PROTECT YOUR PROPERTY! FROM NEW INVASIVE WEEDS 1 2 INTRODUCTIONS Sam Samuel Leininger, WeedWise Program Manager 3 THE GOAL FOR TODAY 4 PLEASE, SAVE YOUR CONTROL QUESTIONS UNTIL THE END is to make sure that all of you know how to identify and report priority invasive weeds; and access resources to help protect your property from these new invaders 1
WHAT ARE INVASIVE WEEDS? OTHER TERMS YOU MAY HEAR 5 6 They are plants that live outside their historic geographical range, and whose aggressive growth habit has a detrimental effect on our social, economic, or ecologic resources. Weeds any plant growing in an undesirable location Non-Native (aka exotic, alien, and non-indigenous) any plant not known to historically occur in an area Invasives plants or animals that exhibit aggressive growth that displaces other plants or animals Noxious weeds that have been legally designated as pests by a listing authority. Garlic mustard Gorse WHY SHOULD WE BE CONCERNED? THE COST OF INVASIVE SPECIES 7 8 INVASIVE WEEDS Exclude and replace native vegetation Alter habitat structure and function Disrupt food webs, which adversely affect fish and wildlife Pose a threat to human health and property Harm crops and increase the cost of our food and resources Result in a degraded landscape that is less Oregon-like Invasive species reduce US output by $143 billion per year. Oregonians endure a loss of $83.5 million per year from just 25 of its 123 noxious weeds. If these 25 highlighted noxious weeds are left unchecked they will result in an estimated loss of $1.8 billion per year in personal income and 40,800 jobs. Sources: The Economics of Invasive Species, Oregon Invasive Species Council, 2009 Economic Impact From Selected Noxious Weeds in Oregon, Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2014 Yellow Starthistle Giant Hogweed 2
WHO HAS INVASIVE WEEDS? EVERYONE! 9 10 11 HOW CAN WE DEFEND AGAINST THESE INVADERS? 12 PRACTICE PREVENTION Familiarize yourself with invasive weeds in your area & teach others about them Buy only certified seed mixes, and only those with no weed seed. Watch for hitchhikers in nursery stock and monitor new introductions for aggressive behavior Be careful when purchasing animal feed to ensure its free of invasives. Buy locally and know your producer Clean equipment, boots, and socks after visiting a weedy area and before visiting a weed-free area 3
13 EARLY DETECTION AND RAPID RESPONSE (EDRR) 14 EDRR is the most low-impact and cost-effective way to address the problem of invasive plants, short of preventing the problem in the first place. WARNING GEEKY SCIENCE GRAPH AHEAD 15 INVASIVE SPECIES ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT CURVE 16 EARLY DETECTION AND RAPID RESPONSE (EDRR) EDRR $ Adapted from Hobbs and Humphries 1995 4
17 EARLY DETECTION AND RAPID RESPONSE (EDRR) Focuses on identification of a priority list of high risk invasive weeds Relies upon detection of small populations of these priority invasive weeds Requires control of these invaders while they are still small and manageable 18 LETS LEARN TO IDENTIFY THE 1. Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) 2. False brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) 3. Starthistles (Centaurea sp.) a. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) b. Purple starthistle (Centaurea calcitrapa) 4. Spurge laurel (Daphne laureola) 5. Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) 6. Policeman s helmet (Impatiens glandulifera) 7. Knotweeds (Fallopia sp.) a. Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) b. Giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis) c. Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia bohemica) 8. Goatsrue (Galega officinalis) 9. Orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) 10. Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) 11. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) 12. Gorse (Ulex europaeus) Orange Hawkweed 19 GARLIC MUSTARD (Alliaria petiolata) 20 GARLIC MUSTARD DISTRIBUTION 5
