WMO OMM World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water Inventory & Evaluation of Space-based Instruments: Using OSCAR for space weather Jérôme Lafeuille (WMO) Alain Hilgers (ESA) 11th European Space Weather Week, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Update for ICTSW-5, Ispra, 24-26 November 2014 WMO www.wmo.int
What is OSCAR? Observing System Capability Analysis and Review On-line resource containing description of satellite instruments ground-based instruments in the future observation requirements from various WMO application areas Scope Initially Earth-observation (weather, climate, hydrology) Being extended to space weather ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 3
OSCAR Concept ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 4
Information in OSCAR/Space Factual information > 600 Earth observation or space weather satellites > 800 instruments (~ 260 space weather instruments) Regularly updated with input from agencies Mapping with target capabilities defined by WMO Expert assessments Mapping of instruments with variables Level of relevance of the instrument for the variable ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 5
2. Factual information Knowing all about satellite and instrument characteristics ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 6
www.wmo.int/oscar Quicksearch box (www.wmo.int/oscar GOE ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 7
Satellite view Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 8
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Satellite view Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 10
Instrument view ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 11
Mapping with WMO-defined target capabilities ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 12
List of the «capabilities» recorded in OSCAR Multi-purpose VIS/IR imagery from LEO Lightning imagery from LEO Multi-purpose VIS/IR imagery from GEO Lightning imagery from GEO IR temperature/humidity sounding from LEO Cloud and precipitation profiling by radar IR temperature/humidity sounding from GEO Lidar observation (wind, cloud/aerosol, trace gases, altit.) MW temperature/humidity sounding from LEO Cross-nadir SW spectrometry (for chemistry) from LEO MW temperature/humidity sounding from GEO Cross-nadir SW spectrometry (for chemistry) from GEO Multi-purpose MW imagery Cross-nadir IR spectrometry (for chemistry) from LEO Low-frequency MW imagery Cross-nadir IR spectrometry (for chemistry) from GEO Radio occultation sounding Limb-sounding spectrometry Earth radiation budget from LEO High-resolution imagery for land observation Earth radiation budget from GEO Synthetic Aperture Radar Sea-surface wind by active and passive MW Gravity field measuring systems Radar altimetry Space Weather: solar activity Ocean colour imagery from LEO Space weather: solar wind and deep space monitoring Ocean colour imagery from GEO Space Weather: ionosphere and magnetosphere monitoring Imagery with special viewing geometry Space weather: particle monitoring Data Collection Systems and Search-and-Rescue Precise positioning ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 13
Timeline for: Space Weather : solar activity ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 14
Timeline for: Space Weather : ionosphere and magnetosphere ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 15
3. Expert assessments: Mapping instruments to variables From an instrument: which variables can I derive? And with what degree of relevance? For a given variable: which instruments can I use? And with what degree of relevance? OSCAR provides first-level response based on expert analysis of instrument design features ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 16
Instrument view ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 17
Satellite view Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 18
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Measurement Timeline for Solar EUV flux ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 20
About the «Gap Analysis» by variable Convenient outlook, however with inherent limitations Currently based on sensor design, not actual instrument status No consideration of data availability Evaluates sensors individually, regardless of possible combinations «This does not replace a detailed analysis of actual instrument performances and derived environmental data records. The relevance also depends on data quality, data availability and specific user requirements The OSCAR charts are a starting point for a detailed gap analysis ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 21
Towards an expert system approach Instruments are currently grouped in homogeneous classes The relevant variables are determined «manually» for each class. Excellent results for Earth Observation instruments ( 600 instruments, in 200 classes) Unpractical for Space Weather instruments (too diverse). A new approach is being developed - based on the direct application of expert rules to each instrument Transparency: the rules can be submitted to external reviews Collaborative reviewing to improve the knowledge basis ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 23
Instrument-variable mapping principle Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3 Variable 4 Variable x Design features e.g: Variable y Spectral bands Bandwidth No of channels Polarization Etc.. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 24
Examples of rules For this Variable With this type of instrument If the following conditions are true Then the relevance is Sea Surface Temperature Microwave Radiometer >=2 two-polarisations frequencies in 4-8 GHz >=1 multi-polarisation frequency in 8-12 GHz Very good Atmospheric temperature Radiooccultation Receiver for >=3 GNSS constellations has 2 antennas (fore/aft) Very good High energy Electron flux density energy spectrum Solar wind velocity Particle detector Particle detector Detects electrons, in 300 kev - 8 MeV range, over 2π solid angle, energy resolution <10%, angular resolution <20% Time resolution < 10 s Detects protons, in 0-10 kev, Over 2π solid angle, sun pointing Energy spectral resolution <10% Angular resolution <0.2π sr Time resolution <10 s Excellent Excellent ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 25
5. Conclusions In the Earth Observation domain, OSCAR is widely used Applications, training, research, space agencies Support to high-level global coordination of satellite plans Advocacy for future missions About 26,000 page visits per month! In the space weather domain, a number of instruments and satellites are recorded but not fully evaluated An expert system approach is being developed to better account for space weather instruments Opportunity to build a collaborative tool with the space weather community, for the space weather community ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 26
Thank you for your attention! Please visit: www.wmo.int/oscar Your feedback is welcome jlafeuille@wmo.int www.wmo.int ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 27