Note Taking Guide: Episode 401 Dmitri Mendeleev: arranged elements by. predicted of missing. Henry Moseley: discovered that each has a unique. arranged elements by. now all elements fit into place based on properties Modern Periodic Law: Properties of elements when elements are arranged by. Questions about the extended periodic table: Why do you think these elements get pulled out? Which element is in a different column than we are used to? What happens to the number of the energy level as you begin each new row? What is the similar characteristic in each column? 4.1
Elements in the same column: have similar. have same number of. have similar. Electron distribution for Ne: Kr: Noble Gases: have outer. have valence. are. Using periodic table to find electron distributions: s section E level = period # d section E level = period # - 1 "p" section E level = period # f section E level = period # - 2 Noble Gas Distributions Find noble gas on end of row before the element and put its symbol in brackets. Use diagonal rule to write electron distribution of Sn (atomic no. 50): Use noble gas distribution to write electron distribution of Sn: The Chemistry Quiz CR1. CR2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4.2
Worksheet: Introduction to the Periodic Table Fill in the correct name Mendeleev or Moseley to complete each of the following statements. predicted properties for elements missing from his periodic table. discovered that each element has a unique atomic number. arranged elements according to atomic number. arranged elements according to atomic mass. had some elements out of place. placed all elements in the right place according to properties. State the Modern Periodic Law. What property is identical to the elements in each column of the periodic table? Write the noble gas configuration for each of the following elements. Lithium Magnesium Copper Bromine Silver Tellurium Uranium (Hint: don t forget the f-block!) 4.3
Note Taking Guide: Episode 402 Period: on tells. Family: on the. For columns 1-2 and 13-18, the number in the one s place represents number of. Metalloids: have properties of both and. border line (except Al, which is a ). The Chemistry Quiz CR1. CR2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4.4
1 Chemistry Reference Sheet BPeriodic Table of the Elements (blank) 18 1 2 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7
Worksheet: Periodic Table Puzzles Fictitious symbols are used for the first 18 elements in the periodic table. Use the clues below to write the fictitious symbol in the appropriate spot on the periodic table provided. Symbols for real elements do not represent those elements. HINT: You do not have to complete each clue in order. 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 Clue 1 Clue 2 Clue 3 Clue 4 Clue 5 Clue 6 Clue 7 Clue 8 Clue 9 Clue 10 Clue 11 U and J are alkali metals. J has more energy levels. T has 4 valence electrons on the 3 rd energy level. M is a metal in period 3 with 2 valence electrons. X has one proton in its nucleus. Q has 2 energy levels, is a nonmetal, and is a solid at room temperature. L is a noble gas that doesn t have 8 valence electrons. Z and Y are members of the nitrogen family. Y is a gas at room temperature. D has an ending electron distribution of s 2 p 5. R has an ending electron distribution of s 2. G has 6 valence electrons. V and W have full outer energy levels. V has 3 energy levels. A atoms have 3 valence electrons and E atoms have 6 valence electrons. Both are in the second period. Clue 12 K has one fewer total electrons than V. Clue 13 I has 3 valence electrons on the third energy level. 4.8
Fictitious symbols are used for the first 18 elements in the periodic table. Use the clues below to write the fictitious symbol in the appropriate spot on the periodic table provided. HINT: You do not have to complete each clue in order. 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 Clue 1 Clue 2 Clue 3 Clue 4 Clue 5 Clue 6 Clue 7 Clue 8 Clue 9 Clue 10 Clue 11 Clue 12 Lg has 5 valence electrons on the second period. Eg atoms have 12 protons in the nucleus. Qp and Ju are halogens. Ju has fewer energy levels. Ke is a member of the oxygen family. Ke is in the same period as Lg. Gn is a member of the nitrogen family. Rm and Sk have 3 valence electrons. Rm has more occupied energy levels than Sk. Td and Vo are metals in the same family. Vo has 2 energy levels and Td has 3 energy levels. Wa is a member of the alkaline earth metals. Zy has an ending electron distribution of 3p 4. An has 18 total electrons. Ms is a nonmetal located on the side of the periodic table with all of the metals. Bx atoms and Oz atoms are stable. Oz atoms are heavier than Bx atoms. Ds and Cy are members of the carbon family. Ds has fewer protons than Cy. 4.9
