1. What is evolution? A. A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individual B. A cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a population C. A physical change during an organism s life that is inherited by its offspring D. A random change in the proportions of alleles from generation to generation 2. Which of the following represent homologous features? A. Wings in birds and insects B. The appendix in humans and horses C. Fins in fish and wings in birds D. The striped coat of the zebra and the tiger 3. Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria? A. All bacteria reproduce very quickly. B. Bacteria exposed to antibiotics developed a resistance to them. C. Varieties of bacteria resistant to antibiotics reproduce faster than non-resistant varieties. D. Bacteria showing resistance to antibiotics survive after antibiotics are used. 4. What is the mechanism of natural selection? A. Any individuals in a population can be selected entirely by chance. B. After a change in the environment a species will evolve adaptations to the new conditions. C. If an adaptation to the environment is useful, an individual will develop it and pass it on to its offspring. D. Variations amongst individuals of a population are selected by a changing environment. 5. Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra. Which of the following statements is correct? A. Both trees belong to the same class but a different genus. B. Both trees belong to the same family and same genus. C. The species name of both trees is Pinus. D. The family names are pinea and nigra. 6. A collection of four animal specimens is observed and a dichotomous key is applied. Which specimen is an arthropod? 1. Non-segmented body... go to 2 Segmented body... go to 3 2. Body is not symmetrical... specimen A Body is symmetrical... specimen B 3. Jointed appendages present... specimen C Jointed appendages absent... specimen D A. Specimen A B. Specimen B C. Specimen C D. Specimen D IB Questionbank Biology 1
7. A poodle and a chihuahua are both dogs and classified as Canis familiaris. What conclusion can be made? A. They belong to the same genus but not the same species. B. They are the same species but not the same genus. C. They are different species but can interbreed. D. They belong to the same genus and are the same species. 8. Which of the organisms A D, identified by the key below, represents an Annelid? 1. Shows bilateral symmetry go to 2 Does not show bilateral symmetry Cnidaria 2. Has a segmented body go to 3 Does not have a segmented body go to 4 3. Has jointed legs A Does not have jointed legs B 4. Has a shell C Does not have a shell D 9. Which of the following is a characteristic of platyhelminthes? A. Many pairs of legs B. Flat body C. Hard exoskeleton D. Presence of cnidocytes 10. In the hierarchy of taxa, what is in a family? A. A group of classes B. A group of genera C. A group of orders D. A group of phyla 11. Triarthus was a trilobite that lived on Earth about 500 million years ago. The diagrams below show its structure, viewed from above and below. The structure was discovered by studying fossils of Triarthus. [Source: R Fortrey, (2000), Trilobite!, page 62] IB Questionbank Biology 2
(a) There are many animals living on Earth today that belong to the same phylum as the trilobites, but there are no living trilobites. Deduce, with a reason, the phylum to which Triarthus belonged. Outline the evidence for evolution provided by fossils. Some trilobites swam in clear, shallow water and had very large eyes. Suggest how species with large eyes could evolve from species with smaller eyes. (Total 6 marks) 12. (a) Define the term clade. (1) Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures, giving an example of each. The table below lists five animals along with four morphological characteristics. A plus sign (+) indicates that the animal has this characteristic while a minus sign ( ) indicates that the characteristic is absent. Animal Jaws Limbs Hair Placenta Salamander + + Mouse + + + + Jellyfish Koala + + + Salmon + Based on the features above, a student constructed a cladogram. State the names of the organisms missing in the following cladogram. IB Questionbank Biology 3
(d) Describe the major anatomical features that define humans as primates. (Total 7 marks) 13. The cladogram below shows how closely related a group of species of spiders are on the Hawaiian island group. Two of the species have not been given a scientific name. Three pairs of the spiders spin very similar webs. These are shown on the diagram. The island on which the spider lives is also indicated. location: T. laboriosa - Mainland - USA T. hawaiensis emerald ovoid T. limu - Hawai i eurylike T. acuta T. fliciphilia T. stelarobusta T. eurychasma T. perkinsi - Hawai i [Source: T A Blackledge and R G Gillespie (November 2004), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, (46), IB Questionbank Biology 4
(a) pages 16228 16233] Deduce whether spiders that spin similar webs or spiders that live on the same island are more closely related. Mitochondrial DNA from the spiders was analysed to produce the cladogram. Outline the method of analysing the DNA to produce evidence for cladograms. Explain the evidence in the diagram for (i) (ii) convergent evolution; adaptive radiation. (Total 8 marks) 14. Up to one additional mark is available for the construction of your answers. (a) Plants are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. Describe the different characteristics of the bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. Describe how the beaks of the finches in the Galapagos Islands are indicative of the process of natural selection. Explain how natural selection can lead to evolution using antibiotic resistance in bacteria as an example. (1) (8) (8) IB Questionbank Biology 5