Pocdings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Confnc of Intnational Building Pfomanc Simulation Association, Sydny, 14-16 Novmb. ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE ON MECHANICAL DESIGN PROCESS BY BIM SPREAD - CONSCIOUSNESS SURVEY TO BIM BY QUESTIONNAIRE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEER - Kyosuk Hiyama 1, and Shinsuk Kato 1 1 Th Univsity of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT BIM can xamin th placmnt of ductwok and machiny. It significantly incass th fficincy of a mchanical dsign. In addition, BIM functions as a databas to simplify th us of simulation tchnology. It is impotant to know th xpctations of mchanical ngins who will bcom fqunt uss of BIM in th futu. A suvy was conductd among Japans mchanical ngins to analyz th xpctations of mchanical dsign using BIM. Th sults show that many spondnts stongly cogniz BIM as a th-dimnsional CAD pogam and xpct not only th optimization of thi dsign wok but also to nhanc dsign functionality. INTRODUCTION In cnt yas, gowing attntion has bn paid to Building Infomation Modling (BIM). Th Ministy of Land, Infastuctu, Tanspot and Touism (MLIT) in Japan askd to us BIM fo a govnmnt offic building in 2010; thus, it is xpctd that th us of BIM fo achitctual dsign will ctainly incas in th futu. Mchanical dsigns dvlopd using BIM can impov quality and dcas thi impact on th nvionmnt. As a sult, w hop this will povid an oppotunity to significantly impov mchanical dsigns in th whol achitctual dsign fild. To advanc sach and pomot BIM, undstanding th xpctations of ngins who dsign ai-conditioning systms via BIM is quid. This pap psnts th sults of a suvy qustionnai givn to mchanical ngins in Japan and xamins th diction of BIM sach and th dvlopmnt fo mchanical dsign. SUMMARY OF A QUESTIONNAIRE Tabl 1 shows th nti qustionnai. Q1, Q2, and Q3 contain qustions latd to th psnt us of simulation tchnology and th xpctation fo its futu us. Q5 and Q6 ask fo dsid functions fom BIM. Th intoduction of BIM is lagly ffctiv. Howv, th is a ason that BIM is not yt widly usd. Q7 attmpts to dtmin th main causs fo this. Q4, Q8, Q9, and Q10 a th spondnts attibuts. Th qustionnai was filld onlin, and th URL was snt to gnal dsign fims, Mchanical Elctical Plumbing (MEP) ngining fims, gnal contactos (Znkon in Japans), subcontactos (Sabukon in Japans), and oth companis with dsign facilitis. Th spondnts w limitd to mchanical dsigns and ngins. Th piod of th qustionnai was 15 days, fom July 1st to 15th 2010. RESULT AND ANALYSIS Rspondnts Attibuts Th w a total of 100 spondnts. Figu 1 shows th sults fom Q9 accoding to typ of industy. Half of th spondnts wok at gnal dsign fims o MEP ngining fims wh th main svic is dsign. Th oth half wok in gnal constuction industis and companis woking with building quipmnt woks and contactos. Th bakdown of Q9 is as follows. Fom fiv gnal dsign fims, 34 popl compltd th qustionnai, and 8 did not spond. Fom two facility dsign fims, 3 took th qustionnai, and 3 did not spond. Fom fiv gnal constuction industis, 16 answd, and 12 did not spond. Fom two building quipmnt companis, 18 answd, and 3 did not spond. Th answs to Q10, which a sponss to qustions on th spondnt s ol in th mchanical dsign pocss, a shown in Figu 2. Half of th spondnts w supvisos and th oth half dsigns o ngins. Th answs flctd th spondnts pspctivs of thi dutis as dsigns o supvisos. Figu 3 shows th answs fom Q4, which inquis about thi pcnt usag of BIM; 88% said Nv. On hundd pcnt of th spondnts answd ith Raly o Nv. This sult indicats that BIM is not usd in th facility dsign fild at all. Figu 4 shows th pcnt usag by MEP ngins in th USA. Compad to th pcnt usag of 42% in th USA, BIM us in Japan is xtmly low. Usag of Simulation Tchnology Figu 5 shows th fquncy of simulation usag (Q1) with th avag at and diffnc in box-plot fom. It shows that th constuction nvionmntal fficincy ating such as CASBEE (Japan Sustainabl Building Consotium 2010) is usd most fquntly - 124 -
