Math 6 Common Core Mathematics Prince George s County Public Schools 2014-2015 Course Code: Prerequisites: Successful completion of Math 5 Common Core This course begins the transition from the heavy emphasis on number and operations at the elementary school level towards a more formalized understanding of mathematics that will occur at the high school level. Students connect previous knowledge of multiplication, division, and fractions to ratios and proportional relationships; extend previous understanding of the number system and operations to fractions and negative numbers; apply and extend previous understandings of the number line to plot coordinate pairs on a Cartesian plane; formalize algebraic thinking into algebraic expressions and equations; apply their previous knowledge of geometry in real-world and mathematics situations; and begin to develop understanding of statistical variability and distributions. In all mathematics courses, the Mathematical Practice Standards apply throughout each course and, together with the content standards, prescribe that students experience mathematics as a coherent, useful, and logical subject that makes use of their ability to make sense of problem situations. INTRODUCTION: Typically in a Math class, to understand the majority of the information it is necessary to continuously practice your skills. This requires a tremendous amount of effort on the student s part. Each student should expect to dedicate 2-3 hours of studying for every hour in class. Some hints for success in a Math class include: attending class daily, asking questions in class, and thoroughly completing all homework problems with detailed solutions as soon as possible after each class session. INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION: Name: E-Mail: Planning: Phone: CLASS INFORMATION: COURSE NUMBER: CLASS MEETS: ROOM: TEXT: Big Ideas (Green), Holt McDougal
GRADING: Middle School Mathematics Overview: The goal of grading and reporting is to provide the students with feedback that reflects their progress towards the mastery of the content standards found in the Math 8 Common Core Curriculum Framework Progress Guide. Factors Classwork Homework Assessment Brief Description This includes all work completed in the classroom setting. Including: Group participation Notebooks Vocabulary Written responses Group discussions Active participation in math projects Completion of assignments This includes all work completed outside of the classroom and student s preparation for class (materials, supplies, etc.) Assignments can included, but not limited to: Problem of the Week Performance Tasks This category entails both traditional and alternative methods of assessing student learning: Group discussions Performance Tasks Problem Based Assessments Exams Quizzes Research/Unit Projects Portfolios Oral Presentations Surveys An instructional rubric should be created to outline the criteria for success for each alternative assessment. Your grade will be determined using the following scale: 90% - 100% A 80% - 89% B 70% - 79% C 60% - 69% D 59% and below E Grade Percentage Per Quarter 30% 20% 50%
Math 6 Common Core Curriculum Map 1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 4. Model with mathematics. Unit 1 The Number System Multi-digit computation and finding common factors and multiples. 6.NS.2. Fluently divide multi-digit numbers using the standard algorithm. 6.NS.3. Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation. 6.NS.4. Find the greatest common factor of two whole numbers less than or equal to 100 and the least common multiple of two whole numbers less than or equal to 12. Use the distributive property to express a sum of two whole numbers 1 100 with a common factor as a multiple of a sum of two whole numbers with no common factor. Dividing Fractions. 6.NS.1. Interpret and compute quotients of fractions, and solve word problems involving division of fractions by fractions, e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem. Standards for Mathematical Practices Quarters 1 & 2 5. Use appropriate tools strategically. 6. Attend to precision. 7. Look for and make use of structure. 8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Unit 2 Ratio and Proportional Reasoning Ratios. 6.RP.1. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. 6.RP.2. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. 6.NS.3. Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation. Ratio and unit rates. 6.RP.3. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. 3a: Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole-number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios.
