Chapter 6 Photosynthesis : Energy for Life Cell Respiration What Is? Energy used by all Cells Chemical Structure of Adenine Base Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds Phosphates Ribose Sugar What Does Do for You? It supplies YOU withenergy! How Do We Get Energy From? By breaking the highenergy bonds between the last two phosphates in 1
What is the Process Called? HYDROLYSIS (Adding H 2 O) How Does That Happen? An Enzyme! H 2 O How is Re-Made? The ADP- Cycle The reverse of the previous process occurs. Another Enzyme is used! -ase Synthetase Synthetase When is Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals Cells need energy for Photosynthesis & Respiration is the energy molecule that is used energy from glycolysis mitochondrion energy 2 2
= adenosine triphosphate Energy is released when breaking a phosphate bond to make ADP adenosine triphosphate phosphate removed tri= adenosine diphosphate di=2 How do cells get? PHOTOSYNTHESIS By breaking down carbohydrates and other organic molecules from food (cell respiration) Photosynthesis Chemical Equation: Photosynthesis occurs in the Chloroplasts 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 glucose http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/r esources/htmls/animated_biology/unit2/bio_ ch04_0104_ab_photosyn.html
2 Stages of Photosynthesis: Light-Dependent Reactions Light-Independent Reactions Light-Dependent Reactions Light energy is turned into chemical energy () Take place in the thylakoids of chloroplasts Light energy is turned into chemical energy () CO 2 is used to build sugar molecules (glucose) Light Reactions Light Reactions animation 1. Pigment called Chlorophyll in the thylakoids absorbs sunlight (mostly red & blue light green light is reflected) 2. Light energy is used to break down H 2 O molecules a. Hydrogen is used to make & NADPH b. O 2 is released as waste I thought plants were solar powered Light-Independent Reactions CO 2 is used to build sugar molecules (glucose) Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts AKA: Calvin Cycle Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) 1. & NADPH from light reactions provide energy to build simple sugar molecules from CO 2 2. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), a high energy sugar, is formed and stored in the stem of plants http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0070960526/student_vie w0/chapter5/animation_quiz_1.html 4
CELL RESPIRATION 2 Types of Respiration: Aerobic Requires OXYGEN Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen Aeorobic Respiration occurs in the Mitochondria of animals & plants Cell Respiration Chemical Equation: C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + glucose Before Respiration GLYCOLYSIS Breaks down glucose molecules from food to make and pyruvate molecules Occurs in the cytoplasm 2 Stages of Cell Respiration: (take place inside the mitochondria) Krebs Cycle (AKA: Citric Acid Cycle) Reactants: Pyruvate Products: CO2 (waste) Other energy molecules NADH -- FADH2 Electron Transport Chain Reactants: Electrons from NADH & FADH2 Oxygen Products: LOTS of Water 5
Aerobic Respiration Step-by-Step: 1. Glycolysis glucose is split to make pyruvate molecules and a little 1 Glycolysis 1 2 Krebs Cycle matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) mitochondrion and 6CO 2 energy 2. Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle pyruvate molecules are split to make a little and other energy molecules and CO2. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) electrons from energy molecules are used to power the enzymes to make LOTS of and some H2O E.T.C. energy from glycolysis and 6O 2 inner membrane 2 and 6H O 2 4 Review Cellular Respiration: 1. Glycolysis glucose 2. Krebs Cycle pyruvate. Electron Transport Chain NADH & FADH2 & pyruvate, NADH, FADH2 & CO2 & H2O What if there is no Oxygen available? Your cells will carry out FERMENTATION (anaerobic) instead of aerobic respiration Glycolysis O2 O2 Cellular (Aerobic) Respiration Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) 2 Types of Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Products: Lactic Acid This is what causes sore muscles after heavy exercise! Feel the burn Alcoholic Fermentation Products: Alcohol & CO2 Bakers & brewers use a fungus (yeast) to make bread, beer, wine, etc. Number of s produced Glycolysis = 4 (net gain of 2) Fermentation = None Krebs Cycle = 2 Electron Transport Chain (ETC) = 4 **Grand total of usable produced in cell respiration = 8 6
Photosynthesis (autotrophs only) Cell Respiration (ALL organisms) Organelle (takes place in) chloroplast mitochondria Reactants CO2 & H2O C6H12O6 & O2 Products C6H12O6 & O2 CO2 & H2O 7