The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography Chapter 1 Thinking Geographically Chapter 2 Population 1) Scale is A) the system used by geographers to transfer locations from a globe to a map. B) the extent of spread of a phenomenon over a given area. C) the difference in elevation between two points in an area. D) the relationship between the length of an object on a map and that feature on the landscape. E) the ratio of the largest to smallest areas on a map. 2) Which map would have the smallest scale? A) world B) continent C) state D) city E) county 3) Distortion is especially severe on A) globes. B) small-scale maps. C) large-scale maps. D) topographic maps E) all maps. 4) The first person to use the word geography was A) Aristotle. B) Eratosthenes. C) Strabo. D) Thales of Miletus. E) Thucydides. 5) The name given to a portion of Earth's surface is known as A) location. B) site. C) situation. D) toponym. E) jargon. 6) Situation identifies a place by its A) location relative to other objects. B) mathematical location on Earth's surface. C) nominal location. D) unique physical characteristics. E) primary dimensions. 7) Which is true? A) Every meridian is actually a circle rather than a line. B) Every meridian is the same length and has the same beginning and end. C) Every parallel begins and ends at the poles. D) Every parallel is the same length. E) Every meridian is distorted by magnetic declination. 1
8) A ship's position is given as 0 degrees latitude and 27 degrees west longitude. We can conclude from this information that the ship is located A) on the equator. B) at the North or South Pole. C) on the Prime Meridian. D) astride the International Date Line. E) equidistant between the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line. 9) A business executive calls from New York (which is located at 75 W) at 6 P.M. on Tuesday to Sydney, Australia (which is located at 150 E). What time is it in Sydney? A) 9 A.M. Tuesday B) 9 P.M. Tuesday C) 9 A.M. Wednesday D) 9 P.M. Wednesday E) 6 P. M. Tuesday 10) The U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the country into a system of A) townships. B) ranges. C) sections. D) quarter sections. E) all of the above 11) The South is established as a vernacular region of the United States by A) climate. B) the Baptist Church. C) low high school graduation rates. D) high cotton production. E) all the above 12) The concept that the distribution of one phenomenon is scientifically related to the location of other phenomena is A) regional analysis. B) spatial analysis. C) spatial association. D) spatial distribution. E) regional dissociation. 13) The arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth's surface is A) regional analysis. B) spatial analysis. C) spatial association. D) spatial distribution. E) regional dissociation. 14) An area distinguished by one or more unique characteristics is a A) biome. B) landscape. C) region. D) uniform unit. E) ecosystem. 2
15) Which is not an example of a functional region? A) the circulation area of a newspaper B) the area of dominance of a television station C) the market area of a supermarket D) the area dominated by a particular crop E) area served by a sports franchise 16) The division of the United States into nine regions by the Census Bureau is an example of a A) climatic region. B) functional region. C) nodal region. D) formal region. E) vernacular region. 17) The frequency of something within a given unit of area is A) concentration. B) density. C) distribution. D) pattern. E) dispersion. 18) The spread of something over a given study area is A) concentration. B) density. C) distribution. D) pattern. E) diffusion. 19) A hearth is A) a region from which a phenomenon originates. B) the process by which a feature or trend spreads. C) an area defined by one or more distinctive features or trends. D) the modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more powerful one. E) perimeter of a regional feature. 20) Which is a form of expansion diffusion? A) contagious B) hierarchical C) stimulus D) all of the above E) relocation 21) Diffusion of AIDS is an example of which type of diffusion? A) contagious B) hierarchical C) relocation D) stimulus E) osmosis 3
22) If a group of people migrated from Papua, New Guinea to North America and adopted Western cultural habits, this would be an example of A) acculturation. B) cargo cult. C) diffusion. D) sequent occupance. E) osmosis. 23) Which is not a common practice of transnational corporations? A) relocate command centers from more developed countries B) relocate nonessential employees to locations outside command centers C) identify the distinctive economic assets of each region in the world D) organize production according to a spatial division of labor E) move factories from high wage regions to low wage regions 24) Culture means to A) care about something. B) take care of something. C) develop new variations. D) discard effective practices. E) both A and B 25) According to environmental determinism, A) the physical environment causes social development. B) the physical environment sets limits on human actions. C) people can adjust to the physical environment. D) people can choose a course of action from many alternatives offered by the physical environment. 26) One important feature of the world's population with the most significant future implications is that A) the natural increase rate is larger every year. B) there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the twentieth century. C) the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries. D) people are uniformly distributed across Earth. E) the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate. 27) Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions? A) East Asia B) Southeast Asia C) Sub-Saharan Africa D) Europe E) South Asia 28) Relatively few people live at high elevations, but there are significant exceptions, especially in A) Asia. B) Europe. C) Latin America. D) North America. E) Africa. 4