Unit 1 The Number System Extending the number system. 6.NS.5. Understand that positive and negative numbers are used together to describe quantities having opposite directions or values (e.g., temperature above/below zero, elevation above/below sea level, credits/debits, positive/negative electric charge); use positive and negative numbers to represent quantities in real-world contexts, explaining the meaning of 0 in each situation. 6.NS.6. Understand a rational number as a point on the number line. Extend number line diagrams and coordinate axes familiar from previous grades to represent points on the line and in the plane with negative number coordinates. 6a: Recognize opposite signs of numbers as indicating locations on opposite sides of 0 on the number line; recognize that the opposite of the opposite of a number is the number itself, e.g., -(-3) = 3, and that 0 is its own opposite. 6.NS.7. Understand ordering and absolute value of rational numbers. 7a: Interprets statements of inequality as statements about the relative position of two numbers on a number line diagram. For example, interpret 3 > 7 as a statement that 3 is located to the right of 7 on a number line oriented from left to right. 7b: Write, interpret, and explain statements of order for rational numbers in realworld contexts. Unit 2 Ratio and Proportional Reasoning 3b: Solve unit rate problems including those involving unit pricing and constant speed. For example, if it took 7 hours to mow 4 lawns, then at that rate, how many lawns could be mowed in 35 hours? At what rate were lawns being mowed? 6.NS.3. Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation. 6.RP.3. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations Percents and representing relationships. 3c: Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); solve problems involving finding the whole, given a part and the percent. 3d: Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities. 6.NS.3. Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation.
Unit 1 The Number System 7c: Understand the absolute value of a rational number as its distance from 0 on the number line; interpret absolute value as magnitude for a positive or negative quantity in a real-world situation. Unit 2 Ratio and Proportional Reasoning 7d: Distinguish comparisons of absolute value from statements about order. Relationships in the coordinate plane. 6.NS.6. Understand a rational number as a point on the number line. Extend number line diagrams and coordinate axes familiar from previous grades to represent points on the line and in the plane with negative number coordinates. 6b: Understand signs of numbers in ordered pairs as indicating locations in quadrants of the coordinate plane; recognize that when two ordered pairs differ only by signs, the locations of the points are related by reflections across one or both axes. 6c: Find and position integers and other rational numbers on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram; find and position pairs of integers and other rational numbers on a coordinate plane. 6.NS.8. Solve real-world and mathematical problems by graphing points in all four quadrants of the coordinate plane. Include use of coordinates and absolute value to find distances between points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate. 6.G.3. Draw polygons in the coordinate plane given coordinates for the vertices; use coordinates to find the length of a side joining points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems Honors Extended Standards 7.NS.1. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram. a. Describe situations in which opposite quantities combine to make 0. For example, a hydrogen atom has 0 charge because its two constituents are 7.RP.1. Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions, including ratios of lengths, areas and other quantities measured in like or different units. For example, if a person walks ½ mile in each ¼ hour, compute the unit rate as the complex fraction ½/¼ miles per hour, equivalently 2 miles per hour.
oppositely charged. b. Understand p + q as the number located a distance q from p, in the positive or negative direction depending on whether q is positive or negative. Show that a number and its opposite have a sum of 0 (are additive inverses). Interpret sums of rational numbers by describing real-world contexts. c. Understand subtraction of rational numbers as adding the additive inverse, p q = p + ( q). Show that the distance between two rational numbers on the number line is the absolute value of their difference, and apply this principle in real-world contexts. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract rational numbers 7.RP.2. Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities. a. Decide whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship, e.g., by testing for equivalent ratios in a table or graphing on a coordinate plane and observing whether the graph is a straight line through the origin. b. Identify the constant of proportionality (unit rate) in tables, graphs, equations, diagrams, and verbal descriptions of proportional relationships. c. Represent proportional relationships by equations. For example, if total cost t is proportional to the number n of items purchased at a constant price p, the relationship between the total cost and the number of items can be expressed as = pn. Explain what a point (x, y) on the graph of a proportional relationship means in terms of the situation, with special attention to the points (0, 0) and (1, r) where r is the unit rate. t
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 4. Model with mathematics. Unit 3 Expression and Equations Algebraic expressions. Standards for Mathematical Practices Quarters 3 & 4 Unit 4 Geometry Problem Solving with area in 2-D shapes. 5. Use appropriate tools strategically. 6. Attend to precision. 7. Look for and make use of structure. 8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Unit 5 Statistics Understanding data distribution. 6.EE.1. Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents. 6.EE.2. Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. 2a: Write expressions that record operations with numbers and with letters standing for numbers. For example, express the calculation Subtract y from 5 as 5 y. 2b: Identify parts of an expression using mathematical terms (sum, term, product, factor, quotient, coefficient); view one or more parts of an expression as a single entity. For example, describe the expression 2(8+7) as a product of two factors; view (8+7) as both a single entity and a sum of two terms 2c: Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations). For example, use the formulas V=s 3 and A=6 s 2 to find the volume and surface area of a cube with sides of length s=1/2. 6.G.1. Find the area of right triangles, other triangles, special quadrilaterals, and polygons by composing into rectangles or decomposing into triangles and other shapes; apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems. 6.EE.2. Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. 2c: Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations). For example, use the formulas V=s 3 and A=6 s 2 to find the volume and surface area of a cube with sides of length s=1/2. 6.SP.1. Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers. 6.SP.2. Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape. 6.SP.3. Recognize that a measure of center for a numerical data set summarizes all of its values with a single number, while a measure of variation describes how its values vary with a single number. Analyzing Data. 6.SP.4. Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots. 6.SP.5. Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by: 5a: Reporting the number of observations. 5b: Describing the nature of the attribute under investigation, including how it was measured and its units of measurement.
