Gemini IFU Observations of Feedback from Radio-Quiet Quasars at z~0.5 Black Hole Feedback 2012 Guilin Liu JHU/CAS Nadia L. Zakamska JHU/CAS Jenny E. Greene Princeton Nicole P. H. Nesvadba Insitut d'astrophysique Spatiale Xin Liu CfA/Hubble Fellow
Thirst for Quasar Feedback: Galaxy luminosity function Bright end needs mass-dependent quasar feedback to quench SF! + SNe + SNe + AGN Croton et al. 2006 (as taken from Guinevere Kauffmann's talk) + SNe + AGN + Reionization
Thirst for Quasar Feedback: BH mass-buldge correlation Fact BH masses in nearby galaxies strongly correlate with many galaxy properties Implication BH evolution has profound effects on galaxy formation MBH LBuldge / Msph / σc / re... Puzzle Physical mechanism? masses / sptial scales vastly different need galaxy-wide feedback σ (km s-1) Gultekin et al. 2009
Thirst for Quasar Feedback: To reproduce BH-galaxy correlation... Thermal heating? 5% quasar energy is sufficient to expell gas and quench SF Hopkins et al. 2006, ClaudeAndre Faucher-Giguere's talk Momentum-driven? < 1% quasar energy is sufficient Zubovas & King 2012, J. Ostriker and his group Radio jets? strong: radio galaxies / RL quasars weak: NGC 3079 (?) Hopkins et al. 2006
unobscured (Type 1) Radio-loud objects Jets can do serious damage to galaxy r ed u c ) obs pe 2 (Ty Jet-driven winds induces bow-shock and cocoon, deposit mechanic energy into ISM/IGM - both in observations and simulations Urry & Padovani 1995 Geibler 2011
Radio-loud objects Jets can do serious damage to galaxy turbulent outflows detected at z~2 emision regions follow the jet physical scales are tens of kpc velocity ~ 1000 km/s, dispersion ~ 1000 km/s kinetic energy ~1060 erg Nesvadba et al. 2006, 2008
Standard wisdom Stockton & MacKenty found ~30% RL quasars have "extended emission line regions" (~50 kpc) RQ quasars don't have them photoionized by nucleus galaxy-scale winds driven by radiation? But only ~10% quasars are radio-loud... Stockton & MacKenty 1987
Our Gemini IFU Observations 11 SDSS RQ (+3 RL) quasars that are: obscured (type 2) highly luminous Lbol~1047 erg/s or higher mass dependent feedback expected from Zakamska et al. (2003) and Reyes et al. (2008) catalogs Integral field spectroscopy @ Gemini FoV: 5" 7" seeing 0.4"-0.6" spectral resolution ~50 km/s Credit: Durham Univ.
[O III] 5007Å Intensity Maps Radio-Quiet Quasars extended ionized nebulae seen in EVERY case; regular and round morphology physical extents of 20-40 kpc All objects are spatially resolved Radio-Loud Quasars Liu et al, in prep
RQ Quasars Zakamska et al, in prep Well-organized velocity fields, signature of outflows ( Δv 100 km/s) [O III] 5007Å Radial Velocity Maps
Radial Velocity FWHM duol- oi da R Nesvadba et al. 2008 RQ vs. RL Quasar Outflows Comparable outflow extent: 20-40 kpc Similar velocity dispersion: up to ~1000 km/s ei u Q- oi da R RQ quasars have larger opening angles Zakamska et al, in prep
RQ vs. RL Quasar Nebulae 3 RL objects at z=2-3 Nesvadba et al. 2008 Size similar at z~0.5 smaller than z=2-3 RLs Ellipticity RQ: ε < 0.25 RL: ε > 0.25 or irregular one exception Liu et al, in prep
Galaxy-Wide Outflowing Gas Ionized Gas vs. Host Galaxy Size: [OIII] > continuum Ellipticity: ~ same only one exception [OIII] ~ 2.1 Continuum regular and round ε ~ 0.1 Liu et al, in prep
Size-Luminosity Relation isophotal radius at 10-15/(1+z)4 erg/s/cm2/ " power index = 0.24 ± 0.02 theoretical expectation: 0.5 matter-bounded? asar u q ured c s b o 0.6 1. z=0 s es laxi a g y-2 S l loca T HS na a -b w rro nd g gin a im Liu et al, in prep
RQ quasar outflow: Why not observed before? Sensitivity? narrow-band imaging shallower than long-slit spectroscopy and IFU Luminosity dependence? Villar-Martin, Humphrey et al. found <20% at lower luminosities 0.8 dex increase in [OIII], detection fraction changes <20% to >50% Viewing angle? type 2's more favorable? Fooled by long-slit data? limited spatial information Humphrey et al, 2010
Next Steps Go for unobscured quasars Evolution? Gemini IFU (PI: Liu) - approved Continue observing low-z high-l obscured quasars star formation: Herschel (PI: Zakamska) - approved molecular outflow: ALMA (PI: Greene) - approved weak jets? Karl G. Jansky VLA (PI: Liu) - approved Probe higher redshifts newly identified obscured quasars at z=2-3 from BOSS HST (PI: Michael Strauss) - approved ALMA (PI: Zakamska) - pending
Summary Galaxy-wide quasar feedback will save theorists Jets from RL objects are seen to have strong effect on ISM/IGM RL objects are rare, what about RQ quasars? RQ quasars at highest luminosity commonly have outflows that are galaxy-wide, round, and likely energetic