Bio 112 Lecture Exam 1 Study Guide Emphasis will be placed on the following lecture topics: A. The scientific method and statistical analysis Know the steps in the scientific method Understand what a controlled experiment is Review t-tests and the general linear model; when would you use each? B. Basic Chemistry o Atoms, molecules o Bond types (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) o Number of covalent bonds C, N, O usually make o Polar (hydrophilic) vs nonpolar (hydrophobic) o Ions, salts C. Macromolecules o Monomers and polymers o Types: Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins o Functional groups (e.g. OH, NH2, COOH) D. Biomes and Climate Know where the major biomes occur and some of their characteristics Terrestrial biomes are affected mostly by (climate) rain fall Aquatic biomes are primarily affected by nutrients
Bio 112 Practice Exam 1: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When an overwhelming body of observations and measurements supports a scientific hypothesis or group of related hypotheses, it becomes a(n) a. hypothesis b. scientific law c. scientific variable d. scientific theory e. conclusion 2. Hypotheses are a. often in the form of a statement. b. sometimes generalizations. c. sometimes crude attempts to offer a possible explanation for observations. d. used to make predictions. e. all of these 3. In order to test a hypothesis, a scientist usually devises one or more a. laws. b. theories. c. experiments. d. principles. e. facts. 4. The control in an experiment a. makes the experiment less valid. b. is an additional copy for statistical purposes. c. reduces the experimental errors. d. minimizes experimental inaccuracy. e. allows a standard of comparison for the experimental group. 5. Which of the following is NOT used in the development of science? a. evaluation of data b. personal conviction c. prediction d. systematic observation e. experiments 6. Which of the following is not related to the General Linear Model? a. ANOVA c. Correlation b. t-test d. Regression 7. What statistical analysis tests for a significant difference among more than two variables? a. ANOVA c. Correlation b. t-test d. Regression 8. What General Linear Model analysis would determine whether two variables are related? a. ANOVA c. Correlation b. t-test d. Regression
9. The most basic building block of matter is a(n) a. atom b. element c. molecule d. compound e. ion 10. The atomic number is the number of a. atoms in a molecule b. protons in an atom c. neutrons in a molecule d. electrons in an atom e. protons, electrons, and neutrons 11. An atom or group of atoms with one or more net positive or negative charges is a(n) a. base b. isotope c. ion d. acid e. none of these 12. Hydrophobic molecules are _?_ water. a. attracted to b. absorbed by c. repelled by d. mixed with e. polarized by 13. A salt will dissolve in water to form a. acids. b. gases. c. ions. d. bases. e. polar solvents. 14. The monomer for the protein polymer is the a. hydrocarbon b. glycerol c. amino acid d. carbohydrate e. nucleotide 15. Which of the following could be used to describe a monomer of carbohydrates? a. glycogen b. nucleotide c. simple sugar d. monosaccharide e. both simple sugar and monosaccharide 16. The measurement of hydrogen ions compared to the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution is called a. ionization b. ph c. alkalinity d. covalent bonding e. isotope
17. Large terrestrial regions with similar characteristics are a. ecosystems b. communities c. populations d. habitats e. biomes 18. Biomes are characterized by certain types of a. light and temperature b. climate and light c. light and climate d. climate and dominant plant life e. dominant plant life and temperature 19. Where does the largest input of solar energy occur? a. North pole b. South pole c. 30 N d. 30 S e. equator 20. Which of the following is a local area's short-term temperature, precipitation, and humidity? a. climate b. weather c. biomes d. ecosystems e. currents 21. Prevailing winds are the result of what? a. temperature b. direction the sun strikes the earth c. rotation of the earth on its axis d. ocean currents e. sun storms 22. Major air masses rise from the Earth's surface at a. the equator and 30-degree latitudes. b. 30-degree and 60-degree latitudes. c. the equator and 60-degree latitudes. d. 30-degree latitudes and the poles. e. 45-degree latitudes and the poles. 23. Where does the largest input of solar energy occur? a. North pole b. South pole c. 30 N d. 30 S e. equator 24. A particular biome is characterized by a. climate. b. vegetation. c. animals. d. vegetation and animals, only. e. vegetation, animals, and climate.
25. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is a. soil type b. topography c. magnetic fields d. climate e. tidal activity 26. If you were to travel to the equator and then to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro, the changes in vegetation you would observe would mimic the changes you would experience if you traveled a. from the equator toward the poles. b. from the poles toward the equator. c. from wet to dry areas. d. from east to west. e. from continent to continent. 27. Which of the following is the primary limiting factor that controls the vegetative character of a biome? a. light b. precipitation c. nutrients d. soil type e. predation 28. The rain shadow effect refers to a. more light on the windward side of mountain ranges b. more moisture on the leeward side of mountain ranges c. moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges d. drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges e. less light available on the leeward side of mountain ranges 29. Which of the following is the big disadvantage of living in a chaparral region? a. too much rain b. fire hazard c. too little rain d. too many venomous snakes e. bothersome rodent populations 30. Which biome is characterized by plants whose leaves drop off in the wintertime? a. coniferous forest b. tundra c. deciduous broadleaf forest d. tropical rain forest e. all of these 31. All of the following are part of the freshwater aquatic life zones, except a. lakes b. mangrove forests c. inland wetlands d. streams e. rivers 32. Which of the following would be characteristic of a eutrophic lake? a. nutrient overload from human activities b. nutrient levels between the extremes of too much and too little c. small supply of plant nutrients d. well-supplied with nutrients for producers e. excessive nutrients
33. Freshwater lakes will turn over in the a. fall. b. winter. c. spring. d. summer. e. both fall and spring. 34. Oligotrophic lakes are characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following? a. deep water b. clear water c. abundant oxygen d. low nutrients e. high production of algae 35. All of the following are part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones, except a. oceans b. estuaries c. inland wetlands d. coastal wetlands e. mangrove forests 36. Which are "marine nurseries" for shrimp and many marine forms? a. photic zones b. benthic zones c. estuaries d. pelagic zone e. limnetic areas 37. Which of the following factors would most likely be limiting in the open ocean? a. nutrients b. temperature c. oxygen d. light e. wind 38. Coral reefs are being damaged or destroyed by all of the following except a. pollution b. warmer ocean temperatures c. increasing ocean acidity d. coastal development e. underfishing 39. Organisms in this area must be able to avoid being swept away, crushed by waves, or being left high and dry at low tides, and must survive daily or seasonal salinity and temperature changes. a. estuaries b. coastal wetlands c. bathyal zone d. intertidal zone e. coral reefs 40. The organisms that occupy the first trophic level near hydrothermal vents are a. detritivores. b. chemoautotrophs. c. decomposers. d. photosynthetic bacteria. e. fungi.
41. Upwelling a. increases productivity by bringing nutrient-rich cool water to the surface of the ocean. b. occurs in freshwater lakes when the thermocline is destroyed by changing temperatures. c. refers to the accumulation of pollution in certain estuaries. d. occurs when warm ocean currents approach the edge of continents. e. generates the major climatic changes in the Pacific Ocean known as El Niño. Matching Answer the questions in reference to the biomes listed below. a. tundra b. grassland c. desert d. taiga (boreal forest) e. savanna 42. A plant community composed primarily of shrubby trees widely spaced and surrounded by grasses is this biome. 43. A community composed of lichens and short, shallow-rooted plants that form the base for food webs. 44. This biome is characterized by extremes of temperatures and plants that are highly resistant to water loss. 45. This biome has the richest soils. 46. Conifers are most likely to be found in this biome.
Bio 12 Practice Exam 1: Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. D 2. E 3. C 4. E 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. E 16. B 17. E 18. D 19. E 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. E 24. E 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. E 34. E 35. C 36. C 37. A 38. E 39. D 40. B 41. A MATCHING 42. E 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D