HONORS CHEMISTRY FIRST SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry 1. What is chemistry? 2. Identify the independent and dependent variables using the graph to the right. IV: DV: 3. Write a hypothesis for this experiment. 4. Write a conclusive statement regarding this data. Chapter 2 Energy and Matter 1. Identify the units of the metric system a. Length - b. Mass - c. Volume - d. Know the prefixes from largest to smallest: e. Be able to convert within the metric system: (1) 12.5 m to cm (3) 0.035 kg to g (2) 10521 ml to L (4) 45.6 cm to m 2. Write the following numbers in scientific notation: (a) 123000 (b) 453.2 (c) 0.00234 3. Significant figures a. Determine the number of significant figures in measurements (1) 101.000 (2) 0.0023 (3) 0.010500 (4) 10200 b. Use significant figures in calculations (1) 102.345 cm + 22.24 cm = (3) 12.5 cm x 114.2 cm = (2) 45.62 cm - 1.2 cm = (4) 458.3 g/12.6 ml =
Chapter 3 Matter Properties and Changes 1. Know the four states of matter and be able to describe each States of Matter Description 2. Compare physical and chemical properties of matter and give an example of each Place a check in the appropriate column below. Property Physical Chemical Color Rusts Length Oxidized Dissolves 3. Compare physical and chemical changes of matter and give an example of each Place a check in the appropriate column: Change Physical Chemical Salt dissolves in water HCl reacts with Mg Piece of copper is cut in half Sugar cube is burned Iron rusts Water evaporates 4. Compare intensive and extensive physical properties Classify each of the following as an intensive property [I] or an extensive property [E]. Mass Density Color Volume 5. Explain the difference between an element, a mixture, and a compound Classify each of the following as an element [E], a compound [C], or a mixture [M]. Gold Water Seawater Sugar A chocolate sundae hydrogen 6. Explain the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture. Classify each of the following as either (A) heterogeneous or (B) homogeneous. wood freshly brewed coffee water and sand Luck charms salt sugar water
7. Know the phase changes of matter Melting Freezing Condensation Evaporation Sublimation Deposition 8. Identify the following from the graph: a. Both solid and liquid are present: b. Solid only is present: c. Liquid only present: d. Gas only present: e. Both liquid and gas present: Chapter 4 The Structure of the Atom 1. Define atom 2. List the three subatomic particles, tell where they are located. And the charges of each Subatomic particle Location in atom Charge 3. Define atomic number 4. Define isotope 5. Define mass number 6. Find the missing items in the table below: Name Symbol Atomic number Na Mass number Number protons Number electrons Number of neutrons Nuclear symbol 17 Potassium 20
7. Write equations for alpha and beta decay Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 87 223 Fr Write a nuclear equation for the beta decay of 149 Sm 62 8. Identify each of the following as a: single compound a mixture of 2 compounds mixture of compounds and atoms, mixture of elements a mixture of atoms Chapter 5 Electrons in Atoms 1. Describe what each quantum number indicates about the position of the electron in the atom. 2. Write the electron configuration for any atom. 3. Write the electron dot notation for any atom in groups 1,2,13-18 Chapter 6 The Periodic Table and Periodic Law 1. Mendeleev arranged the elements by 2. Moseley arranged the elements by 3. The horizontal rows are called, the vertical columns are called 4. Know the names of the groups (a) Group 1 (b) Group 2 5. Locate the s, p, d, and f blocks (c) Group 17 (7A) (d) Group 18 (8A) Block Groups Block Groups s d p f 1. Locate the transition metals: Groups 2. Be able to differentiate between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids (semi-metals) on the periodic table. Give an example of each. a. Metal: b. Nonmetal: c. Metalloid: 3. What does the term malleable mean?
4. Define electronegativity. 5. Identify the periodic trends for atomic radius and ionization energy. a. Atomic radius as you move across a row on the periodic table. b. Atomic radius as you move down a group on the periodic table. c. Ionization energy as you move across a row on the periodic table. d. Ionization energy as you move down a group on the periodic table. 6. The shape of the s sublevel is, the shape of the p sublevel is 7. Elements with similar properties are organized into on the periodic table. Chapter 7 & 8 Ionic Compounds & Covalent Bonding 1. An ionic bond is. 2. A cation is a and an anion is a. 3. A monatomic ion is a and a polyatomic ion is a. 4. Know the charges of the ions in groups 1,2,13,15,16, and 17. 5. A covalent bond is. 6. Draw Lewis structures for molecules and polyatomic ions. (a) H 2 S (c) SiO 2 (b) SO 4 2- (d) CO 2 7. Name a compound when given its formula. (a) HNO 3 (e) IF 5 (b) XeO 3 (f) KMnO 4 (c) FeCl 3 (g) NO 2 (d) HI (h) H 2 SO 4 8. Write the formula of a compound when given its name. 1. potassium chloride 5. calcium hydroxide 2. cobalt (II) oxide 6. sulfur hexafluoride 3. phosphorous trichloride 7. disulfur decafluoride 4. phosphoric acid 8. hydrobromic acid
Chapter 9 Balancing Equations 1. Be able to tell the difference between a chemical or physical change. 2. Be able to write and balance equations, and identify the type. (a) aluminum + hydrochloric acid aluminum chloride + hydrogen (b) (c) (d) hydrogen sulfide + oxygen water + sulfur chlorine + sodium bromide sodium chloride + bromine bismuth sulfate + ammonium hydroxide bismuth hydroxide + ammonium sulfate