Richmond Public Schools Department of Curriculum and Instruction Curriculum Pacing and Resource Guide ~ Unit Plan Course Title/ Course #: Virginia Studies 4 th Grade Unit Title/ Marking Period # (MP): Looking To Unearth Jamestown / MP1 Start day: Day 1 Meetings (Length of Unit): 20 days Desired Results ~ What will students be learning? Standards of Learning/ Standards VS.1 The student will demonstrate skills for historical and geographical analysis and responsible citizenship, including the ability to: a) identify and interpret artifacts and primary and secondary source documents to understand events in history; b) determine cause-and-effect relationships; c) compare and contrast historical events; d) draw conclusions and make generalizations; e) make connections between past and present; f) sequence events in Virginia history; g) interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives; h) evaluate and discuss issues orally and in writing; i) analyze and interpret maps to explain relationships among landforms, water features, climatic characteristics, and historical events. 3.5a-e The student will develop map skills by: a) positioning and labeling the seven continents and five oceans to create a world map; b) using the equator and prime meridian to identify the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Hemispheres; c) locating the countries of Spain, England, and France; d) locating the regions in the Americas explored by Christopher Columbus (San Salvador in the Bahamas), Juan Ponce de León (near St. Augustine, Florida), Jacques Cartier (near Québec, Canada), and Christopher Newport (Jamestown, Virginia); e) locating specific places, using a simple letter-number grid system. Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 1
VS.2 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the physical geography and native peoples, past and present, of Virginia by: a) locating Virginia and its bordering states on maps of the United States; b) locating and describing Virginia s Coastal Plain (Tidewater), Piedmont, Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau; c) locating and identifying water features important to the early history of Virginia (Atlantic Ocean, Chesapeake Bay, James River, York River, Potomac River, Rappahannock River, and Lake Drummond and the Dismal Swamp); d) locating three American Indian language groups (the Algonquian, the Siouan, and the Iroquoian) on a map of Virginia; e) describing how American Indians related to the climate and their environment to secure food, clothing, and shelter; f) describing how archaeologists have recovered new material evidence at sites including Werowocomoco and Jamestown; g) identifying and locating the current state-recognized tribes. VS.10 The student will demonstrate knowledge of government, geography, and economics by b) describing the major products and industries of Virginia s five geographic regions; VS.3 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the first permanent English settlement in America by: b) describing how geography influenced the decision to settle at Jamestown; f) describing the hardships faced by settlers at Jamestown and the changes that took place to ensure survival; g) describing the interactions between the English settlers and the native peoples, including the contributions of Powhatan to the survival of the settlers. Essential Understandings/ Big Ideas Students will be able to answer the following questions to understand the geography of Virginia and its impact on Jamestown settlement. Essential Questions Where are the seven continents and the five oceans located on a world map? What imaginary lines are used to define hemispheres? What are the names of the four hemispheres? On which continents are England, Spain, France, and the United States located? Where are the countries of England, Spain, and France located on a world map? Where are the regions (general areas) of San Salvador in the Bahamas; St. Augustine, Florida; Québec, Canada; and Jamestown, Virginia, located on a map? How is a simple letter-number grid system used to locate places on maps? What are some ways that relative location can be described? What large bodies of water border Virginia? Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 2
What states border Virginia? What are the five geographic regions in Virginia? How do the geographic regions of Virginia differ? Where are the geographic regions of Virginia located? What are the major products and industries of each region in Virginia? Which water features were important to the early history of Virginia? How did water features influence the development of Virginia? How did the flow of rivers affect the settlement of Virginia? What is a peninsula? Where is the Eastern Shore located? Why are native peoples called Indians? What evidence is there that American Indians lived in all areas of the state? What were the three major language groups found in Virginia, and where was each located? What are some characteristics of Virginia s climate? What are some ways Virginia s American Indians related to the climate and interacted with their environment to meet their basic needs? How do Virginia s American Indians live today in relation to the way they lived in the past? Why is archaeology important? How can new findings change the understanding of history? What was Werowocomoco? What was Jamestown? What are the names of the current state-recognized tribes? Where are the current state-recognized tribes located in Virginia today? Where is Jamestown located? Why did the settlers choose the site at Jamestown? How did the native peoples and the English settlers interact? Why did the relationship between the Jamestown settlers and the native peoples change? How did Powhatan contribute to the survival of the settlers? What hardships did the Jamestown settlers face? What changes took place that resulted in survival of the settlers? Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 3