Pocdings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Confnc of Intnational Building Pfomanc Simulation Association, Sydny, 14-16 Novmb. in dtmining constuction, and mo than a fouth of th spondnts us this simulation tchnology on all pojcts. Engy simulation coms scond in th list, followd by systm simulation, LCA, and CFD analysis. Although som answd that thy us LCA and CFD analysis on all pojcts, th-fouths of th spondnts showd indicatd 30% usag. CASBEE, which utilizs Excl, o Engy simulation, which is in high dmand, qui compaativly lss data nty labo. CFD analysis quis mo inticat data nty (cating th-dimnsional modls) than oth simulations. - Qustions about usual dsign wok. Q1. How much (in pcntag) do you us th blow mntiond tchnical computing fo you dsign? Plas tll us th stimat fo oughly th last on ya (.g., Usd on half of all pojcts = 50%,) i. Engy Simulation (Annual thmal load calculation) ii. Systm Simulation iii. LCA (Lif Cycl Assssmnt: LCCO2 tc.) iv. Constuction Envionmntal Efficincy Rating (CASBEE tc.) v. CFD Analysis Q2. Plas choos th most applicabl among th listings blow of you asons to us th 3D indoo nvionmnt stimation tool (Multipl answs allowd.) - To optimiz fo a comfotabl thmal nvionmnt - To optimiz th ai flow (dsigns fo natual vntilation) - To nsu against cating an uncomfotabl thmal nvionmnt - To optimiz th outdoo wind nvionmnt (scuing cool outdoos bzs) - To nsu against cating a windy zon (building-inducd wind) - To cat xplanatoy documnts cosponding to a clint s qust - Bcaus of company and goup policy - Unknown bcaus not usd - Oth ( ) Q3. Which on fom th list blow should b applid to optimiz dsigns (to impov dsign quality)? (Multipl answs allowd) - Engy Simulation (Annual thmal load calculation) - Systm Simulation - LCA (Lif Cycl Assssmnt) - Constuction Envionmntal Efficincy Rating (CASBEE tc.) - CFD Analysis - Oth ( ) - Non -Qustions about BIM (Building Infomation Modling) BIM: It is a databas of a digitalizd 3D building accompanid with attibution data, such as machiny pats and matials data. Today, som softwa pogams a availabl on th makt that can mak it possibl to automat thmal load calculation and vify th o and poblms in ovlaying achitctual/constuctd/facility modls. Q4. Do you us BIM whn you dsign a mchanical plan? - Always - Mostly - Raly - Nv Q5. Plas choos th fom th list blow that you think povid th bst advantag in using BIM fo mchanical dsigns. - It is possibl to xamin th placmnt of ductwok/piping and th machiny oom. Also, it is asy to chck dsign os in advanc. - It can scu intgity and consistncy fo dsign woks, dsign dawings, and spcifications, as BIM automatically cats th dsign dawing and spcification duing th dsign pocss. - It ducs th labo in data nty fo thmal load calculation. Tabl 1 Contnt of Qustionnai - It ducs th labo in data nty fo constuction fficincy ating tools, such as CASBEE. - It facilitats intgation (picking up) o cating an opation plan. - It maks communication btwn th pojct tam smooth. - It can b usd fo a dsign psntation to a clint. - It can b usd fo facility managmnt. - Oth ( ) Q6. Assum that th BIM softwa listd blow xists on th makt. Poduct 1: Automation of ductwok placmnt and ngy simulation Poduct 2: Automation of ductwok placmnt and CFD analysis Poduct 3: Automation of CFD analysis and ngy simulation Q6-1. Plas choos on of th BIM poducts abov that you company would want to us most. - Poduct 1 - Poduct 2 - Poduct 3 Q6-2. Plas choos a sconday poduct you want to us. - Poduct 1 - Poduct 2 - Poduct 3 Q7. Plas choos th lmnts you think would b obstacls in using BIM in th mchanical dsign pocss (multipl answs allowd.) - Clint qusts a fw. - Th is no tim to valuat o xamin BIM tchnology in th company. - High in initial invstmnt cost. - BIM function dos not match businss outlin. - Psnt dsign mthod is nough. - Psnt CAD softwa is not compatibl with BIM softwa. - Th BIM softwa dos not fit with Japans industial standads. - Difficult to us BIM softwa. - Th is no tim to mast and tain on BIM softwa. - Difficult to find a comptnt CAD opato o subcontacto. - Oth fild (Achitctual dsign, Constuction dsign) is not using BIM. - Oth( ) -Lastly, qustions about youslf Q8. Plas tll us you company and division nam. *optional.g.,:,inc. division ( ) Q9. Plas choos a typ of industy. - Gnal dsign fim - MEP ngining fim - Gnal contacto (Japans Znkon) - Subcontacto (Japans Sabukon) - Oth ( ) Q10. Plas choos you ol in facility dsigning. - Supvisoy position (position of sponsibility in dsign quality) - Dsign o ngin (position of actual dsigning, quis th confimation and advic fom a supviso) - Assistant (position of assisting dsigns/ngins and supvisos) - Oth ( ) - 125 -
