Chapter 3 Erosion and Deposition The Big Question: 1
Design a way to represent and describe the 4 types of mass movement. You may use pictures, diagrams, list, web, chart, etc 2
Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition The Big? --- What processes shape the surface of the land? Lesson 1: Mass Movement I. Processes Changing Earth s Surface A. : The process by which natural forces weathered rock and soil from one place to another. 1. Created By: a. b. Moving water c. d. Waves e. 2. Sediment: Consists of or soil, or the remains of and. B. Deposition: (lay down) sediment C. Continuous Cycle: Weathering, and deposition act together in a that wears down and up Earth s surface. D. Gravity 1. The that pulls rock and other materials downhill 2. Causes mass II. Mass Movement: Process that moves sediment A. : Rapid downhill movement of a mixture of, rock, and soil. (Often occur after heavy rain) B. : Occurs when rock and soil slide quickly down a slope. C. Slump: A mass of rock and soil slip down a slope (one mass) D. : Very downhill movement of rock and soil. (Often the result from the freezing and ) 3
Represent and describe the 5 factors that affect water runoff. Draw and label a diagram that shows the difference between rill, gully, stream and river 4
Lesson 2: Water Erosion I. How Does Moving Water Cause Erosion? A. Runoff: Water moving over the 1. Erosion: When runoff flows in a thin layer over the land. 2. Factors Affecting Runoff: a. The of rain b. Vegetation c. Type of d. of land e. How people land B. Stream Formation 1. : Tiny grooves in the soil. 2. : A large groove, or, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm. 3. Stream: Channel along which water is flowing down a slope. (Large = River) 4. : Stream or river that flows into a river. 5. Drainage Basin ( ): Area from which a river and its tributaries their water. II. What Land Features Are Formed by Water Erosion and Deposition? A. Water Erosion 1. Valleys: Rivers create, V-shaped valleys. 2. Waterfalls: rock wears away than harder rock. a. Rapids: Rough water; occurs where a river tumbles over hard. 3. Plains: Flat, wide area of along a river that fills with water when a river floods. 5
Represent the features formed when land is eroded by water. You may use chart, venn diagram, drawing, diagram, etc Represent and describe the land features formed by water deposition. Draw and describe the difference between stalactites and stalagmites 6
4. : Looplike bend in the course of a river. 1. Erosion on banks of river 2. Meander becomes over time 5. Oxbow Lakes: A meander that has been from the river B. Water Deposition 1. : Sediments deposited where a flows into an ocean or build up. 2. Alluvial : A wide, sloping deposit of formed where a stream leaves a range. C. Groundwater Erosion 1. Groundwater: soaked into the 2. Break Down: Groundwater can cause erosion through weathering ( acid breaks down ) 3. Formations: Water containing carbonic acid and calcium from limestone drips from a cave s roof. Carbon dioxide escapes from the, leaving behind a deposit of calcite. a. : Deposit that hangs from the ceiling of the cave ( c = ceiling; holding tite ) b. : Deposit that builds up from the floor ( g =ground; careful you mite step on one) 4. Topography: A region in which a layer of limestone close to the creates deep, caverns, and. Lesson 3: Glacial Erosion I. How Do Glaciers Form and Move? A. : Any large mass of that moves over land. B. Can only form where snow than. 7
etc Compare and Contrast the two types of Glaciers. You may use Venn diagram, chart, Represent and describe 2 ways glaciers cause erosion. You may use words, diagrams, drawings, etc Represent and describe the landforms created by glacier deposition. 8
C. Types of Glaciers 1. Glaciers a. Covers much of a continent or large. b. % of Earth s land c. Antarctica and d. Can move in directions e. : Times when these glaciers covered much of the Earth. f. Most recent retreat: years ago 2. Glacier a. Long, glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a valley. b. Gravity pulls it II. How Do Glaciers Cause Erosion and Deposition? A. Erosion 1. Plucking: Process by which a glacier up rocks. (Rock fragments freeze to the bottom of a glacier.) 2. : The rock on the bottom of the glacier being dragged across the land gouges and the bedrock.. a. Grooves b. Striations B. Deposition 1. : Mixture of a glacier deposits directly on the surface. (Clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders) 2. Moraine: Till deposited at the of a glacier a. Terminal Moraine: formed at the point reached by a glacier. 3. : Small that forms when a chuck of is left in glacier till and melts. 9
Represent and describe the 6 other landforms created by glaciers. Represent and describe the 4 landforms created by wave erosion. Represent and describe the 5 landforms created by wave deposition 10
C. Other Glacial Landforms: Lesson 4: Wave Erosion 1. : Forms when the level of the rises, filling a once cut by a glacier. 2. : When glaciers carve away the of a mountain, the result is a sharpened. 3. : A bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier. 4. Arete: Sharp separating two. 5. Glacial : Glaciers may leave behind large lakes in basins. 6. U-Shaped : A flowing glacier scoops out a valley. I. How Do Waves Cause Erosion and Deposition? A. Erosion by 1. in waves comes from 2. Waves shape the through erosion by down rock and sand and other. 3. 2 ways waves the land: a. (large waves hit rock with great force) b. (sediment in water breaks down rock) 4. : Part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean. (Made of harder rock that resists erosion by the waves.) B. Landforms Created by Wave Erosion 1. : Waves erode a area in rock 2. Wave-cut : Waves erode base of cliff (collapses) 3. Sea : Waves erode a of softer rock that underlies a layer of rock 4. Sea stack: collapses, but pillar of rock remains standing C. Deposits by Waves 1. : Area of wave-washed sediment along a coast. 2. Longshore : Waves hit beach at an angle, creating a current to the coastline moving sediment. 3. : Long ridges of sand parallel to the. 11
Represent and describe the 2 causes of wind erosion. You may use words, drawings, diagrams, etc Represent and describe two landforms created by wind deposition. You may use diagrams, drawings, words, etc 12
Lesson 5: Wind Erosion 4. : Forms when waves pile up large amounts of sand above sea level, forming a long, narrow parallel to the coast. 5. Spits: A beach that projects like a out into the water. (Result of current) a. Created where a headland or other obstacle interrupts longshore drift or where the turns abruptly. I. How Does Wind Cause Erosion and Deposition? A. : The process by which wind removes materials. 1. pavement: Deflation can sometimes create an area of rock (wind blew away smaller sediment, leaving rocky material) B. : Wind-carried sand can rocks but causes relatively little C. Deposition by Wind: 1. Sand : When wind meets an, a of windblown sand forms. a. of sand dune depends on: 1. of wind 2. of sand 3. Presence of b. Sand dunes can 2. Deposits: Sediment than sand (i.e. sand or clay) is dropped from its source in large (Helps form fertile ) for 13