Key Essential Skills and Knowledge Essential Knowledge: There are seven continents and five oceans located in the world. The equator and the prime meridian divide the globe into four hemispheres. The four hemispheres are Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western. A simple letter-number grid system on maps is used to locate places. Terms to know hemisphere: Half of a sphere (globe); created by the prime meridian or the equator equator: An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth that divides it into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres prime meridian: An imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres regions: Places that have common characteristics The physical shapes of the continents (North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica) and the positions of the five oceans (Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern) may be located on a world map. The equator and the prime meridian are used to create the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Hemispheres. England, Spain, and France are located on the continent of Europe. The United States is located on the continent of North America. San Salvador is located in the general area of the Bahamas. St. Augustine is located in northern Florida. Québec is located in Canada. Jamestown is located in Virginia. The letter (on the left) and number (at the bottom) coordinates of a grid system identify the approximate location of a place. Locations of places can be described in relative terms. Relative location may be described by using terms that show connections between two places, such as next to, near, and bordering. Bordering bodies of water Atlantic Ocean Chesapeake Bay Bordering states Maryland (to the north) West Virginia (to the west) Kentucky (to the west) Tennessee (to the south) North Carolina (to the south) Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 4
Geographic regions have distinctive characteristics. Virginia can be divided into five geographic regions. Certain products and industries characterize each region. Fall Line: The natural border between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and the Piedmont regions, where waterfalls prevent further travel on the river Cities on Fall Line: Richmond, Arlington, Fredericksburg, Petersburg Geographic Regions: Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Low flat land Location near Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay (includes the Eastern Shore) East of the Fall Line Products: seafood, peanuts Industries: shipbuilding, tourism, federal military installations, tobacco, peanuts, & fishing Indian language: Algonquian People: English settlers primarily - Africans where agriculture required intense labor Historical places: Jamestown, Williamsburg, Yorktown, Fredericksburg, Mount Vernon, Norfolk Naval Base, Great Dismal Swamp Piedmont (land at the foot of mountains) Rolling hills West of the Fall Line Products: tobacco products, information technology, corn, lumber and farming Industries: federal and state government, farming, horse industry, technology and textiles Indian Language: Siouan People: English settlers primarily - Africans where agriculture required intense labor Historical Places: Richmond on the fall line, Appomattox, and Monticello Blue Ridge Mountains Old, rounded mountains that is part of the Appalachian mountain system Located between the Piedmont and the Valley and Ridge regions Source of many rivers Products: apples Industries: recreation, farming Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 5
Valley and Ridge Includes the Great Valley of Virginia and other valleys separated by ridges. (The Valley and Ridge regions are part of the Appalachian mountain system.) Shenandoah Valley: Indian name "clear-eyes daughter of the stars" Located west of Blue Ridge Mountains Products: poultry, apples, dairy, beef Industries: farming (Livestock, apple and other fruit orchards, poultry: chicken and turkey farming) People: Germans and Scotch-Irish settled primarily Historical places: New Market Battlefield, Natural Bridge, Natural Chimneys, & Luray Caverns Appalachian Plateau (plateau: Area of elevated land that is flat on top) Located in Southwest Virginia Only a small part of the plateau is located in Virginia. Products: coal Industries: coal mining Indian Language: Iroquoian Water features were important to the early history of Virginia. Many early Virginia cities developed along the Fall Line, the natural border between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and the Piedmont regions, where the land rises sharply and waterfalls prevent further travel on the river. The four major rivers that flow into the Chesapeake Bay are separated by peninsulas. The Chesapeake Bay separates the Eastern Shore from the mainland of Virginia. Peninsula: A piece of land bordered by water on three sides The Eastern Shore is a peninsula bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Water Features Atlantic Ocean: