Passwords Social Studies Vocabulary Texas: Grade 7
To the Student What is federalism? How are independence and interdependence different? What does an anthropologist do? Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary will help you learn the words you need to do well in social studies. The lessons in this book are about social studies topics you will be studying. Each lesson focuses on ten words that will help you understand the topic. The lessons include a reading selection that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice activities follow the reading selection. Using each vocabulary word many times will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing activity ends the lesson. You will use the vocabulary words you have learned to write a journal entry, a letter, a narrative, or a description. If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary defines each word and tells you the correct pronunciation. It also has pictures to help you understand the meaning of difficult words. As you work on the lessons, you may learn other social studies words besides the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in My Social Studies Vocabulary on pages 94 98. Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand social studies words. ISBN 978-0-7609-4632-9 2008 Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents Lesson 1: The Geography of Texas................. 4 Lesson 2: Native Americans in Texas................ 10 Lesson 3: Early Explorers, Missions, and Settlements........ 16 Lesson 4: Colonization of Texas................... 22 Lesson 5: Road to Revolution.................... 28 Lesson 6: The Republic of Texas................... 34 Lesson 7: The Young State of Texas................. 40 Lesson 8: The Civil War....................... 46 Lesson 9: Reconstruction....................... 52 Lesson 10: Ranching and Farming in Texas............. 58 Lesson 11: Texas Oil......................... 64 Lesson 12: The Early Twentieth Century............... 70 Lesson 13: The Great Depression and World War II......... 76 Lesson 14: Modern Times....................... 82 Lesson 15: The Government of Texas................ 88 My Social Studies Vocabulary...................... 94 Root Words................................ 99 Prefixes and Suffixes.......................... 100 Glossary................................ 101
LESSON 1 geography Imagine you are in an airplane, flying over the state of Texas. What do you see? Rivers? Plains? Mountains and cliffs? These are all examples of physical features found in Texas. Read this selection to find out more about the geography of Texas. The Geography of Texas Where Is Texas? Geography is the study of the earth and the relationship between people Oklahoma New Mexico and the earth. Location, or the position of a place, is Texas part of geography. Relative location is the position of a place as compared to other places. Mexico For example, Texas is located near the Gulf of Mexico. Texas is located in the southern part of the United States. It also borders the country of Mexico. The location of Texas has influenced its history. Geography helps us understand places and the events that have occurred there. It helps us understand why people live where they do. We learn how people interact with their, or natural world. Arkansas Louisiana Gulf of Mexico Texas shares borders with four other states New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. 4 The Geography of Texas
Four Regions of Texas Geography includes the study of s. A is an area that has one or more characteristics in common. Texas has four major s. The largest is the Coastal Plains. The has flat land and a good supply of water. The Coastal Plains is the most populated of Texas. El Paso Amarillo Mountains and Basins Great Plains North Central Plains Coastal Plains San Antonio Fort Worth Austin Corpus Christi Dallas Waco Houston Landforms and Natural Resources Landforms, features of Earth s surface, are part of geography. Texas has many different landforms. They include mountains, plains, s, and s. A is a high, flat landform. An is a long, steep cliff. Texas also has many natural resources. The rich along the Rio Grande is important to farming. Alluvial soil is soil that has been deposited from moving river water. Aquifers provide much of the state s water supply. An is an underground water source. One of the state s most important resources is. Petroleum is a mineral resource that is made into oil. Texas is divided into four s. In the North Central Plains, farmers grow peanuts, pecans, and peaches. There are also large cattle ranches in this. West of the North Central Plains is the Great Plains. Drought is often a problem here. Drought is a long period with little or no rain. The driest in Texas, however, is the Mountains and Basins. It is mostly a desert area. Water pumped from s irrigates farms and provides water for cities. My Social Studies Vocabulary Go to page 94 to list other words you have learned about xxxxxxxxx. the geography of Texas. The Geography of Texas 5
geography A. Circle the word that best answers each question. 1. I am the study of the earth and the relationship between people and the earth. What am I? geography 2. I am an underground water reservoir. What am I? 3. I am an area that has one or more characteristics in common. What am I? geography 4. I am a long period of little or no rain. What am I? 5. I am the position of a place as compared to other places. What am I? absolute location 6. I am the natural world. What am I? geography 7. I am a long, steep cliff. What am I? 8. I am soil that has been deposited by moving river water. What am I? 9. I am a mineral resource that is made into oil. What am I? 10. I am a high, flat landform. What am I? 6 The Geography of Texas
geography B. Circle the word that makes sense in each sentence. Then write the word. 1. The (, ) of the Coastal Plains along the gulf gives the a mild climate. 2. A long period of little or no rain is called a (, ). 3. Many useful products are made from (, ). 4. Understanding the location of a place is part of the study of (, geography). 5. People are attracted to the (, ) of the Coastal Plains because of the mild climate. 6. The rich (, ) along the Rio Grande is good for farming. 7. One of the common characteristics in the (geography, ) of the Mountains and Basins is the dry climate. 8. Cutting across Texas is a landform called an (, ), which is a long, steep cliff. 9. Small trees and brush grow on a (, ), which is a high, flat landform. 10. To irrigate farm land, water is pumped up from an underground reservoir called an (, ). WORD ROOT The word is formed by the Latin words aqua, meaning water, and ferre, meaning carry. The Geography of Texas 7
geography C. Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence. 1. Flat land and a good water supply make the good for farming and ranching. 2. Texans get much of their water from an underground reservoir called an. 3. A part of Texas known as the Hill Country is a, or high, flat landform. 4. The mineral resource of is valuable to Texas because it is made into oil. 5. A long, steep cliff called an is one of the many different landforms in Texas. 6. In the dry Great Plains of Texas, is often a problem. 7. The of Texas along the border of Mexico has influenced the state s history. 8. We can learn about why people live where they do by studying. 9. Huge areas of the state can be used for farming because of rich that has been deposited from river water. 10. How people interact with their natural world, or, can be influenced by many things. 8 The Geography of Texas
geography D. Use each word in a sentence that shows you understand the meaning of the word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. geography Write! Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper. Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing. Imagine you are a tourist visiting Texas. Write a postcard to a friend describing the geography of Texas. The Geography of Texas 9