ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) New ESA Programme with the aim to contribute to worldwide efforts to generate Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) C. Zehner Barcelona, 07/09/2009
Two climate action paths GCOS-82 in 2003 GCOS-92 in 2004 GCOS-107 in 2006 CEOS response 2006 GEOSS 10-year plan in 2005 CEOS IP for GEOSS in 2007
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Report Space Agencies agreed to take actions on 26 ECVs
ENVISAT Lifetime and Operations Extension 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ERS-2 SAR ATSR Altimetry Envisat ASAR MERIS AATSR Altimetry Risk of data gap & Sentinel-1a Launch end 2011 Sentinel-1b Sentinel-3a Launch early 2013 Sentinel-3b GOME Scatt GOMOS SCIAMACHY MIPAS MetOp Need of backup Based on existing missions ESA could contribute to 18 ECVs Sentinel-4 Sentinel-5 Sentinel 5 Precursor
CCI Objectives To realize the full potential of the long-term global Earth Observation archives that ESA together with its Member states have established over the last thirty years, as a significant and timely contribution to the ECV databases required by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Implement all steps necessary for the systematic generation and regular updating of the relevant ECVs, A coherent and continuous suite of actions fully coordinated with on-going international efforts in the climate change community (eg. WCRP, IGBP, SCOPE, etc) Ensure full capital is derived from on-going & planned ESA missions for climate purposes Duration 6 years (2009 2015): Budget 75 Meuro Initial Focus on 11 ECVs
ECV Feedback Loops Gather Long Term Archiving Programmes Multi-mission infrastructure Re-processing ex archive (e.g. calibration) INPUT FROM FEEDBACK LOOP: 6 year programme for 2 phases Deliver ECV generation (e.g. validation & bias) Exploit ECV assimilation & assessment OUTPUT TO International Climate Programmes EC & MS R&D Programmes IPCC Process, UNFCCC Show Education & Awareness
International Coordination UNFCCC which coordinates the interests and decisions of its Parties on Climate Policy, GCOS which represents the scientific and technical requirements of the Global Climate Observing System on behalf of UNFCCC, CEOS which serves as a focal point for Earth Observation related activities of Space Agencies, Individual Partner Space Agencies with whom ESA cooperates bilaterally, International Climate Research Programmes, which represent the collective interests and priorities of the worldwide climate research, EC and National Research Programmes which establish research priorities and provide resources for climate research community within Europe.
Specialized Climate Research Groups User Communities Feedback Specialized EO data communities ECV 1 Major Climate Modelling centres ECV 2 ECMWF Hadley Centre MPI Rossby Centre ECV 3
Programme: First Phase First Phase has a duration of 3 years: Definition, Algorithm Development, Protoyping Phase 25 MEuro All ESA Programmes are implemented via contracts with industry and research organizations in ESA states Contracts are awarded via open competitive tender CCI ITT to be isssued by end Oct. 2009, 11 contracts on ECVs to start early 2010 and 1 additional contract interacting with Key Climate Modelling Groups
What has do be done in Phase 1: Task 1: Scientific Requirements Analysis and Detailed Specifications The objective is using the GCOS documentation to identify in detail the technical requirements and specifications for the relevant ECV data product and the interface to the Earth system science and climate modelling community that ultimately will exploit such products. Task 2: Algorithm Development, Validation and Inter-comparison The objective of this task is to develop, test and validate the necessary algorithms to generate the high quality (multi-sensor) FCDRs and the derived ECV data products required by the end-users and matching the GCOS performance requirements (L1, L2 and data merging algorithms including detailed error characterisation). Parallel Algorithms development encouraged. Task 3: System Prototyping and FCDR and ECV Production Given development of the algorithm(s) in task 2 this task will comprise the development of the software prototype and production of the necessary ECV products for Task 4. Task 4: Final Product Validation and User Assessment Characterisation and comprehensive validation of the ECV products with scientific rigour is a fundamental issue and a very considerable task necessary to provide the high quality long term ECV products as requested by the end users and GCOS. Task 5: System Specification for Phase 2 Task 6: Management
Scientific (your) Feedback needed: 4 ECVs on atmosphere GCOS Requirements: Cloud radiative properties (initially key ISCCP products) The aim is to produce a 15 year GCOS cloud properties ECV: Cloud cover (extent), cloud ice profile (content), cloud water profile (content), cloud top height, and cloud top temperature. Cloud The focus is: FCDR generation from (A)ATSR, MERIS, GOME, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, and MIPAS. Developing merging approaches with non-european sensors ( AVHRR, MODIS, SSM/I, etc. ) Additional sensors to be used for comparison and validation (CALIPSO, CloudSat, etc.) properties The target spatial and temporal resolutions are: ECV Cloud Properties ECV Monthly L3 data, as the GCOS 3h global observation requirement can not be met with existing European assets. Global 100*100km2 (GCOS requirement) and 280*280km2 (ISCCP) L3 products.
