CH676 Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications
Contact Information Professor Chia-Kuang (Frank) Tsung Email: frank.tsung@bc.edu Office: Merkert 224; Phone: (617) 552-8927 Office Hours: Monday 5-6 PM or by appointment Teaching Assistant: Maggie Sheehan Email: margaret.sheehan@bc.edu Office: Merkert 218; Phone: (617) 552-3635 Office Hours: Monday 1-2 PM
Course Covers This class introduces advanced physical chemistry as an interdisciplinary subject. It reviews covers the latest development of modern chemistry and physics within the context of nanoscale science and technology. State-of-the-art experimental approaches such as instruments to prepare and characterize nanostructures and the guiding principles will be discussed as well. 1. Modern chemistry Chemistry from a different perspective Chemistry and nanotechnology 2. Nanostructured materials Bulk materials with nanostructures Low dimensional materials Mesoporous materials Preparation methods (synthesis) 4. Characterizations and properties Structural information Chemical information Physical properties Electrical properties 5. Applications State-of-the-art experimental Industrial applications 3. Physical chemistry of nanomaterials Quantum confinement Physical chemistry of solid surfaces New sciences of nanomaterials
Literature No specific textbooks will be required for the course. Supplementary materials such as useful chapters of reference books and latest papers critical to the class will be distributed as handouts. Suggested readings 1. Cao: Nanostructures and nanomaterials (Imperial College Press, 2004) 2. Hummel: Electronic properties of materials (Springer, 2000) 3. West: Basic Solid State Chemistry (Wiley, 1999) 4. Kelsall: Nanoscale Science and Technology (Wiley, 2005) 5. Klabude: Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry (Wiley, 2009)
Requirements Mandatory attendance (10%); Quizzes (20%); Problem sets (20%); Two exams (30%); The final presentation (20%). Problem sets, exams, and quizzes: Problem sets will be distributed during the semester. They will be distributed on the website and should be completed by the following week. The problem sets have to be handed in during the class. There will be in-class quizzes lasting ~15 minutes. There will be two in-class exams during the course of the semester, each lasting ~90 minutes. The quiz will be held randomly and the two exams will be held on October 3 st and November 7 th. Presentations: There will be a final in-class presentation in the end of the semester. The ~15 min presentation will be on a paper of your choice from the current literature (2009-present). The list of proper journals is provided on the website.
Requirements Science Nature Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nature Materials Nature Chemistry Nature Nanotechnology Advanced Functional Materials Advanced Materials Angewandte Chemie Chemistry - A European Journal Chemistry of Materials Energy & Environmental Science Articles Journal of Materials Chemistry Journal of the American Chemical Society Langmuir Nano Letters Small The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Example: Tuning selectivity in catalysis by controlling particle shape Ilkeun Lee, Françoise Delbecq, Ricardo Morales, Manuel A. Albiter and Francisco Zaera Nature Materials, 8, 132, 2009
Example: Tuning selectivity in catalysis by controlling particle shape Ilkeun Lee, Françoise Delbecq, Ricardo Morales, Manuel A. Albiter and Francisco Zaera Nature Materials, 8, 132, 2009
Example: Tuning selectivity in catalysis by controlling particle shape Ilkeun Lee, Françoise Delbecq, Ricardo Morales, Manuel A. Albiter and Francisco Zaera Nature Materials, 8, 132, 2009
Lecture Schedule 09/07 09/09. Introduction 09/12 09/16. Nanoscale science and technology 09/19 09/23. Quantum mechanics & Solid-state science 09/26 09/28. Quantum mechanics & Solid-state science 09/30. Session on literature search (By Sally Wyman) Room 307, O Neill Library 10/03. Exam 1 10/05 10/07. Nanoparticles 10/10. Columbus Day 10/12 10/14. Nanoparticles 10/17 10/21. One dimensional nanostructures 10/24 10/28. One dimensional nanostructures & other nanostructures 10/31 11/04. Other nanostructures 11/07. Exam 2 11/09 11/11. Modern experimental approaches 11/14 11/16. Modern experimental approaches 11/18 11/21. Presentations 11/23 11/25. Thanksgiving holidays 11/28 12/02. Presentations 12/05 12/09. Presentations 12/09. Last day of classes. (No final exam)
Interesting topics in chemistry 1. Improve standards of living Health (bio-chemistry) Medicine (organic chemistry) 2. Sustain prosperity Energy (physical chemistry) Materials (physical, organic and inorganic chemistry) 3. Satisfying curiosity and toward new findings Dynamics Kinetics
Interesting Topics in Physical Chemistry 1. Theory 2. Bio-physics 3. Experimental Spectroscopy Charge behavior for dynamic and kinetics Single molecule understandings Materials Conventional materials (Solid State) Nanomaterials
What is Nanotechnology (Nanoscience)? "Νανο" derives from the Greek word for dwarf. Technologies dealing with materials with at least one dimension with length scales in 1-100 nanometer. 1 nm = 1*10-9 m (one billionth of a meter) one nanometer (one billion of a meter) is a magical point on the dimensional scale. Nanostructures are at the confluence of the smallest of human-made devices and the largest molecules of living things. Nanoscale science and engineering here refer to the fundamental understanding and resulting technological advances arising from the exploitation of new physical, chemical and biological properties of systems that are intermediate in size, between isolated atoms and molecules and bulk materials, where the transitional properties between the two limits can be controlled. National Science Foundation (2001), edited by Mike Roco
Thermal dynamic (PChemI) 1
Quantum (PChemII) Time?
Statistical Theory (PChemIII)
Crystal Structure (Solid State Chemistry) Simple Single Element Structures Use of the International Tables: The example of space group Fd3m (No. 227) Structure of Diamond Si: Fd3m 8 atoms per unit cell Si at 0,0,0 a= 5.43042 Å Coordination: (0, 0, 0) (0,1/2,1/2) (1/2,0,1/2) (1/2,1/2,0) Multiplicity Wyckoff Letter Site Symmetry Coordinates 8 a -43m (0,0,0) (3/4, 1/4, 3/4)
Materials Synthesis (Materials Chemistry) Synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles ex. Hot Injection Precursors For Cd, Me 2 Cd For S: (TMS) 2 S For Se: TOP Se Procedures 1. Hot TOPO solution (320 ºC) 2. Cd and chalogenide precursors in TOPO Synthesis of semiconductor nanowires ex. CVD Synthesis of nanoporous materials ex. Sol-Gel
Generic Methodologies for Nanomaterials (Advanced Analytical Chemistry ) Preface General characterization methods- Imaging (microscopy) Analysis (spectroscopy) IR Generally primary probes: Electrons X-rays Morphology (the microstructural or nanostructural architecture) Crystal structure (the detailed atomic arrangement in the chemical phases contained within the microstructure) Chemistry (the elements and possibly molecular groupings present)