THE NATIONAL AERIAL ORTOPHOTO PROGRAM IN SPAIN (PNOA)

THE NATIONAL AERIAL ORTOPHOTO PROGRAM IN SPAIN (PNOA) Antonio Arozarena (1),Guillermo Villa (2), Nuria Valcárcel (3) (1) Instituto Geográfico Nacional, aarozarena@mfom.es (2) Instituto Geográfico Nacional, gmvilla@mfom.es (3) Instituto Geográfico Nacional, nvalcarcel@mfom.es ABSTRACT The actual and potential uses of photogrammetric flights and their derived products are plentiful. The main objective of this project is the decentralized production of a single 1:30.000 scale photogrammetric flight, aerial triangulation, digital elevation model and 0,5m pixel size digital orthophoto of the hole spanish surface each two years. This project will be coordinated, co-financed, and shared between all the Regional and National Agencies that need it, and the data disseminated to all social agents interested in them. 1. INTRODUCTION The National Aerial Ortophoto Program (PNOA) is one of the most important project included in the General Spanish National Plan for the Territory Observation (PNOT). This Plan is divided in two different Phases: 1º. Phase, corresponding to the capture and processing the necessary images from aircraft and satellite. 2º. Phase, corresponding the data extraction and dissemination. In this moment the Instituto Geografico Nacional (IGN) and other Public Administration (National and Regional) have develop and launched together (inside of PNOT) three different project, like are: - National Aerial Ortophoto Program (PNOA) 1ºPhase - Remote Sensing National Plan (PNT) 1ºPhase - Land Cover/Use Information System (SIOSE) 2ºPhase 2. OBJETIVES OF SPANISH NATIONAL PLAN FOR OBSERVATION OF TERRITORY (PNOT) Objective 1: Apply Inspire principles to the Territory Information Objective 2: Share costs of information and avoid duplicities, so we can obtain better and more up to date information. In this sense, it is important to stress that the necessary financial means for this Plan, is obtained from different Spanish Public Administration. Objective 3: Obtain an integrated Information System (spatially, temporal and semantically) that help different institutions to take coordinated decisions (based on the same information) Objective 4: Information obtained must satisfy the requirements of: - Spanish Public Institutions (Ministries and Regional Government) - European Union (Corine Land Cover, GMES, ) - The rest of social agents (as much as possible) 3. PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF PNOT

NAME Regional Plans of Aerial Orthophotography National Plan of Aerial Orthophotography (PNOA) Remote Sensing National Plan (PNT) Spatial Resolution Sensor 0,10 to 0,25 m Aerial Photography 8.000 a 18.000 0,5 m 2,5 to 25 m 100 to 1.000 m Aerial Photography 30.000 SPOT (HRVIR) Landsat (ETM+) TERRA (ASTER) IRS Pleiades TERRA (MODIS) MERIS SPOT (Vegetation) Figure 1: Principal components of PNOT 3.1. PNOA (National aerial Orthophoto Program) Color Photogrammetric Flight at 1:30.000 scale Actualization period: 2 years Kinematic GPS 12 to 15 microns scanning Digital aerial triangulation DTM and DSM with 2 m r.m.s Digital orthophotos with 0,50 m pixel size and 1 m r.m.s. (x,y) Decentralized production (A.C.) Financing: 66 % national admin. / 34% regional admin. (AC) 3.2. PNT (National Remote Sensing Program) A) Medium to high resolution satellite image coverage 2-50 m resolution coverages 1-2 coverages / year B) Low resolution satellite image coverage 50-1000 m resolution coverages ~ 1 coverage / day 3.3. SIOSE (Information System on Land Use / Land Cover) Nominal Scale: 1:25.000 or 1:50.000 Minimum polygon: 2 to 5 Ha (variable?) Periodicity: 5 years Base information: images from PNT and PNOA Decentralized production (regional governments) Common Data Model: - multicriteria (cover + use) - multiparameter (multiple attributes possible for 1 polygon) - object oriented (UML description) - extensible (for particular needs) 4. THE SPANISH NATIONAL ORTHOPHOTO PROGRAMA (PNOA). INTRODUCTION

Aerial Photo has been, since half of the XX century the base of the cartographic process and of the obtention of all types of geographical information In Spain, until now, each cartographic Organization has planned and contracted the aerial flights based on its own cartographic needs The revision intervals of cartography (topographic, cadastral, forestry, agricultural): 5 to 10 years Digital Techniques in Photogrammetry Ease of duplication and sharing of data More flexibility and less expensive production Better product quality Ease of data use by any user Today: Photogrammetric Flights (and derived products) Source of information of multiple uses Thus, in this moment it is very convenient to change the structure and organization of Photogrammetric information capture in Spain : If we can make a unique flight (and derived products), valid for all the institutions and social agents that need it, the economic resources we save allows us to reduce the revision interval to 2 years More upto date Data Bases Previous experiences in massive orthophoto covering of Spanish territory: SIG Oleícola (Olive GIS) SIGPAC (Ortho for SIG for support of EU Common Agricultural Policy) 5. NEED AND OPPORTUNITY Needs and opportunity comes directly for the current and potential uses of aerial photos and derived products, like are: I) Public Sector Activities: a) Basic Cartography (realization / actualization) b) Land Use / Land Cover c) Infrastructure planning d) Urban Planning e) Cadastre and Property Rights f) Forestry Information g) Environment h) Agriculture and livestock i) Geology j) Hydrography and hydrology k) Emergency Protection l) Defense and Security m) Historic Heritage n) Tourism and vacations II) Private Sector activities a) Enterprises b) Non governmental organizations c) Private uses The consideration and characteristics of the current situation in order to have in account in our project are: - Great dynamism of Spanish territory imply very frequent land use changes - Today, we should not tie Photogrammetric and Orthophoto production to revision time of any cartographic series - A large number of administrative organizations involved: EU: Eur. Commission, EEA, EUROSTAT, JRC

Administración General del Estado (AGE) (National Administration): Ministers of Public works, Agriculture, Environment, Economy, Defense, Culture Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) (Regional Administrations): Consejerías of Agriculture, Environment, Urban Planning, Culture, Local administrations (CCLL): Ayuntamientos, Mancomunidades, Cabildos, Diputaciones Provinciales - Decentralized (and disperse) mapping and geographic information organizations - Consejo Superior Geográfico (National Geographic Council) has legal mandate in order to coordinate the Spanish Territory Information produced for different Administration - Improved the cost / benefit ratio - Co financing - Promote the multiple databases with spatial and temporal coherence - Develop the necessary contact networks in vertical and horizontal directions between different Organizations 6. OBJECTIVES (PNOA) Principal objective: One Photogrammetric flight, Orthophotos and DEM Co financed and shared between all organizations Cover all Spain each 2 years Decentralized Production This is coherent with INSPIRE vision INSPIRE vision 1. Data should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively 2. it should be possible to combine seamlessly spatial information from different sources across Europe and share it between many users and application 3. it should be possible for information collected at one level to be shared between all the different levels, detailed for detailed investigations, general for strategic purposes 4. geographic information needed for good governance at all levels should be abundant under conditions that do not refrain its extensive use 5. it should be easy to discover which geographic information is available, fits the needs for a particular use and under which conditions it can be acquired and used 6. geographic data should become easy to understand and interpret because it is properly documented and can be visualised within the appropriate context selected in a user-friendly way 7. TECHNICAL ASPECTS 7.1. Flight Scale a) Resolution (pixel size) needed: 0,5 m adequate for mapping at 1:5.000 10.000 and smaller b) Geometric precision Needed for 1:5.000 cartography: 1 m rmse (X,Y) 1,25 m rmse (Z) With 1:30.000 flight scale: 1 m rmse (X,Y) 2m rmse (Z) c) Optimum cost-benefit project specifications 1:30.000 color negative (without orange mask) Frequency: 2 years In Flight kinematic differential GPS

Optional IMU-INS 12 to 15 microns scanning Automatic digital aero triangulation TIN and GRID DTM and DSM with 2 m (EMC) Color 0,5 m pixel size, 1m rmse (X,Y) digital Orthophoto mosaics d) Additional flights necessary for special needs Each Comunidad Autónoma should make additional greater scale flights (1:10.000 to 1:18.000) of parts of its surface Hole territory: each 2 years at 1:30.000 (0,5 m ortho) Hot areas covered at greater scale 1:10.000 to 1:18.000 (0,2-0,25m ortho) : 7.2. Geodetic Reference System Recommended for EU: ETRS89 Spain: not yet adopted for cartographic series (still ED50) Very important to adopt as soon as possible 1) Seamless EU databases 2) According with the recommendation included in the Spatial Data Infrastructure in Europe 3) GPS use explosion 4) Geodetic Precision according with modern techniques PNOA all process and products in ETRS89 Additional derived product: Ortho 1:10.000 sheets re-projected to ED50 7.3. Geoid Centralized scaled geoid (based on gravimetric geoid IBERGEO 95 with first order (REGENTE) geodetic vertices Near Future: more detailed/precise geoid transform today's products 7.4. Technical Specifications Have been Accorded between all the participating organizations State of the Art process Best practices Unique product and file naming schema 7.5. Production Responsibility: Comunidades Autónomas technical teams (by agreements between IGN/Regional Admisnistration) Contracts with Spanish and other European countries private enterprises 7.6. Quality assurance / Quality control Two different levels: 1. CCAA technical teams 2. National technical team 7.7. Final Products ISO 19115 metadata CATMDEDIT or other MD catalogs

SDI integration 8. ORGANIZATION AND FINANCING FINANCING National Administration Ministry of Public Works Ministry of Environment Ministry of Economy and Finance Ministry of Agriculture Regional Administration 1 Regional Administration 2... Regional Administration 19 17 RA Y 2 CA Regional Tecnique Team Regional Tecnique Team Regional Tecnique Team 19 Regional Team National Tecnique Team: NGI, RA, Ministries. Steering Committee PRODUCTION Figure 2: Organization and financing The production costs are 29 euros /km2 The necessary financing means are shared: 66 % AGE 34 % CCAA Not included: Project Management Quality control Data Dissemination (National Administration) (Regional Administrations) These costs are assumed directly from every Public Institutions involved 9. DATA DISSEMINATION Every participating organization: total access to all the data Public Data policy accorded with each Comunidad Autónoma Marginal costs Dissemination actions: Web pages Image servers FTP servers Metadata catalogs Data sets copies Product sell to public etc 10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES Technological changes foster new ways of production and sharing of information

European Union is strongly promoting this initiatives New user requirements imply new strategies Cooperation between all levels of administrations (global, national, regional, local,..) is complete necessary Important to optimize cost/benefit ratio Information should be open to anyone who needs it (free?) Information should be available in short periods of time after its capture Finally the users schema of the PNOT are: United Nations/ Sustainable Development INSPIRE: Get spatial information once EU: CORINE GMES AGE: Agriculture Forest Urbanism INSPIR National Plan of Earth Observation (PNOT) CCAA: Agriculture Forest Urbanism Others Private Institutions Figure 3: Users schema of the PNOT 11. REFERENCES Arozarena et al. "El programa CORINE. Proyecto Land Cover: Una metodología aplicada a las islas Canarias. IV Reunión de la A.E.T. (Sevilla 1991). CORINE Land Cover. Guide Technique. CEE, 1993. Formación de una Base de Datos geográfica de usos del suelo en el Litoral de Marruecos. Proyecto Medgeobase. Del Bosque González, I.; Arozarena Villar, A.; Villa Alcazar, G. (VI Reunión de la A.E.T. (Valladolid 1995). Medgeobase Marruecos. Informe Final. EUROMED.GEIE Instituto Geográfico Nacional de España, 1996. Medio Ambiente en Europa. El informe Dobris. Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente (1995). Authors diverses: "El programa CORINE de la CEE". MOPU, 1990. CORINE Programme(Coordination of Information of the Environment) CE/338/85 DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL Establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the Community (INSPIRE) COM(2004) UNEP/Rio de Janeiro. Word Summit - International Declaration on Environment and Sustainable Development (6/92) Sistemas de Captura y Análisis de la Información Territorial: Arozarena Villar, A. 12. BIOGRAPHY

Surname: Arozarena Villar First name: Antonio Preffix: Dr. Suffix: Ph.D. Date of birth: 8 May 1950 Nationality: Spanish Address: Julio Palacios, 13. 28029 Madrid (SPAIN) Education: - Ph. D. in Forestry Engineering. Polytechnic University of Madrid. (UPM). 1986 - MSC. Geodesy and Cartography Engineering (U.P. Valencia). 1998 - Graduate in Business Administration. (UPM). 1976 - MSC. Forestry Engineering (UPM). 1975 - BSC. Survey Engineering (UPM). 1969 Primary position: Assistant Manager Cartographic Production. Instituto Geográfico Nacional Prpfessional memberships: AET, SELPER, EARSEL, ASTIC, IPGH (CARS). Work experience: 2004/2005 - Assistant Manager Cartographic Production 1985/04 - Head of the Remote Sensing Unit. - Geographic Engineer in the National Geographical Institute of Spain (Madrid). - High corp of Information Technologies and Systems of the Public Administration. - Manager of National and International Remote Sensing projects in Spain (MEDBEOGASE, ETC/CL, CORINE, LACOAST, MURBANDY, etc.). 1990/01 - Professor of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry in the Politechnic University of Madrid. 1976/85 - Managing Director of a private company in Cartography (Rhea Consultors S.A.) Subject reference: Forestry, Remote Sensing, Cartography. Publications: - Land Planning of Hierro Island. ICONA. 1977. - National Park planning of Caldera de Taburiente. La Palma Island. ICONA. 1977. - General Landscape concept. Federal capital Development. Federal Republic of Nigeria. 1982. - Regional Crop inventory from satellite imagery (CE). 1989. - Corine-Land Cover of Spain. 1990. - Cartography at medium scales from satellite data (Landsat + GPS) in Amazon river. IPGH. 1992. Languaje skills: English, French, Spanish Mailing address: Dr. A. Arozarena. Instituto Geográfico Nacional C/ Gral. Ibáñez de Ibero, 3 28003 - Madrid (Spain) Telephone: (+34) 91 597 95 75 Fax: (+34) 91 597 97 70 E-mail: aarozarena@mfom.es