Part3:Superfluidity: k Flow via obstacles, Persistent Currents & Quantised Vortices Marzena Szymanska
Collaborators Theory F. M. Marchetti E. Cancellieri C. Tejedor D. Whittaker Experiment D. Sanvitto, G. Tosi, L. Viña, D. Krizhanovskii, M. Skolnick L. Marrucci, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch
Superfluidity in equilibrium systems persistent [Steinhauer et al. PRL (2002)]
Superfluidity in equilibrium systems persistent Frictionless via macroscopic defect in the fluid no drag force drag force [Onofrio et al., PRL (2000)]
Superfluidity in equilibrium systems persistent [Abo-Shaeer et al. Science (2001)] ground state is less & need external driving
Superfluidity in equilibrium systems persistent Gauss-Laguerre beam rotating drive [Ryu et al. PRL (2007)]
Superfluidity in equilibrium systems persistent Gauss-Laguerre beam rotating drive [Ryu et al. PRL (2007)]
Superfluidity out of equilibrium (incoherent pump) persistent polariton lifetime
E [mev] Superfluidity out of equilibrium (incoherent pump) persistent [Wouters & Carusotto, PRL (2007)] [Szymanska et al., PRL (2006)] Excitations 1 0-1 Luminescence spectrum 0 2 6 emission angle [degree]
Superfluidity out of equilibrium (incoherent pump) Frictionless persistent drag force drag v>v c little drag v<v c [Wouters & Carussotto, arxiv (2010)]
Superfluidity out of equilibrium (incoherent pump) persistent Ground state with a vortex pined by disorder vortex m=1 phase 2 0 interference [Lagoudakis et al. Nature Phys (2008)]
Superfluidity out of equilibrium (incoherent pump) pump persistent no-sf trap [Lagoudakis et al. Science (2009)] decay [Keeling & Berloff PRL (2008)]
Superfluidity out of equilibrium (incoherent pump) persistent no-sf (parametrical pump) signal
Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) Stimulated scattering from pump to signal and idler Pump threshold U(1) symmetry (phase rotation) U(1) spontaneous symmetry breaking: gapless and diffusive Goldstone mode [Wouters & Carusotto PRA (2007)]
Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) (incoherent pump) persistent no-sf (parametrical pump)
Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) (incoherent pump) persistent no-sf (parametrical pump) Above OPO threshold Frictionless (no scattering in momentum) [Amo et al. Nature (2009)]
Theoretical Model Gross-Pitaevskii equation with pump & decay coupling interaction decay cw pump (OPO) C (,k)
Persistent after a rotating drive pulse pulsed probe Gauss-Laguerre pulse - stirring the polariton superfluid for a short (2ps) time
Metastable persistent Vortex imprinting into signal (&idler) for strong enough probe pulsed probe [Sanvitto, Marchetti, Szymanska et al., Nature Phys. (2010) (arxiv/0907.2371)] [Marchetti, Szymanska et al. PRL (2010), arxiv/1003.5111]
Metastable persistent [Sanvitto, Marchetti, Szymanska et al., Nature Phys. (arxiv/0907.2371) 2010]
Metastable persistent [Sanvitto, Marchetti, Szymanska et al., Nature Phys. (arxiv/0907.2371)]
Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) (incoherent pump) persistent no-sf (parametrical pump)
Vortex healing length Independent on probe size, but on OPO properties only [Marchetti, Szymanska et al., arxiv/1003.5111
Vortex healing length Independent on probe size, but on OPO properties only Only signal & idler carry a vortex [Marchetti, Szymanska et al., PRL (2010) arxiv/1003.5111] signal m=-1 idler m=+1 pump m=0 [Krizhanovskii et al. PRL (2010)] 10 m
Vortex healing length Independent on probe size, but on OPO properties only Only signal & idler carry a vortex [Marchetti, Szymanska et al., PRL (2010) arxiv/1003.5111] [Krizhanovskii et al. PRL (2010)] Signal int. [a.u.] checked by weak continuouswave imprinting beam
Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) (incoherent pump) persistent no-sf (parametrical pump) (coherent pump) Below OPO threshold No spontaneous symmetry breaking but satisfied [Ciuti & Carusotto PRA (2007)]
Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) (incoherent pump) (parametrical pump) Frictionless below critical velocity Phase fixed by the pump thus no persistent no-sf (coherent pump) Below OPO threshold [Amo et al. Nature Phys (2009)]
Frictionless of the OPO Gross-Pitaevskii equation with pump & decay
Frictionless of the OPO Gross-Pitaevskii equation with pump & decay Drag force:
Conclusions a novel light-matter superfluid out of equilibrium 1. Frictionless : almost vanishing drag force (incoherent pump) (parametrical pump) persistent no-sf (coherent pump) 10 m
Conclusions a novel light-matter superfluid out of equilibrium 1. Frictionless : almost vanishing drag force 2. Persistent currents in the OPO regime 3. Vortex healing length 10 m (incoherent pump) (parametrical pump) persistent no-sf (coherent pump)
Conclusions a novel light-matter superfluid out of equilibrium 1. Frictionless : almost vanishing drag force 2. Persistent currents in the OPO regime 3. Vortex healing length. Stable & unstable doubly 10 m (incoherent pump) (parametrical pump) persistent no-sf (coherent pump)
Conclusions a novel light-matter superfluid out of equilibrium So far experiments and numerical simulations Analytical theory of non-equilibrium superfluidity still missing! 10 m (incoherent pump) (parametrical pump) persistent no-sf (coherent pump)