Chapter 9 Prep-Test Chemistry 9 Prep Test - Nuclear Processes Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. Which of the illustrations above represents a fission reaction? a. A c. C b. B d. D. Which of the following is a fusion reaction? a. uranium-35 absorbing a neutron and splitting into xenon-4, strontium-94, and two neutrons b. hydrochloric acid combining with sodium hydroxide to form NaCl and water c. carbon-4 decaying into nitrogen-4 and a beta particle d. curium-46 combining with carbon- to form nobelium-54 and four neutrons 3. The energy released in a nuclear reaction comes from a. electrons. c. positrons. b. bonds. d. the binding energy of the nucleus. 4. Particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay a. is harmless nuclear fallout. c. is transmutation. b. is nuclear radiation. d. are daughter nuclides. 5. Which of the following processes always decreases the number of protons by an even number? a. fusion c. alpha decay b. beta decay d. fission 6. Which of the following lists ranks nuclear radiation from most massive to least massive? a. alpha, beta, and gamma c. gamma, alpha, and beta b. beta, gamma, and alpha d. gamma, beta, and alpha
7. What is the half-life of an isotope if 5 g of a 5 g sample of the isotope remains after 3. years? a..5 years c. 3.5 years b..5 years d. 4.5 years 8. Which series consists of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached? a. parent series c. nuclide series b. half-life series d. decay series 9. Which of the following has the weakest penetration abilty? a. alpha particles c. gamma rays b. beta particles d. All have the same penetrating ability.. Which of the following has the greatest penetrating ability? a. alpha particles c. gamma rays b. beta particles d. All have the same penetrating ability.. Which of the following is the purpose of a Geiger counter? a. illustrate a decay series c. record stokres on the golf course b. record half lives d. detect radiation. Which of the following is a fission reaction? a. hydrogen- and hydrogen-3 combining to form a helium-4 atom and a neutron b. carbon- and hydrogen- combining to form a nitrogen-3 atom c. uranium-35 absorbing a neutron and breaking into barium-4, krypton-9, and three neutrons d. a glucose molecule being metabolized with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water 3. An unstable nucleus. a. increases its nuclear mass by fission c. emits energy when it decays b. increases its half-life d. expels all of its protons 4. What particle is emitted in alpha radiation? a. electron c. helium nucleus b. photon d. hydrogen nucleus 5. What is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha particle? a. decreases by c. increases by b. decreases by d. increases by 6. What is the change in atomic number when an atom emits a beta particle? a. decreases by c. increases by b. decreases by d. increases by 7. Which symbol is used for an alpha particle? a. He c. He b. He d. He 8. What symbol is used for beta radiation? a. e c. e b. e d. e 9. What particle is needed to complete this nuclear reaction? Rn 84 Po + a. 4 He c. H b. e d. n
. When radium-6 (atomic number 88) decays by emitting an alpha particle, it becomes. a. polonium- c. radium- b. polonium-4 d. radon-. What particle does argon-39 (atomic number 8) emit when it decays to potassium-39 (atomic number 9)? a. neutron c. gamma rays b. beta particle d. alpha particle. What particle is needed to complete the following nuclear equation? 56 Mn + e 5 a. 56 Co c. 56 Fe 7 6 b. 7 Mn d. 58 Cr 5 4 3. What particle is needed to complete the following equation? 4 N + 4 7 6 C + H a. n c. 4 He b. e d. e 4. To what element does polonium-8 (atomic number 84) decay when it emits an alpha particle? a. Pb c. 4 Pb 8 8 b. Po d. 4 Rn 8 5. Which of the following is the parent nuclide? 35 U 3 9 9 Th 4 He a. 35 U c. 4 He 9 b. 3 Th d. 9 6. Which of the following is the daughter nucleus? 6 Ra 88 Rn 4 a. Rn c. e b. Ra d. 88 7. The half-life of radon- is about four days. What percent of a sample would you expect to find after days? a. 5 c..5 b. 5 d. 6.5 8. If the half-life of sodium-4 is 5 hours, how much remains from a.-g sample after 6 hours? a..65g c..33g b..5g d..5g 4 3
9. Consider the diagram above. Which letter best represents the penetrating ability of beta particles? a. A c. C b. B d. none are correct Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-4 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon ( 4 C), a radioactive isotope of carbon. The method was developed by Willard Libby in the late 94s and soon became a standard tool for archaeologists. Libby received the Nobel Prize for his work in 96. The radiocarbon dating method is based on the fact that radiocarbon is constantly being created in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen. The resulting radiocarbon combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire 4 C by eating the plants. When the animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and from that point onwards the amount of 4 C it contains begins to decrease as the 4 C undergoes radioactive decay. Measuring the amount of 4 C in a sample from a dead plant or animal such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died. The older a sample is, the less 4 C there is to be detected, and because the half-life of 4 C (the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed) is about 5,73 years, the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by radiocarbon dating are around 5, years ago, although special preparation methods occasionally permit dating of older samples. 3. Use the above reading to help answer this question. Nitrogen-4 is the daughter that is produced during the decay of Carbon-4, what type of particle is also emitted? a. Alpha c. Gamma b. Beta d. Neutron 3. Use the above reading to help answer this question. A mastedon tusk was found near Great Oak High School. The carbon-4 content was found to be /4 of the suspected original amount. Approximately how old is the tusk? a., yrs old c. 6, yrs old b. 4, yrs old d. Younger than Mr. Noble 4
3. An archaelogist finds a sample she suspects is 3, years old. Using the above table, what type of radioactive isotope should she use to accurately determine the age of the sample? a. U-35 c. Th-3 b. C-4 d. K-4 Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. positron c. beta particle b. alpha particle d. gamma radiation 33. particle of charge + and mass equal to that of an electron 34. emitted helium nucleus 35. negatively charged radioactive particle. 36. high-energy photons emitted by a radioisotope Match each item with the correct statement below. a. fission c. Geiger counter b. fusion d. radioisotope 37. element with unstable nucleus 38. combination of two nuclei to form a nucleus of greater mass 39. radiation detector that makes use of a gas-filled metal tube 4. splitting of nucleus into smaller fragments 5