Responding to Horticulture Inquiries Weeds/Invasive plants Dutchman s breeches battling garlic mustard Extended fall growing season Mark Renz mrenz@wisc.edu fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci WEATHER DRIVES PLANT POPULATION DEVELOPMENT What species do well when we have extended fall? Perennial species that continue to grow until a hard freeze Lawns: Creeping charlie Pastures/grasslands: Canada thistle Forests/natural areas: Buckthorn/honeysuckle Biennials Burdock, wild parsnip, garlic mustard Winter Annuals (if we get september precip.) Chickweed, Shepard's purse What about Precipitation? Ample in fall Above average in spring 1
5/2/2017 Which winter annuals to look for? Chickweed Identification 11 species present in WI, some difficult to differentiate Opposite, small leaves Emerges in cool weather Creates mats of plants Shepherd s purse Plants have mostly rosette leaves Leaves lobed Stem is elongated stalk with few leaves Shepherd s purse Flowers have four white petals Seed pod small; triangular shape Like a true shepherd s purse Field pennycress Entire plant has odor of garlic Leaves with wavy margins Leaves have ear-like lobes that clasp stem on upper leaves Field pennycress Flowers have four white petals Seed pods size of dime, notched on the top 2
Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) How many have heard about superweeds? More competitive Increased risk for herbicide resistance Multiple herbicides Pigweeds are of greatest concern Palmer amaranth waterhemp Horseweed/Marestail Pigweed species (Amaranthus) found in Wisconsin 13 species, 6 of agricultural importance 1. Red root pigweed (60 counties # ) 2. Smooth pigweed (14 counties # ) 3. Prostrate pigweed (48 counties # ) 4. Powell s amaranth (34 counties # ) 5. Common/tall waterhemp (50 counties) 6. Palmer Amaranth (4 counties) # herbarium reports used to determine presence Added to herbarium reports from knowledge from credible sources All Pigweeds have notches in tips of young leaves Typical start to 2017! 3
Start with the stem when differentiating pigweeds. Hairy: redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, Powell amaranth Pigweed id Smooth: waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, spiny amaranth Palmer, waterhemp, redroot Palmer vs Waterhemp Seed heads can be used for identification later in the season. Waterhemp: Thin, wiry seed heads Palmer: Long terminal seed heads Both have notched leaves at seedling stage Subtle but important differences in leaf morphology Waterhemp: leaf is longer; petiole shorter than leaf Palmer: leaf is more rounded or egg-shaped; petiole generally longer than leaf Summary of Pigweed ID Step 1: smooth or hairy stems If smooth Palmer or waterhemp or spiny amaranth If ANY hairs, redroot or smooth (others) Step 2 petiole longer than leaf If yes PALMER confirm by leaf shape (more rounded) and inflorescence, long with one main stem> 1 ft long when mature If no waterhemp Confirm by leaf shape (narrow) and twice divide inflorescences (each inches long) 4
Few hairs Will be developing outreach material and will be asking for you to report pigweed species this summer! diecous diecous What is the distribution in Wisconsin of these two species? WI herbarium results + other credible reports Palmer Amaranth D. Stoltenberg, D Hammer, N Drewitz Waterhemp Resources UWEX will point you to for weed identification GENERAL RESOURCES Weed ID Website: http://weedid.wisc.edu Weeds of the Northeast (book) Weeds of Ontario (book) INVASIVE PLANTS DNR NR40 Guide (field guide) Invasive Plant videos (my website/youtube) Invasive plant factsheets (learning store/my website) Actively surveyed for new populations in 2016! Statewide we did not observe an increase in the presence of waterhemp or Palmer in Wisconsin Invasive plants Wild Chervil Waterhemp: 5.0 % of fields statewide 10% in the following counties Northcentral counties: Clark, Marathon Northwest counties: Polk, Barron Central counties: Portage, Adams Southcentral counties: Columbia, Dane, Jefferson, Dodge Populations of Palmer amaranth continue to be extremely rare (<1%) Proactive monitoring will be needed to detect 5
What is an invasive species? 4 main points URL: WIFDN INVASIVE SPECIES INTRO http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/nr/001/40.pdf What is the legal definition of an invasive species? NR 40, WI DNR (2009): A nonnative species including hybrids, cultivars, subspecific taxa, and genetically modified variants whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/nr/001/40.pdf What is an invasive plant? A non native plant that causes economic, environmental impact to WI or harm to human health We have an invasive species rule that regulates invasive species (NR:40) Updated (May 2015) Over 130 plants regulated to some degree How WI DNR regulates Prohibited Control required Illegal to knowingly spread Restricted Control encouraged Illegal to knowingly spread Split listed Category changes depending on location in state Are all non native species invasive? Estimated 1% of introduced species become invasive (Groves 1986) A few bad actors How many are regulated? 68 prohibited species Yellow star thistle Kudzu (not in WI) 63 restricted species Wild parsnip Common buckthorn Garlic mustard 14 split listed Hill mustard Eurasian marsh thistle 6
SOME ornamental are invasive Japanese Barberry in WI Natural Area HOW TO GET THE (FREE!) APP iphone and ipad: Go to the App Store and search for landscape alternatives Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com. bugwood.landscapealternatives OR search for Bugwood Android apps in your web browser INFORMING CONSUMERS ABOUT BETTER CHOICES INVASIVE ORNAMENTALS IN WI Common Name Common Name Buckthorn spp. Crown vetch Honeysuckle spp (several) Purple loosestrife Autumn olive Japanese knotweed Black locust Yellow iris Japanese barberry Lilly of the valley Multiflora rose Orange daylillys Oriental bittersweet White poplar Dame's rocket Common Periwinkle Phragmites Tree of heaven Reed canarygrass Burning bush SMART PHONE APPLICATION Benefits Reach more people Provide more information than brochure Product that s with you at all times Apple & Android versions now available Citizen Science to Detect Invasive Species Anne Pearce anne.pearce@wisc.edu; 608 262 9570 fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn Wisconsin First Detector Network 7
What is WIFDN? Statewide citizen science network Provide educational resources Support volunteer opportunities But which species do I report? Over 100 regulated invasive plants in WI More are not listed Invasions can be specific to areas of Wisconsin. Creating resources to assist in prioritizing which species to REPORT! Search for: Priority Invasive Plant Lists in Wisconsin Education and Training Website resources fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn In person workshops Annual webinar series (Fridays, noon 1:30 pm) March 17 th : What to Look for in 2017 April 7 th : Passengers vs. Drivers April 21 st : Take Action! Control Efforts in Wisconsin May 5 th : Citizen Science + Volunteer Opportunities The Process of Creating a Priority Species List Percent of county deemed suitable habitat Priority LIST(top species) vs High Priority LIST (top species with limited presence points) Register at fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn 2016 Efforts ArcGIS Story Map 542 webinar + workshop participants 2978 volunteer hours 1800 invasive species reports WIFDN volunteers work across the state 8
We create predictive models for habitat that CAN be invaded from reports! Leafy spurge predictive map Report new infestations Several options on how to report 1. Contact me, DNR staff, county agent 2. Submit observation via the Great Lakes Early Detection Network/WIFDN Visit fyi.uwex/edu/wifdn for training info on how to report Website Smartphone app (free) Join now and help inform us about the potential future spread of new invaders! We are asking for your help!!!!! Thank you! fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci mrenz@wisc.edu 9