Matter What is Matter? Examples: Everything in the universe is made up f matter Hw atms are frm the The States f Matter There are main states f matter Slids Liquids Gases What causes the different States f Matter? The a substance has, If a substance has _ Phase Change When a substance is heated Change f State Transitin Example Vaprizatin (fast) (slw) - is the temperature where the transitin happens Melting ice Melting candle wax Biling water Clthes drying utside Dry Ice, Slid Idine (dem) 1
When a substance is cled Change f State Transitin Example - Transitin happens at the Clud frmatin Dew frmatin Slidificatin ( ) - Transitin happens at the Making ice cubes Water vapur frming frst What happens t the atms during a change f state? Ging frm slid t liquid t gas Mre energy given Mre particles mve Ging frm gas t liquid t slid Mre energy remved Less particles mve Prperties f Matter There are tw key categries: and Nn-Characteristic Prperties f Matter There exist lts f nn-characteristic prperties Key nn-characteristic prperties: 2
Mass Definitin: The basic unit t measure mass in is. We can use ther units based n their relative size Size f bject Unit Example Extremely large bjects Tn (nt used a lt in ur class) Mass is measured with an Weight and mass are nt the same! Mass Weight amunt f n an bject Vlume Definitin: The basic unit t measure vlume in is. We can use ther units based n the type f substance Type f substance Unit Example Measuring Technique Regular slid small Eraser Regular slid - large Irregular slid Liquid Suitcase Rck, ring, etc. Water, juice, etc. See pg. 24 t 25 in wrkbk fr vlume measuring techniques Temperature Definitin: Temperature is ususally measured in with a is defined by is defined by **Mre particle mvement, mre energy in the substance, the higher the temperature 3
Acidity/Alkalinity Substance Acid Bases Neutral Substance ph value Taste Reactin t Litmus Paper Red litmus Blue litmus Red litmus Blue litmus Examples Vinegar, Citrus acid Sap, Windex (ammnia) Distilled water (water withut any trace minerals in it) ph scale Used t. Ges frm t. Each step increases by a factr f 10 Indicatrs There are multiple ways t figure ut if a substance is an acid, a base, r a neutral substance Litmus paper: tells yu if yu have. Nt hw strng r weak it is ph paper: tells yu the f yur substance Digital ph meter: digital instrument that tells yu the specific ph f yur substance Characteristic Prperties f Matter There exist fewer characteristic prperties than nn-characteristic prperties. Here are a few which we will discuss. (See pg 39 in wrkbk) Melting pint _ a substance ges frm t Biling pint _ a substance ges frm t Density Density Definitin: Describes the relatinship between an bject's mass and its size Equatin: Unit: (if it is a liquid) r (if it is a slid) 4
Calculating Density T calculate the density f a substance, yu need, measured using an, measured ding _ (regular slid) (irregular slid) r (liquid) Example: A 45g sample f metal has a vlume f 20cm 3. What is this metal's density? Example: A 35g sample f metal has a vlume f 15cm 3. What is this metal s density? Example: Yu have tw unknwn, clurless liquids. Liquid A has a mass f 31g and a vlume f 7.75mL. Liquid B has a mass f 84g and a vlume f 14mL. Is liquid A and B the same liquid? Density Practice 1. A student measures the mass f an 8 cm 3 blck f brwn sugar t be 12.9 g. What is the density f the brwn sugar? 5
2. A chef fills a 50-mL cntainer with 43.5 g f cking il. What is the density f the il? 3. A carver begins wrk n the fllwing blck f granite that weighs 2700 g. What is the density f the granite? 10 cm 20 cm 5 cm 4. A piece f PVC plumbing pipe displaces 60 ml when placed int a cntainer f water. If the pipe has a mass f 78g, what is the density f PVC? 5.Use yur density skills t find the identity f the fllwing mystery bjects. Table f Densities Minerals Metals Slid Marble Quartz Diamnd Cpper Gld Platinum Density 2.56 g/cm 3 2.64 g/cm 3 3.52 g/cm 3 8.92 g/cm 3 19.32 g/cm 3 21.4 g/cm 3 While digging in the backyard, yu find an ld cin. Its mass is 26.76 g and its vlume is 3 cm. Yu think yu have fund a diamnd. Its mass is 5.28 g and its vlume is 2cm3. What is the cin made f? What did yu find? 6