Unit 3 Study Guide -- Greenberg science, 6C Name Pd. Date / / 2018 + +5 extra credit points on the test if submitted complete and correct ON THE TEST DATE. + A copy can be found on my website mgreenberg.weebly.com + Answer key will be posted 3-5 school days prior to the test. 1. What does deposition cause? a. Slow loss of rock and soil b. Quick loss of rock and soil c. Slow gain of rock and soil d. Slow loss of rock and soil 2. What does NOT cause erosion? a. Wind b. Rain c. Sunlight d. Ice 3. What causes an increase of erosion? a. Glacier movement b. Human activity c. Flash floods d. Wind 4. When rock breaks down and mixes into soil, what is it called? a. Erosion b. Weathering c. Deposition d. Decomposition 6. What does weathering add to the composition of soil? a. Sediment b. Nutrients c. Moisture d. color 7. Which of the following choices can be described as an example of chemical weathering? a. Weathering of rocks in a desert due to rapid rise/fall of temperatures b. Deposition of silt along banks of Mississippi River c. Layer of oxide formed on statues made of metal d. Erosion of land caused by receding glaciers 8. What does the following picture show? 5. Dark brown or black color caused by decayed, organic material, as seen above, is called what? a. Silt b. Loam c. Clay d. Humus a. Blue Ridge Mountains b. Grand Canyon c. Random rock formation d. Pumpkin Canyon
9. Which statement is TRUE about weathering in dry environments, such as the desert? a. It is impossible to identify the type of weathering that has occurred b. Physical weathering is usually more evident than chemical weathering c. Chemical weathering is absent because of a lack of humidity d. Physical weathering does not play a significant role in dry environments 10. Define humus. a. Describes soil that is not fertile b. A type of soil that cannot retain water for long periods of time c. The broken down remains of plants and animals d. Mixture of man-made articles such as plastic and glass 11. What grows well in humus? a. Animals b. Paper c. Plants d. Plastic 12. How can a burrowing animal affect the fertility of soil? a. They loosen the soil and make it difficult for plant roots to take a firm grip b. They feed on the nutrients in the soil leaving little for plants to absorb c. They decompose the remains of plants and animals and add nutrients to the soil d. They provide means by which air can enter the soil and reach the roots of plants 13. What is a landslide? a. Mud and dirt b. A natural event that destroys and creates landforms on earth. c. Creates small rocks d. A volcano that makes lava and then makes small rocks 14. A landslide is a. Both destructive and constructive b. Destructive c. Constructive d. None of the above 15. Why are plants and lichens important to rocks? a. They physically and chemically weather rocks b. They physically and chemically erode rocks c. They physically and chemically deposit rocks d. They physically and chemically build rocks 16. Sand dunes are created through which two processes? a. Wind and water b. Erosion and deposition c. Weathering and erosion d. Physical and chemical weathering 17. Use the above photo to imagine a sand dune. How are sand dunes created? a. Wind b. Rain c. Ice d. Particles
18. Imagine that a huge, gigantic and jagged rock sits on top of a windy cliff. How will the rock change over a period of many years? It will become. a. Large and smooth b. Small and smooth c. Big and less smooth d. Small and less smooth 19. Rocks may fall due to gravity and then build up at the base of a cliff due to. a. A mudslide b. Mudflow c. Landslide d. Avalanche 20. Stone mountain will look vastly different in a million years. What kind of destructive force will be the cause of this change? a. Earthquakes b. Faulting c. Erosion and weathering d. Volcanoes 21. Blowing sand can wear away a rock s surface and break it into smaller pieces. This example of weathering is caused by what force? a. Rain b. Wind c. Ice d. Weathering 22. What is one example of physical weathering? a. Water freezes in the cracks of rocks and then expands, breaking rocks apart. b. Water boils in the cracks of rocks, then shrinks, making the rocks stick together. c. Water freezes in the cracks of rocks and then shrinks, making the rock smaller. d. Water boils in the cracks of rocks and then stays the same, giving the rock an unchanged appearance. 23. An example of a landslide is. a. Gravity causing volcanoes to crumble and fall. New volcanoes develop at the bottom of the original volcano. b. Gravity causes an avalanche on a steep hill. c. Gravity can cause hillsides to crumble and fall. New landforms develop at the bottoms of mountains and hills. d. Gravity can cause hillsides to remain upright. Other landforms develop next to and above the hillsides. 24. Which one of the following is NOT an example of how rocks can be weathered? a. Living things, like moss and lichens, chemically break down rocks b. Plant roots can grow between cracks in rocks. c. Rock pieces are moved from place to place d. Water fills tiny spaces inside a rock. 25. This feature of Earth s crust is most often the result of weathering and erosion by water. It is a a. Delta b. Plain c. Valley d. Canyon 26. All BUT one of the following choices is a type of erosion that forms lakes. Natural lakes are always formed by erosion. a. Wind b. Gravity c. Rivers d. Glaciers