Pocdings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Confnc of Intnational Building Pfomanc Simulation Association, Sydny, 14-16 Novmb. Figu 1 Q9:Plas choos a typ of industy Figu 2 Q10:Plas choos you ol in facility dsigning Figu 3 Q4: Do you us BIM whn you dsign a mchanical plan? Figu 4 BIM Adoption and Usag in USA 1) (McGaw_HILL Constuction 2009) ] [% n tio a p d a f o tg ta c n p A. Engy Simulation B. Systm Simulation C. LCA D. Constuction Envionmntal Efficincy Rating E. CFD Analysis Figu 5 Q1: How much do you us th tchnical computing fo you dsign? Although it changs accoding to clints dmands and it is difficult to inf simply, th fquncy of simulation us sms to dop significantly with mo inticat data nty. Figu 6 shows th sults fom Q3 concning th xpctations fom using simulations in th futu. CFD analysis civd th most intst, followd by systm simulation and ngy simulation. Compad to LCA (both LCA and CFD analysis showd low usag in Q1), CFD analysis has hop fo dsign optimization, vn with inticat data nty. Using BIM to automat data nty fo CFD analysis has gat potntial. A. Engy Simulation B. Systm Simulation C. LCA D. Constuction Envionmntal Efficincy Rating E. CFD Analysis F. Non Figu 6 Q3: Which on fom th list should b applid to optimiz dsigns? Bcaus th was high usag potd in th constuction nvionmntal fficincy ating in Q1, its sult fo futu usag was low. Figu 7 displays th asons fo using thdimnsional indoo nvionmntal stimation tools such as CFD analysis (Q2). A lag amount of spondnts indicatd that it is usful in psnting a dsign to a clint, followd by thmal nvionmntal analysis, natual vntilation, and indoo nvionmntal analysis. It was also shown that it is a fo mchanical ngins to analyz th outdoo wind nvionmnt. To pomot CFD analysis in - 126 -
Pocdings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Confnc of Intnational Building Pfomanc Simulation Association, Sydny, 14-16 Novmb. ] [% g tin h ig w s n o sp Figu 7 Q2: Plas choos th most applicabl among th listings blow of you asons to us th 3D indoo nvionmnt stimation tool A. To optimiz fo a comfotabl thmal nvionmnt B. To optimiz th ai flow (dsigns fo natual vntilation) C. To nsu against cating an uncomfotabl thmal nvionmnt D. To optimiz th outdoo wind nvionmnt (scuing cool outdoos bzs) E. To nsu against cating a windy zon (building-inducd wind) F. To cat xplanatoy documnts cosponding to a clint s qust G. Bcaus of company and goup policy H. Unknown bcaus not usd ] [% g tin h ig w s n o sp A. It is possibl to xamin th placmnt of ductwok/piping and th machiny oom. Also, it is asy to chck dsign os in advanc. B. It can scu intgity and consistncy fo dsign woks, dsign dawings, and spcifications, as BIM automatically cats th dsign dawing and spcification duing th dsign pocss. C. It ducs th labo in data nty fo thmal load calculation. D. It ducs th labo in data nty fo constuction fficincy ating tools, such as CASBEE. E. It facilitats intgation (picking up) o cating an opation plan. F. It maks communication btwn th pojct tam smooth. G. It can b usd fo a dsign psntation to a clint. H. It can b usd fo facility managmnt. Figu 8 Q5: Plas choos th fom th list blow that you think povid th bst advantag in using BIM fo mchanical dsigns pojcts, it is impotant to dmonstat that BIM is usful in visualizing dsigns fo clints and convnint fo analyzing indoo nvionmnts. Th Expctations of Facility Dsign Engins fo BIM Dvlopmnt