Note Taking Guide: Episode 403 Name Atomic Number across a period down a family Atomic Mass across a period down a family Atomic Radius the distance between of two like. across a period (due to increased attraction of more positive nuclei to electron clouds) down a family (due to addition of an energy level) Electron Affinity amount of when an gains an across a period down a family Ionization Energy amount of required to an from a neutral across a period down a family Electron Distribution Forming Ions Atoms become ions by or electrons to become. An atom is stable when it has a outer energy level ( valence electrons). Atoms that lose (give away) electrons become charged ions. Atoms that gain (steal) electrons become charged ions. The Chemistry Quiz CR1. CR2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4.10
Activity: Living Periodic Table Worksheet Complete this section about yourself: Element Atomic # Atomic Mass Period # Group # Family Name Metal or Non-metal e - Distribution (last term) Atomic Radius (in pm) Ionization Energy (in KJ/mol) Electron Affinity (in kj/mol) Complete this section about your neighbors: Relative Mass Electron Distribution Ionization Energy (write less mass or (write the last e - only) (write higher or lower) more mass) YOU YOU YOU Atomic Number Atomic Radius Electron Affinity (write higher or lower) (write smaller or larger) (write higher or lower) YOU YOU YOU 4.11
Activity: Living Periodic Table Element Information Chart Atomic Radius (in picometers) #3 Lithium 155 #4 Beryllium 112 #5 Boron 98 #6 Carbon 91 #7 Nitrogen 92 #8 Oxygen 73 #9 Fluorine 72 #11 Sodium 190 #12 Magnesium 160 #13 Aluminum 143 #14 Silicon 132 #15 Phosphorus 128 #16 Sulfur 127 #17 Chlorine 99 #19 Potassium 235 #20 Calcium 197 #31 Gallium 141 #32 Germanium 137 #33 Arsenic 139 #34 Selenium 140 #35 Bromine 114 #37 Rubidium 248 #38 Strontium 215 #49 Indium 166 #50 Tin 162 #51 Antimony 159 #52 Tellurium 160 #53 Iodine 133 Ionization Energy (in kj/mol) #3 Lithium 520 #4 Beryllium 899 #5 Boron 801 #6 Carbon 1,086 #7 Nitrogen 1,400 #8 Oxygen 1,314 #9 Fluorine 1,680 #11 Sodium 496 #12 Magnesium 738 #13 Aluminum 578 #14 Silicon 786 #15 Phosphorus 1,012 #16 Sulfur 1,000 #17 Chlorine 1,251 #19 Potassium 419 #20 Calcium 590 #31 Gallium 579 #32 Germanium 760 #33 Arsenic 947 #34 Selenium 941 #35 Bromine 1,143 #37 Rubidium 403 #38 Strontium 549 #49 Indium 558 #50 Tin 709 #51 Antimony 834 #52 Tellurium 870 #53 Iodine 1,009 Electron Affinity (in kj/mol) #3 Lithium 58 #4 Beryllium 241 #5 Boron 23 #6 Carbon 123 #7 Nitrogen 0 #8 Oxygen 142 #9 Fluorine 333 #11 Sodium 53 #12 Magnesium 230 #13 Aluminum 44 #14 Silicon 120 #15 Phosphorus 74 #16 Sulfur 200 #17 Chlorine 348 #19 Potassium 48 #20 Calcium 154 #31 Gallium 35 #32 Germanium 118 #33 Arsenic 77 #34 Selenium 195 #35 Bromine 324 #37 Rubidium 47 #38 Strontium 120 #49 Indium 34 #50 Tin 121 #51 Antimony 101 #52 Tellurium 190 #53 Iodine 295 4.12
Activity: Living Periodic Table Questions For each property investigated in the Living Periodic Table, answer the following two questions. What trend does the property follow as you move from left to right across a period of the periodic table? What trend does the property follow as you move from top to bottom down a family of the periodic table? 4.13
Worksheet: Periodic Table Trends For each of the following, circle the correct element. Li Si S metal N P As smallest ionization energy K Ca Sc largest atomic mass S Cl Ar member of the halogen family Al Si P greatest electron affinity Ga Al Si largest atomic radius V Nb Ta largest atomic number Te I Xe member of noble gases Si Ge Sn 4 energy levels Li Be B member of alkali metals As Se Br 6 valence electrons H Li Na nonmetal Hg Tl Pb member of transition metals Na Mg Al electron distribution ending in s 2 p 1 Pb Bi Po metalloid B C N gas at room temperature Ca Sc Ti electron distribution ending in s 2 d 2 4.14