27. What is physical weathering? a. cycles of hot and cold temperatures which expand and contract rock in combination with constant wind and water which eventually leads to rocks cracking and breaking down to form sedimentary rock b. cycles of cold temperatures which expand rock in combination with constant wind and water which eventually leads to rocks cracking and breaking down to form sedimentary rock c. cycles of hot temperatures which contract rock in combination with constant wind and water which eventually leads to rocks cracking and breaking down to form sedimentary rock d. cycles of warm temperatures which do nothing to rock in combination with constant wind and water which eventually leads to rocks cracking and breaking down to form sedimentary rock 28. What is the term used that describes when bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper? a. Deposition b. Chemical weathering c. Lithification d. Physical weathering 29. Define abrasion. a. grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through mechanical action of other rock/sand particles b. process where rock materials broken down by physical and chemical processes c. process where rocks break down because of chemical reactions d. rain, sleet, or snow that has high concentration of acids 30. Low elevations lead to a. Weathering b. Flash floods c. Deposition d. Erosion 31. The Grand Canyon was created through the process of. a. Glacier movement b. Weathering and erosion c. Weathering only d. Erosion only 32. The best example of gravity is a. Landslide b. The Grand Canyon c. Erosion d. Deposition 33. Why do sand dunes move from one place to another? a. Waves b. Tides c. Running water d. Wind 34. What is the purpose of a fossil? a. They show Earth s past through changes in Earth s climate and surface features over time b. They show Earth s past through changes in only Earth s climate c. They show Earth s past through changes in only Earth s surface features d. They show Earth s past through global warming in today s climate
35. Imagine a medium hill. Now, imagine that a seashell sits atop that hill. What does this show? a. The hill was once under the ocean b. Sea animals such as dolphins used to live on land c. Seashells may not always come from living things d. ALL hills were once located under the ocean 36. Use the above image to help you imagine that you found a palm tree in the snowy climate of Antarctica. What would the palm tree say about the climate there? a. It was once colder b. It has always remained the same c. It was once warmer d. It is becoming warmer now 37. A person discovered that a fish fossil is older than the fossil of a seashell. What can you conclude about the discovery? a. A fossil of a fish is found in a layer of rock AT THE SAME LEVEL of the fossil of a seashell. b. A fossil of a fish is found in a layer of rock ABOVE the fossil of a seashell. c. A fossil of a fish is found in a layer of rock BELOW the fossil of a seashell. d. None of the above 38. What is soil composed of? a. Weathered rock b. weathered rock and organic matter c. Organic matter d. Plants 39. What is the order of soil composition? a. Bedrock, subsoil, topsoil b. Subsoil, bedrock, topsoil c. Topsoil, subsoil, bedrock d. Topsoil, bedrock, subsoil 40. Which of the following does NOT contain organic material? a. Grass b. Plants c. Flowers d. Rocks 41. Minerals and nutrients are constantly being produced in new soil. What process is responsible for their production? a. Plant production b. Animal burrowing c. production of acids by bacteria and fungi d. Fungi growth 42. What is the greatest cause of erosion prevention? a. Plant roots b. Mining c. Farming d. Digging 43. Imagine that acid rain dissolves a building in Atlanta. What type of weathering is this? a. Chemical weathering b. Physical weathering c. Metamorphic weathering d. Hybrid weathering 44. A cracked rock is usually a result of what? a. Dethawing b. Freezing c. Heating d. Banging on it with a hammer 45. The Grand Canyon was created through weathering. a. Mechanical weathering b. Chemical weathering c. Hybrid weathering d. None of the above
46. Which of the following soil layers is the oldest? a. the layer containing trilobites b. The layer containing megabytes c. The layer containing fish d. The layer containing rocks 47. Which of the below soil layers is the youngest? a. A b. B c. C d. D 48. Which of the below layers has organic material? a. Layer A b. Layer B c. Layer C d. Layer O
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. A 47. A