Figu 8 shows th sponss to Q5, a qustion about what th spondnts think th advantags of BIM a. It is possibl to xamin th placmnt of ductwok/piping and th machiny oom. Also, it is asy to chck fo dsign os in advanc civd th most sponss, followd by It can b usd fo a dsign psntation to a clint. Ths two answs cam fist bcaus th spondnts sm to hav an ida of BIM as a th-dimnsional gaphic tool. It ducs th labo in data nty fo thmal load calculation and It facilitats intgation (picking up) o cating an opation plan ankd nxt in impotanc. BIM might b thought of as a databas function. On of th slctions, It ducs th labo in data nty fo constuction fficincy ating tools, such as CASBEE, is also a databas function. As mntiond abov, bcaus it is alady usd fquntly, it did not appa as an advantag of using BIM. It also showd that ngins do not fl that CASBEE data nty constituts much of thi labo. It can b usd fo facility managmnt ankd vy low in th sults. Howv, Th Gnal Svic Administation (GSA) in th USA guidlins list facility managmnt as on of BIM s mits. H, th spondnts did not dmonstat awanss of addd valu oth than th optimization of thi psnt dsign pocss. Similaly, sach in th USA did not show that a clint has many dmands fo Opation and Managmnt (O & M) (McGaw_HILL Constuction 2009). It is impotant to dvlop an additional function in BIM if w want to pomot its us. Thus, w askd what kind of function in BIM an mchanical ngin dsis. W conductd a conjoint analysis, using facts about functions, such as Automation of ductwok placmnt, Automation of ngy simulation, and CFD analysis automation (Q6). W usd PASW Conjoint 18 softwa fo this analysis. Ductwok h psnts only th gulatd wok in mchanical dsign. Th dsi to automat th placmnt of ductwok will sult in ducd labo in mchanical dsign. Engy simulation is ncssay fo dsign optimization. Many pojcts hav alady incopoatd this fatu. This simulation maks a pocss mo fficint. Although CFD analysis is also ncssay fo dsign pocss optimization, it is usd lss fquntly than th oth functions. Th addition of CFD analysis to pvious dsign pocsss will likly impov and optimiz th mchanical dsign itslf. Tabl 2 shows ach th valu of ach function. Whn a spondnt chooss a poduct accompanid with ach function and indicats a high valu, it mans that th dcision has a big influnc. Th sults show that ngy simulation was highst in valu, whil duct and CFD analysis w almost th sam. Ovall, th ngins xpct ngy simulation to b mo fficint and applicabl than pvious dsign tchnologis by using BIM. - 127 -
Pocdings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Confnc of Intnational Building Pfomanc Simulation Association, Sydny, 14-16 Novmb. ] [% g tin h ig w s n o sp Obstacls to BIM Us Figu 9 shows th sults fom a qustion gading obstacls to using BIM. Th most slctd answ was Difficult to find a comptnt CAD opato o subcontacto. Psnt CAD softwa is not compatibl with BIM softwa was th sconday ason. Th a many popl who fl that thi company is not ady fo nw tchnology. Ths answs w followd by Th is no tim to mast and tain on BIM softwa, High in initial invstmnt cost, and Th is no tim to valuat o xamin BIM tchnology in th company. Th spondnts sm to think that th ffcts do not waant th costs of this tchnology. On th oth hand, th suvy shows low numbs in Clint qusts a fw, BIM function dos not match with businss outlin, and Psnt dsign mthod is nough. Thus, w can s h that spondnts undstand th nd fo th us of BIM. To spad BIM us, it is impotant to cat a suitabl nvionmnt fo BIM. In addition, w nd to dmonstat its ffctivnss in tms of both tim and cost to ach company. DISCUSSION W will xamin th impotant points fo spading th us of BIM in th mchnical dsign pocss in A. Clint qusts a fw. B. Th is no tim to valuat o xamin BIM tchnology in th company. C. High in initial invstmnt cost. D. BIM function dos not match businss outlin. E. Psnt dsign mthod is nough. F. Psnt CAD softwa is not compatibl with BIM softwa. G. Th BIM softwa dos not fit with Japans industial standads. H. Difficult to us BIM softwa. I. Th is no tim to mast and tain on BIM softwa. J. Difficult to find a comptnt CAD opato o subcontacto. K. Oth fild (Achitctual dsign, Constuction dsign) is not using BIM. Figu 9 Q7: Plas choos th lmnts you think would b obstacls in using BIM in th mchanical dsign pocss Tabl 2 Valu of ach function Functions Valu Ductwok 31.3 Engy simulation 38.3 CFD analysis 30.3 this chapt. W xamin th optimization of dsigns whn BIM is implmntd. A mchanical dsign can b impovd as follows: 1) Confimation of positioning by a thdimnsional CAD function. 