Run II Status and Prospects

Run II Status and Prospects Jeff Spalding Fermilab June 14, 2004 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 1

Contents Introduction Major elements of the Run II campaign Present performance Status of the upgrade projects Luminosity projection Summary Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 2

Run II goal: maximize integrated luminosity delivered to CDF & D0 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 3

with a program of upgrades throughout the complex Recycler Ring Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 4

Basis for the Plan: What drives the luminosity Peak Luminosity L= 3γ f 0 β * ( ) ( BN p ) N p F β* L,θ x, y,ε p, p,σ p, p ε p ) (1+ε p ε p ε p, ε pbar, form factor F, β* provide some gains But major improvements from bunch intensities especially total number of pbars BN pbar, (B=36 bunches for Run II) proton brightness (N p /ε p ) is constrained by beam-beam tune shift Luminosity lifetime (tunes, beam-beam interactions) Reliable Operation Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 5

Major Elements of the Run II Campaign Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 6

Operational improvements and upgrade projects Near Term (and ongoing) Improved reliability and operating efficiency Failure modes, abort system improvements Tevatron alignment Improved instrumentation throughout the complex Optimization of transfers, improved optics and helices in Tevatron Upgrade Projects Increase pbar production Slip stacking Pbar acceptance upgrade Stacking rate and stack size (stacktail, Recycler, e-cooling) Upgrade Tevatron for higher bunch intensities Helix TEL: active beam-beam compensation Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 7

Reliability The number of store hours per week is up 27% from FY03 - the TEV is a more reliable machine. Typical store length 15 hrs last year >24 hrs now Due to: Alignment of the TEV Dipole un-rolls, Low Beta alignment, Smart bolt retrofit Reliability strategy Aggressively pursue equipment failures Individual components and Systems (e.g. TEV abort system) Operations strategy With improved reliability run long stores More time to ensure large stack size Minimize the effects of store turnaround time Minimize impact of parasitic studies Short focused dedicated studies Configuration control Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 8

Dynamic plan adjust the strategy when new information from operations and project R&D Major Elements Upgrade Projects Increase number of protons on the pbar production target Slip stacking (5E12 >8E12 protons on pbar target) Upgrade the target itself to handle higher intensity Increase antiproton collection Increase the gradient of the antiproton collection lens Increase the aperture of the antiproton collection transfer line (AP2) and the Debuncher ring. Increase the antiproton stacking and storing capabilities Increase the flux capability of the Accumulator stacktail stochastic cooling system. Use the Recycler as a second antiproton storage ring, with both stochastic and electron cooling Upgrade Tevatron to handle higher intensity bunches. Improvements to helix separation and smoothness Active compensation for beam-beam tune shift using the TEL Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 9

Status of Operations Run I Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 10

Status: Integrated Luminosity 300 Compare the last 12 months to the year before Integrated Luminosity (pb -1 ) 250 200 150 100 Up 55% with 14% fewer scheduled running weeks Average integrated luminosity per week is up 80% 6/03-6/04 6/02-6/03 FY04 Design FY04 Base 50 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 Days Since June 1 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 11

Status: Peak Luminosity 80 Current best = 7.6E31 cm -2 s -1 * 70 60 Peak Luminosity ( b -1 /sec) 50 40 30 6/03-6/04 6/02-6/03 FY04 Design FY04 Base 20 10 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 Days Since June 1 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 12

Summary of Current Operations Booster running at record intensities Major improvements in transfer efficiencies and emittances, TEV tunes, optics and helix Improved reliability and operations allows longer stores larger stacks higher luminosity However, stacking rate is ~75% of current goal present focus of investigation and improvement for the stacktail and core cooling systems Near term: introduce mixed-source operation (pbars loaded from both Accumulator and Recycler) first [pilot] store 6/9/04 successful (6.7E31) And slip-stacking by end of 04 ( already tested at 75% of design intensity) awaits completion of RF upgrade Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 13

Status of the Upgrade Projects Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 14

Main Injector Slip Stacking (goal x1.8ppp on pbar tgt) Excellent progress Tested @ 6 x 10 12 and 1.5 nsec bunch length on pbar target Reliable operation >8 x 10 12 requires RF upgrade (beam-loading compensation) On track for end of this year. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 15

Pbar Source Pbar Acceptance (goal: x2) Lithium Lens (goal x 1.1) Prototype of new design (higher field gradient) bench test successful AP2 and Debuncher aperture increase (goal x1.8) Developed procedures for beam-based identification of limiting apertures, identified components to modify Stacktail cooling upgrade Cooling system upgrade (extends the bandwith 2-4 2-6 GHz) Requires the large stack to be in Recycler (with e-cool), and rapid transfers Not [easily] reversible emphasize a phased approach Interim upgrade (05) [NEW] Reconfigure existing cooling tanks -quick and reversible Simulated performance ~30E10 per hr Full upgrade, with new cooling tanks (06) Simulated performance ~40E10 per hr Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 16

Recycler The Recycler has made excellent progress over the past year Transverse emittance growth is no longer an issue (vacuum problems solved) Met the performance specs needed for commissioning electron cooling Ready to be integrated into operations (with stochastic cooling) Provides possibility for interim operating phase [NEW] Extract pbars from both Accumulator and Recycler: mixed-source e.g. 24 bunches from the Accumulator + 12 bunches from the Recycler A few (2-4) interim transfers from Accumulator to Recycler Improves average stacking rate in the Accumulator Reasons Push Recycler commissioning progress by plunging it into operations Potential luminosity enhancement more pbars for smaller emittances Break-even right now, potential for up to 20% gain in the next year Flexibility in the Run II Upgrade schedule Merge more naturally into commissioning electron cooling Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 17

