLEOLUS NUCLEUS IBOSOMES VACUOLE LYSOSOME CHROMOSOME ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
NDOPLASMIC RETICULUM CYTOPLASM RIBOSOMES NUCLEOLUS NUCLEUS NUCLEAR MEMBRANE CHROMOSOME CELL WALL MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLAST CELL MEMBRANE VACUOLE
The Animal Cell has ALL of the above organelles EXCEPT: The plant cell has ALL of the above organelles EXCEPT:
Which organelles are found in living cells?
Nucleus -Controls ALL cell activities -Homeostasis -ALL others
-Aids the mitochondria by instructing it to make ATP -Aids the ribosome by providing the DNA to make proteins -Aids the cell membrane by telling it what to let in and what to let out
Cell Membrane -Regulates what enters and leaves the cell -Homeostasis -Transport -Excretion -Regulation
-Aids the mitochondria by allowing in the materials needed for cellular respiration -Aids the ribosome by allowing in the materials needed to make proteins -Aids the vacuole by allowing wastes to exit the cell
Cytoplasm -Jelly-like material that allows other organelles to travel throughout the cell -Site of many chemical reactions -Homeostasis -Transport -Metabolism
-Allows vacuole to travel to cell membrane to release wastes
Mitochondria -Site of cellular respiration (makes ATP) -Homeostasis -Respiration -Synthesis
-Provides the energy (ATP) for ribosomes to make proteins -Provides the energy (ATP) for the cell membrane To allow materials to pass through
Chromosome -Directs growth and development -Homeostasis -Growth -Reproduction
Vacuole -Stores food, water, and waste -Homeostasis -Nutrition -Excretion
-Aids the cell membrane by storing materials that need to be released from the cell -Aids the chloroplast by storing water needed to carry out photosynthesis
Ribosome -Site of protein synthesis -Homeostasis -Synthesis
-Works with the nucleus to make the proteins coded for by DNA -Provides the proteins for all cell structures (organelles)
Chloroplast -Site of photosynthesis -Homeostasis -Nutrition -Synthesis
-Produces the materials needed by the mitochondria to make ATP
Cell Wall -Provides structure and support for plant cell -Homeostasis