Journal #1: How might an Anatomist and Physiologist see a computer differently? Objective #1: Define Anatomy and Physiology and describe various specialties of each discipline. Identify the major levels of organism organization from the simplest to most complex Identify the organ systems of the human body and the major components of each system.
Chapter 1- An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Part 1: * Interactive notes to correspond with pages 4-10
An Introduction to Studying the Human Body Anatomy- the study of the structures of the body and their relationship to each other Gross Anatomy- MACROSCOPIC Surface- or superficial Regional- focusing on specific areas of the body Systemic- how organ groups function together Developmental- focus on changes between conception and maturity also known as embryology Microscopic Anatomy- Needs Magnification Cytology- analysis of cells Histology- examination of tissues
An Introduction to Studying the Human Body Physiology studies the functions of the human body Cell- analyzes the chemical processes within and between cells Special specialized or focuses on specific organs Systemic includes the functioning of entire organ systems Pathological studies the effect of diseases on organs and organ systems
Levels of Organization Chemical or Molecular Cellular Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism
Journal #1: What is a thermostat? How does it work? What is it s purpose? FUN FACT: The human head remains conscious for 15-20 seconds after it has been decapitated. Objective 1: Explain Homeostasis and it s significance for organisms. Describe how negative and positive feedback are involved in homeostatic regulation.
Chapter 1- An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Part 2 Homeostasis: * Interactive notes to correspond with pages 11-14
Homeostasis A condition in which the internal environment of the body(extracellular fluid) remains constant. Chemical composition Temperature Pressure A failure to maintain homeostasis results in DEATH!!! How does a jellyfish maintain homeostasis?
Homeostatic regulation The adjustment of physiological systems to maintain homeostasis. Autoregulation- cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjust in response to change. Extrinsic Regulation- nervous or endocrine systems adjust the activities of multiple systems simultaneously.
Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanism Receptor Senses environmental change External stimuli Control Center Receives & processes stimuli Sends out command Effector Cell or organ that responds to a command
Negative Feedback Primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation A stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus Example: Control of Body Temperature
Positive Feedback Rare Stimulus creates a response that enhances the original condition rather than opposing it Can be dangerous or common in stressful conditions
Systems Integration, Equilibrium, & Homeostasis Occurs when opposing processes or forces are in balance Loss of Homeostasis indicates system abnormality- disease or damage.
Journal #4: Describe how to get to student services from here. So about 60% of our bodies are water. What would be your dry weight? Objective: Use anatomical terms to describe body sections, regions, and positions Identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions.
Chapter 1- An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Part 3 Frames of Reference: * Interactive notes to correspond with pages 15-22 Anatomy uses a special language to describe body sections, regions, and relative positions. Review Figures 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, & 1-10
Anatomical Position Hands at side, palms facing forward Standing front = anterior Standing back = posterior Laying face up = supine Laying face down = prone
Anatomical Landmarks Based on the structure it is located on or near Example: Gluteus or buttock region near gluteus muscles
Anatomical Regions Clinicians use 4 quadrants Useful reference for description of pain or injury. RLQ tenderness is a symptom of Appendicitis Anatomists us 9 abdominopelvic regions
Anatomical Directions
Sectional Anatomy 3 planes needed to describe a 3 dimensional object Transverse - cross section Frontal- cut in half front & back Sagittal- cut in half with 2 equal sides
Body Cavities (Spaces) Ventral Thoracic Dorsal Abdominopelvic Cranial Cavity Vertebral Cavity Internal chambers with 2 functions: Protect delicate organs Allow for change in shape or size of internal organs without disruption of surrounding tissues
Membranes Isolate and protect the organs Serous Membranes Visceral- next to the organ Parietal- next to the wall of the cavity
Ventral Body Cavity (coelom) Divided by the diaphragm into the Thoracic cavity Pericardial cavity - heart Pleural Cavity - lungs Abdominopelvic cavity
Mediastinum Divides thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities
Abdominopelvic Cavity Peritoneal Abdominal Pelvic Liver Stomach Spleen Intestines Intestines Bladder Reproductive organs
Journal #5: Which 2 cavities are in the thoracic cavity? Which 2 are in the abdominopelvic? Fun Fact: The human brain cell can hold 5 times as much information as the Encyclopedia Britannica. Scientists have yet to settle on a definitive amount, but the storage capacity of the brain in electronic terms is thought to be between 3 or even 1,000 terabytes. Objective: Use anatomical terms to describe body sections, regions, and positions Identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions.