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Chemical and Mechanical Weathering WEATHERING & EROSION Differentiated Station Labs
Kesler Science Station Lab Weathering and Erosion If you have never used my Kesler Science Station Labs before please download the FREE Start-Up pack from my TPT store. It will provide you with all of the signage and best practices in order to run the station labs in your classroom. The large directions cards included in this file are intended to be read by the leader of the group once the students get to the station. The smaller task cards can be read by another group member. I prefer that each student do their own lab write-up (included at the end of this file), so that they may use it for reference at a later date. The answer key is provided at the end of the document. Lastly, if any of the internet resources no longer work for some reason please let me know via email at chris@keslerscience.com. I cannot guarantee that all resources will be available, but I tried to choose ones that have been around for many years.
Kesler Science Station Lab Weathering and Erosion Teacher Directions Explore It! I will spend much of my time at this station making sure the students are not wasting time. You will need vinegar, sugar cubes, a beaker, sticks of chalk, and a container (plastic). The chemical weathering demo can be setup by you each class since it take a little while to notice the process begin to take place. Illustrate It! In this particular lab you are looking for 7 images of different types of weathering. Read It! Print several different copies (I use 6) of the reading passage so that multiple students can read at different paces Watch It! The video is on YouTube and my Google drive. Use YouTube unless your school is blocked. The original link is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r- Iak3Wvh9c Note that both URL s are case-sensitive. Organize It! The cards for this activity are attached near the end of this file. Print several sets and then just put them in the basket for kids to pull from. This is also a good one for later in the week to demonstrate mastery too! Students should be encouraged to do the Research and Explore station before attempting this one. I like to label the backs with set numbers because they will get mixed up. Write It! Students should be encouraged to do the Research and Explore station before attempting this one. Research It! The goo.gl link on the task card is case-sensitive. The original link is http://www.nps.gov/webrangers/activities/rockpark/ Assess It! Students should be encouraged to do the Research and Explore station before attempting this one. If I grade anything I usually take a close look at the answers from this station.
Write It! Station Directions It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before working at this station. -Read It! -Explore It! -Watch It! -Research It! Answer each of the task card questions on the lab sheet in complete sentences.
Describe how acid rain would react with rocks over time. Describe why rocks found at the bottom of a river are smooth and flat. KeslerScience.com, 2015 What is erosion? KeslerScience.com, 2015
Assess It! Station Directions It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before working at this station. -Read It! -Explore It! -Watch It! -Research It! Each member will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Assess It! section.
Which process is not chemical weathering? Which process is not mechanical weathering? A. Acid Rain hitting rocks B. Cave water (with minerals) breaking down sandstone C. Salt water flowing over rocks D. Ice breaking a rock A. Water flowing over rocks B. Wind breaking down rocks C. Acid rain breaking down sandstone D. Animals moving rocks against each other What would be the best reason for finding a bunch of broken rocks underneath a melted glacier? A. The pressure of the glacier crushed them B. Water seeped into the cracks and expanded as it turned to ice C. Modern day animals moved the rocks around D. Dinosaurs broke them. What is erosion? A. When rock or sediment is moved from one place to another B. The breakdown of ice C. Chemical changes water D. The build up of new rock
Read It! Station Directions Each member of the group will read the passage and answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Read It! section. It is important to remember that the answers will come directly from the reading passage.
Weathering of Rocks Mechanical weathering is the process of breaking big rocks into little ones. This process usually happens near the surface of the planet. Temperature also affects the land. The cool nights and hot days always cause things to expand and contract. That movement can cause rocks to crack and break apart. Roots and plants also push into the rocks and break them apart. They act like wedges and push the rocks apart. Little animals also help by burrowing and digging through the ground. As the water thaws, it is then able to penetrate further into the widened space, where it later freezes yet again. The expansion of holes and cracks is very slow. However, water does not mind. It is very patient. Month after month, year after year, water freezes and thaws over and over, creating larger and larger holes and cracks in the rocks. Another important type of mechanical weathering is salt wedging. As water enters the holes and cracks in the surface of rocks, it often carries salt with it. As the water later evaporates, the salt is left behind. Over time, these salt deposits build up, creating pressure that can cause rocks to split and weaken. Temperature changes also effect mechanical weathering. As temperatures heat up, the rocks themselves expand somewhat. As the temperatures cool down, rocks contract slightly. The effect can be the weakening of the rock itself. Scientists have observed a process called freeze-thaw. That process occurs when the water inside of rocks freezes and expands. That expansion cracks the rocks from the inside and eventually breaks them apart. The freeze-thaw cycle happens over and over again and the break finally happens. Another word for it is frost wedging. There are already some small cracks in boulders and water can get in the cracks. When that water expands, the rock is crunched between two expanding pieces of ice instead of being forced apart into separate pieces.
What is the best description for the process of freeze-thaw? A. The freezing of rocks at winter B. The thawing of rocks in spring C. Salt getting into rocks D. When water freezes, thaws, and breaks up rocks What would be the best title for this passage? A. All About Mechanical Weathering B. All About Chemical Weathering C. Erosion and How it Impacts the Earth D. Chemical vs. Mechanical Weathering Which two are examples of mechanical weathering in the article? A. Freeze thaw, salt wedging B. Freeze thaw, river erosion C. Freeze thaw, acid rain D. River erosion, salt wedging What is the best description for mechanical weathering after reading the article? A. The physical breakdown of rocks and minerals B. The chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals C. The sediment carried to the ocean D. All of the above
Watch It! Station Directions Each member of the group will go to the website listed on task card #1 Complete the task cards in order. Every student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Watch It! section of the lab sheet.