Provided transportation links between Virginia and other places (e.g., Europe, Africa, Caribbean) Chesapeake Bay: Provided a safe harbor; Was a source of food and transportation James River: Flows into the Chesapeake Bay; Richmond and Jamestown located along the James River York River: Flows into the Chesapeake Bay; Yorktown located along the York River Potomac River: Flows into the Chesapeake Bay; Alexandria located along the Potomac River Rappahannock River: Flows into the Chesapeake Bay; Fredericksburg located on the Rappahannock River Each river was a source of food and provided a pathway for exploration and settlement of Virginia. Lake Drummond: Located in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region; Shallow natural lake surrounded by the Dismal Swamp Dismal Swamp: Located in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region; Variety of wildlife; George Washington explored and surveyed the Dismal Swamp. Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 6
American Indians were the first people who lived in Virginia. American Indians lived in all areas of the state. There were three major language groups in Virginia. Christopher Columbus called the people he found in the lands he explored Indians because he thought he was in the Indies (near China). Artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery, and other tools that have been found tell a lot about the people who lived in Virginia. Three major language groups of Virginia Algonquian languages were spoken primarily in the Tidewater region; the Powhatan were part of this group. Siouan languages were spoken primarily in the Piedmont region; the Monacan were part of this group. Iroquoian languages were spoken in Southwestern Virginia and in Southern Virginia near what is today North Carolina; the Cherokee were a part of this group. Virginia s American Indians worked with the climate and the environment to meet their basic needs. Virginia Indian cultures have changed over time. Climate in Virginia The climate in Virginia is relatively mild with distinct seasons spring, summer, fall, and winter resulting in a variety of vegetation. Forests, which have a variety of trees, cover most of the land. Virginia s Indians are referred to as Eastern Woodland Indians. Environmental connections The kinds of food they ate, the clothing they wore, and the shelters they had depended upon the seasons. Foods changed with the seasons. In winter, they hunted birds and other animals and lived on stored foods from the previous fall. In spring, they hunted, fished, and picked berries. In summer, they grew crops (e.g., beans, corn, and squash). In fall, they harvested crops and hunted for foods to preserve and keep for the winter. Animal skins (deerskin) were used for clothing. Shelter was made from materials found around them. Native peoples of the past farmed, hunted, and fished. They made homes, using natural resources. They used animal skins for clothing. Today, most native peoples live like other Americans. Their cultures have changed over time. Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 7
Archaeology is another way to help people understand the past. Recent archaeological digs have recovered new material evidence about Werowocomoco and historic Jamestown. Archaeologists study all kinds of material evidence left by people from the past. Werowocomoco was a large Indian town used by Indian leaders for several hundred years before the English settlers came. It was the headquarters of the leader Powhatan in 1607. Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America. Archaeologists have discovered the site of the original fort. The recovered artifacts give archaeologists clues about the interactions of the English, Africans, and Indians in early Virginia. American Indian people have lived in Virginia for thousands of years. Today, eleven American Indian tribes in Virginia are recognized by the Commonwealth of Virginia. American Indians, who trace their family histories back to well before1607, continue to live in all parts of Virginia today. The current state-recognized tribes are located in the following regions: Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region: Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Tribe Chickahominy Tribe Eastern Chickahominy Tribe Mattaponi Tribe Nansemond Tribe Nottoway Tribe Pamunkey Tribe Patawomeck Tribe Rappahannock Tribe Upper Mattaponi Tribe Piedmont Region: Monacan Tribe Location and physical characteristics influenced the decision to settle at Jamestown. When the settlers arrived in 1607, they founded Jamestown on a narrow peninsula bordered on three sides by the James River. Today, Jamestown is located on an island in the James River. Reasons for site choice Instructions told the settlers to go inland and find a suitable place for their colony. The location could be easily defended from attack by sea (by the Spanish). The water along the shore was deep enough for ships to dock. They believed the site had a good supply of fresh water. Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 8