Worksheet: Predicting Ionic Charges element Li Be B C N O F Ne # of protons # of electrons ending electron distribution # of valence e - family # to become stable (lose, gain) (lose, gain) (lose, gain) (lose, gain) (lose, gain) (lose, gain) (lose, gain) (lose, gain) # of protons # of electrons ion charge 4.15
Review Sheet: Unit 4 I. Fill in the blanks arranged the periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass. He was able to use his periodic table to predict of the missing elements. discovered that each element has a unique atomic number and arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number. The states that the properties of the elements repeat when arranged by increasing atomic number. A column on the periodic table is called a. Elements in the same column of the periodic table have electron distributions. Elements in the same column of the periodic table have the same number of. A row on the periodic table is called a. Elements in the same row of the periodic table have the same number of. Elements in the Noble Gas family are considered stable because they have outer energy levels. Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals are called. is defined as one half the distance between nuclei of two like atoms. The amount of energy released when an atom gains an electron is called. The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom is called. 4.16
II. For each of the following, circle the appropriate element. Li P Kr member of the Alkali Metal family Al Cl Br gas at room temperature O S Se 3 energy levels O F Ne 8 valence electrons Xe I Be member of the Halogen family Be Mg Ca largest atomic radius N O F highest ionization energy Na Mg Al forms 3+ ions when bonding Sn Sb Te smallest atomic radius K N B metal He H Li member of the Noble Gas family Br Cl F higher electron affinity Hg H S liquid at room temperature Zn Bi At member of the Transition Metal family K Ca Sc electron distribution ending in s 1 N O F forms 2- ions when bonding N P As highest ionization energy C P Se 4 valence electrons 4.17
III. An element has the electron distribution 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 4. Use this information to answer the following questions. What is the symbol of the element? What is the name of the element? What is the atomic number of the element? How many valence electrons are in an atom of this element? How many energy levels are in an atom of this element? What charge will an ion of this element have in bonding? What family does this element belong to? Is this element a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? Is this element a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature? IV. Write the Noble Gas Distribution for each of the following elements. Pd Ar Li Ra N Ge V. How many valence electrons do these atoms have? Al Ne Si K I Po VI. Predict the charge on the ion for these elements when they are involved in bonding. Ca B Cl S Cs P 4.18
VII. Fictitious symbols are used for the first 18 elements in the periodic table. Use the clues below to write the fictitious symbol in the appropriate spot on the periodic table provided. 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 Clue 1 Clue 2 Clue 3 Clue 4 Clue 5 Clue 6 Clue 7 Clue 8 Clue 9 Clue 10 Hi, Yi, and! are noble gases. Hi has the smallest and! has the largest atomic radius. It is the lightest element on the table. Sj has the lowest ionization energy of any element on this chart. R is a halogen on the in the second period. M and On both have electron distributions ending in s 2 p 2. On has the lower ionization energy of the two. E has an ending electron distribution of 2p 1. De has an ending electron distribution of 3p 3. Nk forms ions with a charge of +1. Ch atoms lose 2 electrons to become stable. Ch atoms are smaller than Nk atoms. Us is an alkaline earth metal, and Ul is a halogen. Rf atoms have 6 valence electrons. Tw has 13 protons. Clue 11 T and Is belong in the 2 nd period. Is atoms are larger than T. 4.19