2) Facilitation of data shaing btwn softwa (asy data nty of simulation). 3) Samlss databas function fom dsign to opation managmnt. Figu 8 (Q5) shows that th w many spondnts who bliv BIM is advantagous in idntifying poblms in ductwok. This is th pimay ason to us BIM fo dsign optimization. As Tabl 2 (Q6) shows, an xpctation fo BIM softwa is not only th automation of ductwok placmnt but also ngy simulation. Thus, th scond listd advantag would b possibl aft impoving cunt BIM softwa. Th softwa nds to b of high quality, and th function nds to b xpandd so that BIM can b commndd to th mchanical dsign fild mo. Th w only a fw spondnts who thought that th advantag of BIM is that it can b usd fo facility managmnt (in Figu 8 (Q5)). This lads to th thid listd advantag, which is not wll known. Bcaus BIM is not wll cognizd vn in th achitctual dsign pocss, it is still too aly to xpct nd-uss in facility managmnt. Today, matial invstmnt is dopping with th low numbs of nw building constuction pojcts. Thus, w bliv that it is impotant to add valu to constuction by niching svic. Th facility managmnt of BIM is pat of this. It is ncssay to dmonstat th possibility of using BIM fo industial dvlopmnt and to psnt how it woks as an advantag. CONCLUSION Oth countis hav cntly statd to shift achitctual dsign mthods fom cating twodimnsional dawings and spcifications to using BIM databas constuction. Howv, Japan is sponding slowly. Paticulaly in th aiconditioning dsign pocss, BIM is baly usd. BIM has th advantag of significantly impoving dsign functionality. In addition, w can xpct to connct dsign optimization with th innovation of simulation tchnology using databas functions in BIM. Thus, w conductd a suvy of 100 mchanical ngins to invstigat th us of BIM in th futu. A summay of th sults is shown blow: 1) 12% of spondnts hav usd BIM bfo. Howv, a significantly low at of us was obsvd in th facility dsign fild in Japan. 2) Blow 20% potd th us of CFD analysis. Howv, about 60% potd that to impov th dsign pocss, it is highly dsid fo th futu. Uss can impov th fquncy of - 128 -
Pocdings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Confnc of Intnational Building Pfomanc Simulation Association, Sydny, 14-16 Novmb. using CFD analysis with th fficint data nty povidd by BIM. 3) Mchanical ngins undstand that th pimay advantag of using BIM is to b abl to confim th placmnt of ductwok/piping and to povid documnts fo a clint using thdimnsional functions. 4) Ai-conditioning dsign ngins hop to us mo convnint dsign tools, such as ngy simulation, mo than th automation of fomat woks, such as th automation of ductwok placmnt. 5) Obstacls to adopting BIM includ wois about accpting tchnology in thi psnt conditions, lack of CAD contactos, and poblms with softwa compatibility. On th oth hand, spondnts bliv BIM is a good tool fo psnting thi dsigns to clints. Thy also undstand that BIM can povid many advantags to dsign optimization. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would lik to xpss my dpst gatitut to M. Kntao Suga fom Aup Japan, M. Makoto Ohua fom Autodsk, Inc., D. Mutsumi Yokoi, D. Hikau Kobayashi, M. Takshi Ogawa, M. Kiko Sugawaa fom Taisi Copoation to hlp fo th qustionnai. REFERENCES McGaw_HILL Constuction, 2009, Smat Makt Rpot, Th Businss Valu of BIM Japan Sustainabl Building Consotium, 2010, Comphnsiv Assssmnt Systm fo Building Envionmntal Efficincy CASBEE fo Hat Island Rlaxation. Institut fo Building Envionmnt and Engy Consvation (IBEC), Tokyo, Japan - 129 -