YouTube https://goo.gl/v2kv3l G Drive https://goo.gl/6p2vgh Both URL s are case-sensitive 1. Click Play on the video. 2. Answer questions from cards #2-4 on your lab sheet. According to the video, what is weathering? YouTube What is the difference between mechanical weathering and chemical weathering? How can water impact a shoreline?
Research It! Station Directions Each member of the group will go to the website listed on task card #1 Complete the task cards in order. Every student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Research It! section.
1. Go to http://goo.gl/dt8ck9 2. Play through the game and then answer the questions on the next card. 1. How do weathering and erosion play a part in rock formations? 2. Describe how a canyon is formed.
Explore It! Station Directions One member of the group will read the task cards in order. The group will be responsible for completing each of the tasks that are being read. Each member of the group will then write their conclusions down on the lab sheet in the Explore It! section.
1. Take 1 sugar cube and put it into the container. 2. Shake vigorously for 30 seconds. 3. Write your observations on your lab sheet. The sugar cube represents a rock and the process of shaking the can represents mechanical weathering. A rock can be mechanically weathered in many ways. Some examples are water and wind abrasion, impact and collisions, interactions with organisms, and ice moving over or through a rock. Look at the beaker with the chalk pieces in it. 1. On you lab sheet compare the pieces of chalk that are sitting outside the beaker to the ones in the beaker. The chalk pieces represent rocks and the vinegar represents rain or ocean water. When a rock is broken down by another chemical this is called chemical weathering. Chemical weathering can happen with saltwater, acid rain, or even freshwater that has minerals or other substances in it.
Rocks can be broken down by either mechanical or chemical weathering. 1. On your lab sheet make a hypothesis to where all the tiny pieces of rock and sediment end up? Erosion is the process of moving rock or sediment from one place to another? Sediment can be moved by the wind, water, ice, other organisms, or gravity.
Illustrate It! Station Directions Each member of the group will draw a quick sketch on the lab sheet the shows they understand the concept that is being taught. Use the colored pencils and markers that are provided. The directions for the sketch are provided on the task card at the table.
Illustrate It! Station Directions Draw a picture that represents the each of the weathering process. Chemical Weathering: Acid Rain Saltwater Underground Water (with minerals) Mechanical Weathering: Rocks hitting each other Ice cracking in rocks Water running over rocks Wind moving through rocks
Organize It! Station Directions It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before working at this station. -Read It! -Explore It! -Watch It! -Research It! Every student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Organize It! Section. Please mix up the cards again before the next group arrives at this station.
Match the vocabulary with the correct process. Have the teacher check your cards to ensure it is correct. They will sign your lab sheet in the Organize It area.
Acid rain breaking down rocks Chemical Weathering Saltwater breaking down rocks Water with minerals present breaking down rocks Another mineral absorbing the water and turning it into a new substance Wind breaking down rock over time Mechanical Weathering Freshwater smoothing out rock in a river Ice getting into cracks and breaking rocks Animals moving rocks against each other and breaking them down KeslerScience.com, 2014
Weathering and Erosion Explore It! Name Task Card #1: 3. Task Card #5: 1. Task Card #3: 1. Write It! Task Card #1: Task Card #2: Task Card #3:
Weathering and Erosion Name Illustrate It! Chemical Weathering: Mechanical Weathering: Assess It! Read It! #1 #3 #2 #4 #1 #3 #2 #4 Research It! Task Card #2: 1. Task Card #2: 2. Organize It!
Weathering and Erosion Name Watch It! Task Card #2: Task Card #3: Task Card #4:
Weathering and Erosion Answer Key Explore It! Task Card #1: 3. Corners rounded, sediment left behind, cube is smaller Task Card #5: 1. In the ocean, sea floor, bottom of canyons, in rivers, etc Task Card #3: 1. The pieces are smaller and the water is cloudy indicating weathering. Write It! Write It! Task Card #1: Rock that is consistently hit by acid rain will eventually break down by the process of chemical weathering. A chemical reaction happens and the rock is broken down into smaller pieces of sediment. Task Card #2: Rocks and stones are smooth and flat at the bottom of a river because the water is constantly flowing over them. That constant movement is called mechanical weathering. Task Card #3: Erosion is the process of moving rock and sediment from one area to another.
Weathering and Erosion Answer Key Illustrate It! Student answers will vary in this section. There should be 7 pictures. Assess It! Read It! #1 D #3 B #2 C #4 A #1 D #3 A #2 A #4 A Research It! Task Card #2: 1. Weathering is constantly change rock formations and eroded them away to another place. Formations change over time Task Card #2: 2. Canyons start out as a plain, but as water runs through them it carves out a deep canyon over millions of years. Organize It! Chemical acid rain, absorption, mineral water, saltwater Mechanical wind, freshwater, ice, animals
Weathering and Erosion Answer Key Watch It! Task Card #2: The process that takes place as rocks, and other parts of the geosphere, are broken down into smaller pieces. Task Card #3: Mechanical weathering is the process of breaking big rocks into little ones. Chemical Weathering involves changes that some substances can cause in the surgace of the rock that make it change shape, or color Task Card #4: Water can change a coastline by constantly weathering the ocean shores through wave action and tidal movement. The broken down rock and sand is then eroded away and moved. This is not a fast process, but can make drastic changes over long periods of time.