Mechanical and Chemical

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Transcription:

Mechanical and Chemical

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:toad_rock_-_geograph.org.uk_- _767454.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:kharazaarch.jpg

The mechanical or chemical processes that break rocks into smaller pieces First step to forming soil and sedimentary rock The smaller pieces do not move to a new location until erosion carries them away. There are many types of weathering

Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without any change in the chemical composition of its minerals Sometimes called physical weathering Rock is torn apart by physical force, rather than by chemical breakdown. Smaller pieces do not move to a new location until erosion carries them away.

Ice Wedging Water fills joints of rocks and freezes. Water expands 10% when it freezes, pushing rock apart. Repeated freeze and thaw cycles over the years causes rock to break along joint. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/permafrost_pattern.jpg

Mechanical - Exfoliation Exfoliation -Rock breaks off into sheets along joints which are parallel to the surface. -Caused by expansion of rock due to uplift and removal of surface material that originally buried the rock http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:exfoliation_and_mass _movement.jpg

Thermal Expansion Repeated daily heating and cooling of rock Heat causes expansion; cooling causes contraction. Different minerals expand and contract at different rates causing the rock to split. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:penmaen_dewi-st_david%27s_head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1097950.jpg

Biotic/Organic means life Weathering caused by living organisms Plant roots act as a wedge and widen cracks. Other causes of biotic weathering: burrowing animals microscopic plants animals algae fungi http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:wedge_rock_turkey_run_sp,_in.jpg

Abrasion the work that sediment particles do against each other one rock bumps against another rock. Gravity causes abrasion as a rock tumbles down a slope. Other causes of abrasion: Moving water causes abrasion; it moves rocks so that they bump against one another winds cause abrasion by blasting sand against rock surfaces ice in glaciers cause abrasion. Pieces of rock embedded in ice at the bottom of a glacier scrape against the rock below Any situation where rocks are worn away by friction (usually by particles of other rocks)

If you have ever collected beach glass or pebbles from a stream, you have seen abrasion. Example of wind and sand changing a landscape by abrasion http://www.ck12.org/flx/show/thumb_large/image/201 412291419915969174257_dd0e4c47e8.jpg

Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart. Chemical weathering occurs in all types of rock. Rock reacts with water, gases. and solutions.

Oxidation - oxygen combines with other elements in rocks to form new types of rock New substances due to oxidation: rock softer than original easier for other forces to break rock apart rusting of the rock color change in the rock http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:sandsteinformation_in_garden_of_ the_gods.jpg

Carbonation Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is dissolved in water making carbonic acid ACIDS Weak acid is formed when CO 2 in the air mixes with rain. Acid is too weak to harm plants and animals but slowly causes feldspars and limestone to decompose. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:betonrot_hippodroom.jpg

Hydrolysis when water reacts chemically with minerals ACIDS Water acts as a weak acid. new compounds are formed Breaks down the structure of the rock. Allows for other forms of weathering to happen more easily

Get your notebooks and title the next clean page: Table of contents today s date and title of lab, with pg. #! Title - WED Lab we will do the first two stations today There are multiples of these two stations You will be recording observations in your notebook and then answering the questions

Top of the page WED Lab (your title) The divide the page in half and title the top half Station 1 and the bottom half Station 2. Page # Station 1 WED Lab Observations: *use scientific language and descriptive words! 1: 2: Questions: Station 2 Observations:

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