29) Physiological density is the number of A) acres of farmland. B) farmers per area of farmland. C) people per area of land. D) people per area suitable for agriculture. E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture. 30) A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a A) high physiological density. B) low physiological density. C) high agricultural density. D) low agricultural density. E) low arithmetic density. 31) Land suited for agriculture is called A) population density. B) agricultural density. C) physiological density. D) arid land. E) arable land. 32) If the physiological density is much larger than the arithmetic density, then a country has A) inefficient farmers. B) a large number of farmers. C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture. D) too many people for the available resources. E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture. 33) The medical revolution has been characterized by A) development of new inventions. B) diffusion of medical practices. C) increased agricultural productivity. D) invention of new medicines. E) increase in the crude birth rate. 34) The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is A) crude birth rate. B) crude death rate. C) total fertility rate. D) natural increase rate. E) increasing in more developed countries. 35) A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in the country's A) total fertility rate. B) life expectancy rate. C) crude death rate. D) doubling time. E) natural increase rate. 5
36) When combined for all less developed countries, which of the following rates is lower than more developed countries combined? A) crude birth rate B) crude death rate C) infant mortality rate D) natural increase rate E) total growth rate 37) The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the A) crude birth rate. B) life expectancy rate. C) natural increase rate. D) total fertility rate. E) projected birth rate. 38) The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 39) Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country Y has a crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate? A) Country X B) Country Y C) The rate is the same in both countries. D) The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information. E) The rate depends on immigration, so it can't be computed from this information. 40) More developed countries moved from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of the demographic transition 200 years ago in part because of A) the agricultural revolution. B) invention of new technology. C) people moving to cities. D) women choosing to enter the labor force. E) decreasing crude birth rates. 41) The shape of a country's population pyramid is determined primarily by its A) crude birth rate. B) crude death rate. C) dependency rate. D) sex ratio. E) demographic ratio. 42) A crude birth rate of approximately 10 per 1,000 is typical of a country in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stages 2 and 3. 6
43) In contrast to the experience of more developed countries, less developed countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition through A) creation of higher levels of wealth. B) diffusion of the Industrial Revolution. C) diffusion of medical technology from other countries. D) profound changes in their economic and social systems. E) banking innovations. 44) Thomas Malthus concluded that A) population increased arithmetically while food production increased geometrically. B) the world's rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies. C) moral restraint was producing lower crude birth rates. D) population growth was outpacing available resources in every country. E) crude birth rates must balance crude death rates. 45) The principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is A) increasing crude birth rates. B) declining crude birth rates. C) increasing crude death rates. D) declining crude death rates. E) balanced natural increase rates. 46) The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's A) improving education of women. B) low status of women. C) rapid diffusion of contraceptives. D) all of the above E) A and B 47) A possible stage five epidemiological transition is the stage of A) pestilence and famine. B) receding pandemics. C) degenerative and human created diseases. D) delayed degenerative diseases. E) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases. 48) The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been A) avian flu. B) AIDS. C) malaria. D) cholera. E) SARS. ESSAY QUESTIONS ON NEXT PAGE 7
Select three (3) of the following questions and clearly answer them on the back of the scan-tron sheet or type them on a separate sheet of paper. -Each answer should be 3-5 complete sentences. -Do not quote the text or an internet search use your own words. -As the GDP per capita increases, what happens generally to the crude birth rate? -What are the four types of land and their major characteristics that lie outside the ecumene? -Explain why today's more developed societies moved in the past from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of the demographic transition. -Explain the controversy about spatial analysis and the census. -Compare the birth control policies in India and China. -Assume that the scale of a map is 1:24,000. This means that one INCH on the represents FEET on the. Describe how you derived the answer. -What are the three ways to indicate scale? Why are there tree kinds of scales? -Describe the three kinds of regions that geographers identify? -If there were no maps, could geography exist as a discipline? Why or why not? 8