1. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. 6. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it A) is very hard B) is very dense C) contains large amounts of iron D) has a regular arrangement of atoms Base your answers to questions 2 through 5 on the data table below. 2. Moh's scale would be most useful for A) finding the mass of a mineral sample B) finding the density of a mineral sample C) identifying a mineral sample D) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a mineral sample 3. The durable gemstones ruby and sapphire are valuable due to their color and hardness. These gemstones would most likely be located on Moh's scale at the hardness level of A) 1 B) 9 C) 3 D) 4 4. Moh's scale arranges minerals according to their relative A) resistance to breaking B) resistance to scratching C) specific heat D) specific gravity 5. Which statement is best supported by the data shown? A) An iron nail contains fluorite. B) A streak plate is composed of quartz. C) Topaz is harder than a steel file. D) Apatite is softer than a copper penny. Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because A) light reflects from crystal surfaces B) energy is released during crystallization C) of impurities that produce surface variations D) of the internal arrangement of the atoms 7. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 8. Differences in hardness between minerals are most likely caused by the A) internal arrangement of atoms B) external arrangement of flat surfaces C) number of pointed edges D) member of cleavage planes 9. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyolite and andesite? A) pyroxene B) quartz C) biotite D) potassium feldspar 10. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine? A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 11. A mineral's physical characteristics, such as hardness, cleavage, and luster, are dependent on the A) size of the mineral sample B) age of the mineral sample C) method by which the mineral sample was broken D) internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms 12. In which group are all the earth materials classified as minerals? A) feldspar, quartz, and olivine B) granite, rhyolite, and basalt C) cobbles, pebbles, and silt D) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale 13. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of the element lead (Pb)? A) galena B) quartz C) magnetite D) gypsum Page 1
14. The data table below gives characteristics of the gemstone peridot. 17. The cleavage or fracture of a mineral is normally determined by the mineral's A) density B) oxygen content C) internal arrangement of atoms D) position among surrounding minerals 18. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite. Peridot is a form of the mineral A) pyrite B) pyroxene C) olivine D) garnet 15. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects. The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because calcite A) is very dense B) is very soft C) contains certain impurities D) has a regular arrangement of atoms 19. The diagrams below illustrate a specific property of certain minerals. This property is most closely related to the A) arrangement of atoms in the mineral B) impurities found in the mineral C) softness of the mineral D) density of the mineral 20. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene? A) graphite B) calcite C) olivine D) dolomite 21. The relative hardness of a mineral can best be tested by A) scratching the mineral across a glass plate B) squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliers C) determining the density of the mineral D) breaking the mineral with a hammer 22. What is the best way to determine if a mineral sample is calcite or quartz? A) Observe the color of the mineral. B) Place the mineral near a magnet. C) Place a drop of acid on the mineral. D) Measure the mass of the mineral. Which statement is best supported by the diagram? A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum. B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny. C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz. D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5. 16. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D) window glass Page 2
23. Base your answer to the following question on Moh's mineral hardness scale and on the chart below showing the approximate hardness of some common objects. Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. The hardness of these minerals is most closely related to the A) mineral's color B) mineral's abundance in nature C) amount of iron the mineral contains D) internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms 24. Which is an accurate statement about rocks? A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth. B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several minerals in common. 25. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately 2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a human fingernail? A) calcite and halite B) sulfur and fluorite C) graphite and talc D) pyrite and magnetite 26. Two minerals made of pure carbon are diamond and graphite. Which statement best explains why diamond is so much more resistant to scratching than graphite? A) The atoms are lighter in graphite than in diamond. B) The atoms are heavier in graphite than in diamond. C) The atoms are bonded together more strongly in diamond than in graphite. D) The atoms are smaller in graphite than in diamond. 27. Which characteristic do samples of the mineral pyroxene normally exhibit? A) yellow to amber color B) bubbling in hydrochloric acid C) cleaves at 56 and 124 D) hardness of 5 to 6 28. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovite mica different? A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite mica is not. B) Biotite mica contains iron and/or magnesium, but muscovite mica does not. C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotite mica does not. D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, but biotite mica does not. 29. The luster of this mineral could be determined by A) using an electronic balance B) using a graduated cylinder C) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral D) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral 30. Which mineral was tested? A) amphibole B) quartz C) galena D) graphite 31. The physical properties of minerals result from their A) density and color B) texture and color of streak C) type of cleavage and hardness D) internal arrangement of atoms 32. Which mineral is commonly used as a food additive? A) calcite B) talc C) halite D) fluorite 33. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron? A) galena B) magnetite C) pyroxene D) graphite 34. Although diamonds and graphite both consist of the element carbon, their physical properties are very different. The most likely explanation for these differences is that A) the internal arrangement of carbon atoms is different in each mineral B) graphite contains impurities not found in diamonds C) graphite contains radioactive carbon-14 but diamonds do not D) diamonds contain silicate tetrahedra but graphite does not Page 3
35. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of the mineral halite The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result of the A) internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystal B) emperature at which the crystal formed C) type of surface on which the crystal formed D) stream erosion that changed the crystal 36. Although more than 2,000 minerals have been identified, 90% of Earth's lithosphere is composed of the 12 minerals listed below. The best explanation for this fact is that most rocks A) are monomineralic B) are composed only of recrystallized minerals C) have a number of minerals in common D) have a 10% nonmineral composition 37. Base your answer to the following question on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone s A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formation C) oxygen content D) natural abundance Page 4
38. The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likely determines the mineral's A) color, streak, and age B) origin, exposure, and fracture C) size, location, and luster D) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape 39. A mineral s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct result of the mineral s A) hardness B) abundance in nature C) arrangement of atoms D) exposure to the hydrosphere and atmosphere 40. Which property is most useful in mineral identification? A) hardness B) color C) size D) texture Page 5
Earth Science[minerals[5/12/2016]]- Eduware Classification Total Questions: 40 9.THE FORMATION OF ROCKS (40) 9.A.Minerals (40) 9.A.ii.Characteristics (34) 9.A.ii.c.Structure (14) 9.A.ii.a.Physical and Chemical Properties (17) 9.A.ii.b.Chemical Composition (3) 9.A.i.Composition (6)
Answer Key minerals 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. A Page 7