The English settlers found life in Jamestown harder than they had expected. Hardships faced by the settlers The site they chose to live on was marshy and lacked safe drinking water. The settlers lacked some skills necessary to provide for themselves. Many settlers died of starvation and disease. Changes that resulted in survival The arrival of supply ships; The forced work program and strong leadership of Captain John Smith; The emphasis on agriculture Essential Skills: Analyze and interpret maps to explain relationships among landforms and water features. (VS.1i) Determine cause-and-effect relationships. (VS.1b) Draw conclusions and make generalizations. (VS.1d) Interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives. (VS.1g) Analyze and interpret maps to explain relationships among landforms, water features, climatic characteristics, and historical events. (VS.1i) Compare and contrast historical events. (VS.1c) Sequence events in Virginia history. (VS.1f) Interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives. (VS.1g) Academic Vocabulary Content analyze interpret cause/effect compare/contrast sequence draw conclusions make generalizations Continent Hemisphere Equator Prime Meridian Regions Approximate Grid Cardinal Direction Compass Rose Border Boundary Ocean Ridge Mountain Plateau Piedmont Valley Peninsula Harbor River Lake Swamp Artifacts Arrowheads Pottery Climate Forrest Seasons Natural Resources Culture Archaeology Archaeologist Site Geography Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 9
Peninsula Island Colony Shore Settlement Hardship Marshy Disease Survival Assessment Evidence ~ What is evidence of mastery? What did the students master & what are they missing? Assessment/ Evidence Exit Slips Foldables Interactive Notebooks Maps Projects Quizzes Interactive Achievement Class Work Homework Lap Books Teacher Made Assessments/Interactive notes Enhance Scope and Sequence Learning Plan ~ What are the strategies and activities you plan to use? Learning Experiences/ Best Practices Learning Experiences Students will create Interactive notebooks to: unpack the standards identify and define terminology and vocabulary Use higher order thinking questions to: demonstrate What It Look Like. challenge students thinking Teacher and students will create anchor charts to: make thinking visible build a culture of literacy keep relevant and current learning accessible use as tools as they answer questions, expand ideas, or contribute to discussions and problem-solving use visuals for ESL students to track their learning and serve as reference tools Students will use graphic organizers to: "map out" ideas using different structures organize the information summarize information learned Students will create foldables to: organize, review, remember and learn information use their creativity in a kinesthetic learning environment Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 10 Instructional Strategies Use the Five Themes of Geography as guidelines (location, place, relationship with places, movement and regions) Lectures Discussions Graphic Organizers Cooperative Learning Anchor Charts Interactive Notebook United Streaming Videos Power Points Cloze Reading Strategy Higher Order Thinking Questions Foldables Identifying Similarities and Differences Summarizing and Note Taking Nonlinguistic Representations Lap Books
use as a self-check study guide use as an alternative assessment Students will work in cooperative learning groups to: engage in working together to accomplish shared goals self-evaluation demonstrate leadership skills, communication skills and decision making skills Students will develop map skills to: understand the purpose and usage of maps, and globes reading maps, legends, symbols, and scales using a compass rose, grids, time zones; using mapping tools comparing maps and making inferences; understanding distance interpreting and analyzing different kinds of maps; creating maps The teacher will facilitate a learning experience to engage students to Think Like A Historian Technology Integrations http://tinyurl.com/q5oa44o (Enhanced Scope and Sequence) http://ttaconline.org/ (Differentiation) http://www.rpstech.org/virginia-studies.html (pw:rps1) http://www.solpass.org/va.php (pw:richmond) http://vastudies.pwnet.org/all/index.htm (lesson ideas and resources) http://vastudies.pwnet.org/all/index.htm http://tinyurl.com/nex9jez (Rockingham Co. Site) http://tinyurl.com/otp6zrp (SOL Teacher) http://rpshistory.weebly.com/ (pw:rpsschools) http://www.markerhistory.com/tag/virginia-studies-vs-2-a/ Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 11
http://www.virtualjamestown.org Virtual Jamestown http://www.virginiaplaces.org/regions/fallshape.html http://www.virginiaplaces.org/regions/index.html http://www.virginiaplaces.org/ http://vastudies.pwnet.org/coolstuff/foldables.html http://www.historyisfun.org/ https://cmcelraft.edublogs.org/virginia-studies-corner/ http://www.history.org/kids/games/dirtdetective.cfm http://www.virginiatrekkers.com/menu/activities.html Virginia Experience Text Book Horizons Text Book Five Ponds Our Virginia Text Book Houghton Mifflin Virginia Social Studies Text Virginia Historical Society Resources Cross Curricular Connection Cross curricular connection with Art: design and create a map of Virginia and its regions, and or Native American village Cross curricular connection with Music: learning songs to help remember History content Cross curricular connection with Language Arts: shape poems, narrative writing using Native American symbols Cross curricular connection with Science: students create a classroom garden of Virginia grown products Cross curricular connection with Science: Research Virginia s Natural Resources found in each Geographical region Cross curricular connection with Math: Use a map scale to measure / illustrate How Far Are You From? Grade 4: Virginia Studies Page 12