Cloud Properties ECV (2) Algorithmic aspects: Consolidate and improve existing algorithms and/or develop new algorithms. Improve methods to isolate interferences from snow and aerosols. Instrument dataset merging will be a required. The challenge will lie in harmonizing the cloud parameters (cloud extent and cloud height in particular) derived using different measurement techniques. Comprehensive error analysis (instrumental and algorithmic) will be required. Significant effort will be required in characterizing the instrument stabilities and the relative performances. Validation and intercomparisons: Use of on in-situ, historic campaign datasets and comparisons with other satellite datasets and imagery for the L2 data (prior to aggregation into L3). Use climatologies (for example ISCCP) and aggregated satellite datasets for L3 comparisons. L1 comparison/characterization techniques, such as time coincident spectral comparisons, will have to be used in the generation of the products. International context: GEWEX, ISCCP, NOAA CLAVR-x, NASA CERES, etc.
Aerosol ECV GCOS Requirement: Aerosol optical depth and other properties (incl. single scattering albedo) Required accuracy in AOD: 0.01, with stability of 0.005/decade Main Input Data: EO: ATSR 2, AATSR, MERIS, SCIAMACHY, GOME, OMI, GOMOS Validation: AERONET, ground based lidars, campaign data Intercomparison Data: AVHRR, TOMS, MODIS, MISR, CALIPSO, SEVIRI, POLDER, GLORY, ADM Aeolus, SAGE, POAM, etc. International Collaboration AEROCOM (Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project GEWEX Global Aerosol Working Group CNES, EUMETSAT, NASA, etc.
Aerosol ECV (2) Main Issues to Address: Need to improve techniques and identify best practices in many algorithm steps: Question: What are the priorities? Cloud clearing Land surface and ocean surface reflectance, including deserts, snow & sunglint Aerosol microphysics: optics, types and mixtures Robust product uncertainty estimates 3 D radiative effects of cloud edges, non-spherical dust particles, polarization Question: How do we produce an Aerosol ECV from the available complementary info? Techniques to merge information from complementary data sources: e.g. u.v. + vis + i.r, merging with models Techniques for EO data assimilation to provide model analysis Aerosol ECV product
Ozone ECV GCOS Requirement: Profile and total column of ozone. Required accuracy 5-10% and stability of 0.6-1%. Main Input Data: EO: GOME, MIPAS, GOMOS, SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME2, IASI, Odin, ACE, TOMS, SBUV, SAGE, TES, MLS, POAM Validation: GAW, NDACC, campaign data.. International Collaboration IOC, EC projects (e.g. MACC), EUMETSAT, NASA, NOAA, WMO etc.
Ozone ECV (2) Main Issues to Address: Need to improve techniques and identify best practices in many algorithm steps: Question: What are the priorities? Radiometric stability of radiances and how to create an multi mission FCDR Cloud/Aerosol corrections Find Best merging algorithms for Total Column ECV generation Ozone Profiles: 2 ECVs for limb and nadir viewing instruments? Ozone Profile in Troposphere: GCOS requirements can not be met usefulness of tropospheric column? Selection of best retrieval algorithm? Usage of assimilation techniques for data merging to create an ECV?
GHG ECV GCOS Requirement: Distribution of Greenhouse Gases, as Methane and Carbon Dioxide, of sufficient quality to estimate regional sources and sinks. Main Input Data: EO: SCIAMACHY, GOSAT, IASI, TES, AIRS Validation: NDACC, TTCON, campaign data.. International Collaboration IGCO, IPCC, EC projects (e.g. MACC), EUMETSAT, JAXA, NASA, NOAA etc.
GHG ECV (2) Main Issues to Address: Need to improve techniques and identify best practices in many algorithm steps: Question: What are the priorities? Radiometric stability of radiances and how to create a multi mission FCDR (linking SCIAMACHY to GOSAT L1 data) Can measurements from AIRS, IASI and TES contribute to GHG ECV generation (validation only)? Cloud/Aerosol corrections in L2 processing Testing new CO2 and CH4 data with models (useful for inversion) Linking SCIAMACHY L2 data with GOSAT L2 data? Usage of assimilation techniques for data merging to create an ECV?
Possibilities to provide your feedback during discussion sessions and the final session on Friday More Information for you about CCI: 5 Oct. at ESRIN at the CCI Information Day! THANK YOU Claus Zehner ESA Climate Change Initiative czehner@esa.int