Scientific Revolution
IN the 1600 s, a few scholars published works that challenged the ideas of the ancient thinkers and the church.. Old assumptions were replaced with new theories, they launched a change in European thought called the Scientific Revolution.
Causes of the Scientific Revolution 1. The development of the scientific method 2. The Printing Press to spread ideas 3. World exploration
During Middle Ages Europeans believed: Earth was flat Earth was the center of the universe- geocentric theory Church reasoned the people s home earth- must be the center of the universe
Out with the Old and in with the New Old Scholars relied on: ancient authorities Church teachings Common sense Reasoning to explain the physical world New In time scholars began to use: Observation Experimentation Scientific reasoning to gather knowledge and draw conclusions
New Theories about the Universe
Copernicus At the forefront of the Scientific Revolution was Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus studied planetary movement for over 25 years and reasoned that the stars, earth and other planets revolved around the sun Heliocentric theory: sun-centered Wrote: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
Fearing persecution, he didn t publish his findings until 1543
Other scientists took Copernicus ideas and explored even further into the study of the universe. Tycho Brahe: set up an observatory to study heavenly bodies and accumulated data on planetary movement
Kepler Father of Celestial Mechanics A German,Johannes Kepler used Bahne s data with goal of providing mathematical proof for Copernicus hypothesis.
Kepler proved planets revolved around the sun
Kepler : 3 laws of planetary motion: Tides caused by the moon Sun rotates Measured stellar distance
KEPLER Father of Modern Optics Eyeglasses Telescopes Derived birth year of Christ
Frenchman Rene Descartes believed truth must be reached through reason Descartes invented analytical geometry. He doubted everything but his own existence. I think therefore I am.
Challenging the Church
1609- Galileo Galilei built his own telescope and observed the night sky Galileo supported Copernicus s theory that the earth revolved around the sun
1610- Galileo publishes his ideas Catholic Church bans the book!! Church could not tolerate Galileo s ideas that contradicted it own position. People would start to question other church teachings!!
The Pope summons Galileo to Rome.Threatened with torture,galileo is forced to recant ( take back ) his statements. Galileo lived under house arrest for the remainder of his life.
By mid 1600 s accomplishments of Kepler and Galileo had shattered old views of astronomy and physics. Later, English scientist Isaac Newton helped bring all their research together in a single theory of motion.
New Ways of Thinking Francis Bacon developed a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas The Scientific Method
Scientific Process Observation Question Hypothesis Experimentation Conclusion
Sir Isaac Newton developed the theory of universal gravity, explaining why the planets move as they do.
Newton s theory asserted that gravity holds the universe together.
To prove his theory of gravity, Newton developed Calculus,a system of mathematical formulas that calculates changing forces of quantities.
Investigating the Human body
Flemish physician, Andreas Vesalius dissected human corpses and published his observations. His book, On the Fabric of the Human Body, was filled with detailed drawings of human organs,bones and muscle.
English physician, William Harvey concluded that blood circulates through the body
Harvey asserted that blood is pumped by the heart and returns through the veins.
Harvey described the function of blood vessels
Robert Hooke discovers the cell.
Hooke s microscope. Hooke called them cells because they reminded him of the cells in a honeycomb.
Discoveries in Chemistry Robert Boyle Founder of Modern Chemistry Wrote: The Sceptical Chymist
Discoveries in Chemistry Old Belief Elements were Earth Water Fire Air
Discoveries in Chemistry Boyle's Law PV=k, where k is constant and the temperature is constant
Discoveries in Chemistry Louis Pasteur Developed milk that would not go bad Vaccine for rabies
In the years to come the Scientific Revolution would profoundly alter humanity's view of the world.
People of the Scientific Revolution Clear desk Take out notes Close book
Please remain standing until the Assignment is complete Groups of no more than Four students Take a bag and finish the Scientific Chart Puzzle When chart is done fill out missing chart Fill out exit quiz
People of the Scientific Revolution