21 GARLIC MUSTARD (Alliaria petiolata) 22 FALSE BROME (Brachypodium sylvaticum) garlic-like odor when leaves are crushed hook shaped tap-root Small white four petaled flowers Leaves on flowering stem deltoid Siliques formation after flowering Most easily recognized in the spring when second year plants are in bloom. forest understory, roadsides, urban areas, riparian areas, along hiking trails, and on agricultural lands. 23 FALSE BROME DISTRIBUTION 24 FALSE BROME (Brachypodium sylvaticum) Hairy stems Single row of hairs along edge of leaf Spikelets on short stalks 6
FALSE BROME (Brachypodium sylvaticum) 26 FALSE BROME (Brachypodium sylvaticum) Spikelets on short stalks Hairy stems and leaves Spikelets on short stalks leaf and inflorescence lax Bright green coloration Throughout the year False brome Columbia brome Spikelets stalked Native look a like: Columbia Brome False brome grows primarily in coniferous forest understory, riparian forests, and upland prairies. 27 YELLOW & PURPLE STARTHISTLE (Centaurea solistialis & C. calcitrapa) 28 YELLOW STARTHISTLE DISTRIBUTION 7
29 PURPLE STARTHISTLE DISTRIBUTION 30 YELLOW & PURPLE STARTHISTLE (Centaurea solistialis & C. calcitropa) Yellow Starthistle Yellow flowers & sharp spines White cottony hairs on stems and leaves Winged stems Purple Starthistle Purple flowers & sharp spines White cottony hairs on stems and leaves Rosettes will have a ring of thorns at the center Throughout the year, flowering occurs July through August Grows in grasslands and pastures, edges of cropland, roadsides, and disturbed areas. SPURGE LAUREL (Daphne laureola) 31 32 WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH PLANTS WITHOUT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING! 8
SPURGE LAUREL DISTRIBUTION SPURGE LAUREL (Daphne laureola) 33 34 Leaves arranged spirally and cluster at the shoot tips. yellow-green, bell-shaped flowers that emit a honey-like fragrance. Green berries that ripen to dark purple or black. It is found year-round, blooming March - May. Forest understory, parks, yards, and gardens 35 GOATSRUE (Galega officinalis) 36 GOATSRUE DISTRIBUTION 9
37 GOATSRUE (Galega officinalis) 38 GIANT HOGWEED (Heracleum mantegazzianum) Herbaceous shrub 2-6 ft in height Pinnately compound mucronate leaflets No twining vines Hollow stems White to purple pea-like flowers Most easily recognized from June through early fall when plants are in full bloom. roadsides, urban areas, riparian areas, and gardens GIANT HOGWEED DISTRIBUTION 39 40 WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH PLANTS WITHOUT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING! 10
GIANT HOGWEED (Heracleum mantegazzianum) GIANT HOGWEED LOOK-A-LIKES 41 42 Tall plant (10-15 ft). Large umbrella shaped flowers. Hollow stalks with raised red-purple blotches that have a single bristled hair in the center. Large (2-5ft wide) deeply incised leaves Look for flowers in May through July. Unmaintained urban areas, vacant lots, and areas near know establishments, roadsides, streams, rivers, and riparian areas. Cow Parsnip (Heracleum lanatum) Soft & Fuzzy Hair Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum) INVASIVE KNOTWEEDS (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, & F. bohemica) JAPANESE KNOTWEED DISTRIBUTION 43 44 11
GIANT KNOTWEED DISTRIBUTION BOHEMIAN KNOTWEED DISTRIBUTION 45 46 47 INVASIVE KNOTWEEDS (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, & F. bohemica) 48 ORANGE HAWKWEED (Hieracium aurantiacum) Tall clump forming plants 5 to 15 feet tall Flattened to heart shaped leaves Small White flowers Large bamboo-like stems It can been seen growing from spring to early fall Identified easiest while flowering in June September It can be found in stream edges, roadsides, wetlands, and gardens, 12
49 ORANGE HAWKWEED DISTRIBUTION 50 ORANGE HAWKWEED (Hieracium aurantiacum) Dandelion-like plants with multiple orange flower heads Bristly hairs located on the stems Stems are leafless Milky sap Spreads vegetative through stoloniferous roots Hawkweeds can be found during their flowering period, from late May/early June through to September Open fields, mountain meadows, clearings in forest zones, and along roadsides. 51 POLICEMAN S HELMET (Impatiens glandulifera) 52 POLICEMAN S HELMET DISTRIBUTION 13
POLICEMAN S HELMET (Impatiens glandulifera) PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE (Lythrum salicaria) 53 54 Tall annual plant reaching up to 10 feet in height Shallow root system Hood shaped white to purple flower with distinct spur at flower base Explosive seed pods It can been seen actively growing throughout the spring and summer months Identified easiest while flowering in June August It can be found in wetlands, roadside ditches, river banks, and gardens, 55 PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE DISTRIBUTION 56 PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE (Lythrum salicaria) Tall clump forming plants Magenta flowers Square to angular stems It can been seen actively growing throughout the spring and summer months Identified easiest while flowering in June August It can be found in wetlands, roadside ditches, river banks, and gardens, 14
KUDZU (Pueraria lobata) KUDZU DISTRIBUTION 57 58 KUDZU (Pueraria lobata) GORSE (Ulex europaeus) 59 60 Large climbing vine with velvety brown stems Compound leaf with three fuzzy lobed leaflets Pea-like flowers emerge in midsummer and smells like grape I can been seen growing through the spring and summer months It flowers in late summer and early fall. It can be found along roadsides, river banks, gardens, hedges, disturbed forest, or forest edges. 15
GORSE DISTRIBUTION GORSE (Ulex europaeus) 61 62 Spiny evergreen shrub Yellow pea-like flowers Fuzzy seed pods on spiny stems Can been seen growing throughout the year, but flowers in late winter and early spring - February-April It can be found on disturbed sites, fields, pastures, riparian corridors, logged areas, and burned sites RECOGNIZE INVASIVENESS 64 63 IS YOUR BRAIN FULL YET? Keep your eyes open for new plants that you may have never seen before, especially if they pop up in disturbed areas. Monitor your property for plants that increase in abundance and start to displace other species. Look for large patches of a single plant Once a potential problem is found, make sure to get your weeds identified by your local weed expert. Spurge laurel 16
65 WHERE TO GET HELP WITH ID 66 SO YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE FOUND ONE OF THESE WEEDS? County Weed Control District Soil and Water Conservation Districts County Extension Office Cooperative Weed Management Areas Oregon Department of Agriculture University Herbaria Double check the identification Record locations on a map or collect GPS points Record the size of the infestation How many feet wide and long Estimate the number of plants Record a written description of the plant Flower color Leaf shape and size Take a digital picture Take a photo of the habitat A close up of the flower A close up of the leaf Include another object for scale OREGON INVASIVES HOTLINE SELECT YOUR COUNTY 67 68 http://www.oregoninvasiveshotline.org 17
FIND YOUR LOCATION OR ENTER GPS COORDINTES 69 70 71 INCLUDE THE SPECIES, LOCATION, SIZE, AND YOUR CONTACT INFORMATION 72 ANOTHER WAY TO REPORT 1-866-INVADER 18
73 WHEN YOU REPORT A PRIORITY INVASIVE WEED VIA THE HOTLINE You will be notified by email verifying that your report has been submitted Your report will be examined and verified by a invasive species expert You will receive an email explaining the findings of the expert A plan will be developed to control the species as soon as possible An IPM based control practice will be implemented as soon as possible. Control and assistance will differ from location to location depending on local resources. 74 REPORT YOUR INVASIVE WEEDS TO ACCESS AVAILABLE RESOURCES Your local Soil and Water Conservation Districts or NRCS Service Center may have grants and cost share program that can provide free or discounted control of priority weeds Your County Weed Control District, Extension office, or Cooperative Weed Management Area will also have information about how best to control your priority weed Many Municipalities have assistance programs as well to control invasives. Purple loosestrife HOW YOUR REPORTS HELP 75 They help reduce the cost of controlling invasive weeds by allowing land managers to take rapid action to control a priority invasive Reports are typically made near land you own or manage, and these help to protect your property. They help us to better understand invasion rates and allow us to prioritize our efforts. 76 THANKS FOR LISTENING! Questions? Giant Hogweed 19