no energy = no life
Types of Consumers herbivores
herbivore us vegetation to swallow or devour
Types of Consumers herbivores the organisms that eat plants carnivores
carnivore us flesh to swallow or devour
Types of Consumers herbivores the organisms that eat plants carnivores the organisms that eat other animals omnivores
omnivore us all to swallow or devour
Types of Consumers herbivores the organisms that eat plants carnivores the organisms that eat other animals omnivores the organisms that eat both plants and animals
carnivore producer herbivore
food chain a diagram that shows the passing of materials and energy from one organism to another
Decomposer Organism an organism that breaks down dead organisms and returns this material to the soil bacteria and fungi
food web a method of illustrating the interrelationships between food chains
ecological pyramid illustrates energy relationships in food chains
carnivores herbivores producers
hawk carnivores 1 10 snake herbivores mouse 100 producers 1,000 units corn corn mouse snake hawk
biomass the dried mass of the living matter in a given area of the habitat
Problems with Ecological Pyramids omnivores
hawk snake snake mouse mouse grasshopper corn corn
Problems with Ecological Pyramids omnivores the eating habits of carnivores
polar bear polar bear seal fish fish plankton plankton
Problems with Ecological Pyramids omnivores the eating habits of carnivores the movement of organisms from one ecosystem to another
Relationships Between Organisms of the Same Species
Independent Organisms organisms that exist without the aid of other members of the same species examples: plants spiders bears
Mating for Life occurs when an animal stays with a reproductive partner until one of the pair dies examples: birds
Mating for Life occurs when an animal stays with a reproductive partner until one of the pair dies examples: birds fish beavers
Animal Societies a group of animals from the same species living together provide a means of defense
Animal Societies a group of animals from the same species living together provide a means of defense aid in securing food
Animal Societies a group of animals from the same species living together provide a means of defense aid in securing food provide instruction
Social Insects include ants, termites, wasps, and bees form colonies exhibit a division of labor
competition the struggle between organisms for an essential factor that is in short supply in the environment
Competition food water soil nutrients sunlight a mate
Competition a territory
Competition a territory dominance chickens pecking order wolves alpha male
Relationships Between Different Species competition occurs when two or more populations have the same requirements predator/prey relationships
predator an animal that feeds on other animals prey the animal a predator eats
Predator/Prey Relationships Predators are larger than prey. Predator/prey relationships keep populations within an ecosystem balanced.
lion zebra grass
Relationships Between Different Species competition predator/prey relationships parasite/host relationships
parasite an organism that obtains nourishment from and harms (but usually does not kill) another organism
host an organism that provides nourishment for and is harmed (but usually not killed) by another organism
Parasites are smaller than the host.
Almost every known living organism has parasites.
Parasites can live both inside and outside of a host.
Relationships Between Different Species commensalism mutualism
commensalism a relationship between two populations that benefits one and does not hurt or help the other
commensalism together table
Benefits of Commensalism food
scavenger an animal that eats dead animals that it did not kill itself
Benefits of Commensalism food housing
epiphyte upon plant
epiphyte a plant that grows on the outside of another plant but does not take nourishment from the plant on which it grows
mutualism a relationship between two populations that is beneficial to both
Obligatory Mutualism both organisms must live together or they will die examples termites and protozoans lichens
Nonobligatory Mutualism the organisms could survive on their own but benefit by living together examples ants and aphids cleaner fish