Electron Cooling R&D program on e-beam is complete, now moving the setup to the Recycler R&D scheduled stretched by ~2 months NOT BAD! Operational test of the full system successful All major components, diagnostics and controls developed and tested Beam properties achieved close to spec (analysis ongoing) Will add additional Pelletron section at Recycler reliable operation at 4.3 MeV Commission e-beam and then pbar cooling in Recycler, parasitic to HEP, then intro e-cooled stacks to HEP (05) Still R&D (until pbar cooling demonstrated next year), but excellent progress Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 18

Tevatron Major improvements so far Lifetime at 150 GeV Larger aperture, alignment and dipole un-rolls Emittance dilution reduced De-coupling at TEV injection, optimization of injection optics Helix improvements CDF IP Centered beam in low beta quads (4mm move at CDF), and realigned the quadrupoles New Low Beta Optics 20% increase in luminosity Upgrades Further alignment improvements in shutdown 04 (and 05) Add separators and polarity switches in shutdown 04 and 05 improved helices Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 19

Luminosity Projections Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 20

Luminosity Projection Luminosity model incorporates Performance parameters from simulation, parametric model and data Long term operating experience Sustained average store length was 15 hrs (now >24) Sustained average 85 store hrs/week (operating weeks often >>100) Scheduled shutdowns + turn on & recovery + learning slopes Expect to do better on some parameters, worse on others What s new The following plots are from Feb04 DOE review Illustrate strategy Updated projection will be similar in scale We are in the process of updating the projections for: e-cooling and stacktail schedules and strategy Improved reliability (longer stores and stacking) Mixed-source op - assume break even (conservative) Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 21

Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review) 10 Integrated Luminosity Integrated Luminosity (fb -1 ) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Design Projection - No schedule contingency, maintains eng. design margin per subproject Base Projection - Assumes schedule slip for all subprojects and that all subprojects under perform Design Projection Base Projection 2 1 0 9/29/03 9/29/04 9/30/05 10/1/06 10/2/07 10/2/08 10/3/09 Start of Fiscal Year Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 22

Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review) Integrated Luminosity per Week (pb -1 ) We are here 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Phase 1 (FY04) Phase 3 (Recycler & Electron Cooling) Phase 2 (Slip Stacking) Integrated Luminosity per Week Phase 4 (Stacktail upgrade) Phase 5 (Tevatron upgrades complete) Phase 6 (No upgrade-related studies) Design Projection Base Projection 9/29/03 9/29/04 9/30/05 10/1/06 10/2/07 10/2/08 10/3/09 Start of Fiscal Year Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 23

Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) Our plan is to deliver the Design Projection but develop strategy for fallback scenarios: Base Projection models schedule slip and under-performance for all upgrades Can also ask: where would we be without Recycler & e-cooling? with e-cooling, but without stacktail upgrade? Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 24

Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) Design Projection Electron Cooling Stacktail Upgrade Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 32π-mm-mrad Slip Stacking at 8x10 12 ppp Av. Stk Rate = 39x10 10 /hr Stk in Accum = 20x10 10 Stk in Rec r = 570x10 10 Base Projection As above with sched & param slip Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 25π Slip Stacking at 7x10 12 ppp Av. Stk Rate = 24x10 10 /hr Stk in Accum = 24x10 10 Stk in Rec r = 360x10 10 Black Projection NO Electron Cooling NO Stacktail Upgrade Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 21π Slip Stacking at 7x10 12 Av. Stk Rate = 14x10 10 /hr Stk in Accum = 205x10 10 Stk in Rec r = 0x10 10 Purple Projection Electron Cooling NO Stacktail Upgrade Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 20π Slip Stacking at 8x10 12 Av. Stk Rate = 23x10 10 /hr Stk in Acum = 58x10 10 Stk in Rec r = 337x10 10 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 25

Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) 50 Branch points from Design Projection Design Integrated Luminosity per Week (pb-1 40 30 20 10 Stacktail Upgd ready to install Rapid transfers Acc Upgd on track 8/8/05 e-cooling antiprotons for HEP 6/1/05 Purple Black Assumes average store length 15 hrs with e-cooling, but w/o stacktail upgd without e-cooling & stacktail upgd 0 9/29/03 9/29/04 9/30/05 10/1/06 10/2/07 10/2/08 10/3/09 Start of Fiscal Year Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 26

Strategy Changes Integrated Luminosity per Week (pb-1) 50 40 30 20 10 WARNING: curves not yet updated changes in green to be implemented e-cooling and interim stacktail upgrade will be delayed to fall 2005, full upgrade in 06 mixed-source interim Stacktail upgrade Design Purple Black operation longer stores 0 9/29/03 9/29/04 9/30/05 10/1/06 10/2/07 10/2/08 10/3/09 Start of Fiscal Year Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 27

Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) 10 9 8.5 fb-1 8 Integrated Luminosity (fb-1) 7 6 5 4 3 Design Purple Black Base 6.5 4.4 2 1 0 9/29/03 9/29/04 9/30/05 10/1/06 10/2/07 10/2/08 10/3/09 Start of Fiscal Year Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 28

Summary Current performance is above the design projection 80% higher weekly luminosity than a year ago Major achievements in the last year (Tevatron perf, Recycler ) There is a complex-wide plan for the Run II campaign Plan is dynamic: schedule/scope adjustments, mixed-source, capitalize on improved reliability The upgrade projects are making good technical progress The plan and progress are formally reviewed by DOE With the updated plan, expect the design projection to be close to the previous 8.5 fb -1 2009, with fall-back scenarios >4.5 fb -1 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding 29