Unit 3 Expression and Equations 6.EE.3. Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. 6.EE.4. Identify when two expressions are equivalent (i.e., when the two expressions name the same number regardless of which value is substituted into them). Understanding, writing, and solving equations and inequalities. 6.EE.5. Understand solving an equation or inequality as a process of answering a question: which values from a specified set, if any, make the equation or inequality true? Use substitution to determine whether a given number in a specified set makes an equation or inequality true. 6.EE.6. Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set. 6.EE.7. Solve real-world and mathematical problems by writing and solving equations of the form x + p = q and px = q for cases in which p, q and x are all nonnegative rational numbers. 6.EE.8. Write an inequality of the form x > c or x < c to represent a constraint or condition in a real-world or mathematical problem. Recognize that inequalities of the form x > c or x < c have infinitely many solutions; represent solutions of such inequalities on number line diagrams. Unit 4 Geometry Problem solving with volume and surface area. 6.G.2. Find the volume of a right rectangular prism with fractional edge lengths by packing it with unit cubes of the appropriate unit fraction edge lengths, and show that the volume is the same as would be found by multiplying the edge lengths of the prism. Apply the formulas V = l w h and V = b h to find volumes of right rectangular prisms with fractional edge lengths in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems. 6.G.4. Represent three-dimensional figures using nets made up of rectangles and triangles, and use the nets to find the surface area of these figures. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems. 6.EE.2. Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. 2c: Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations). For example, use the formulas V=s 3 and A=6 s 2 to find the volume and surface area of a cube with sides of length s=1/2. Unit 5 Statistics 5c: Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered. 5d: Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered.
Unit 3 Expression and Equations Represent relationships between variables in realworld problems. 6.EE.9. Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation. 6.RP.3. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. 3a: Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole-number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios. 6.NS.3. Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation 6.EE.2. Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. Unit 4 Geometry Unit 5 Statistics
Unit 3 Expression and Equations 2c: Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations). For example, use the formulas V=s 3 and A=6 s 2 to find the volume and surface area of a cube with sides of length s=1/2. 7.EE.1. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions with rational coefficients. 7.EE.2. Understand that rewriting an expression in different forms in a problem context can shed light on the problem and how the quantities in it are related. For example, a + 0.05a = 1.05a means that increase by 5% is the same as multiply by 1.05. 7.EE.3. Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. For example: If a woman making $25 an hour gets a 10% raise, she will make an additional 1/10 of her salary an hour, or $2.50, for a new salary of $27.50. If you want to place a towel bar 9 3/4 inches long in the center of a door that is 27 1/2 inches wide, you will need to place the bar about 9 inches from each edge; this estimate can be used as a check on the exact computation. Unit 4 Geometry Honors Extended Standards 7.G.1. Solve problems involving scale drawings of geometric figures, such as computing actual lengths and areas from a scale drawing and reproducing a scale drawing at a different scale. 7.G.6. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, volume and surface area of two- and three-dimensional objects composed of triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, cubes, and right prisms. Unit 5 Statistics 7.SP.1. Understand that statistics can be used to gain information about a population by examining a sample of the population; generalizations about a population from a sample are valid only if the sample is representative of that population. Understand that random sampling tends to produce representative samples and support valid inferences. 7.SP.2. Use data from a random sample to draw inferences about a population with an unknown characteristic of interest. Generate multiple samples (or simulated samples) of the same size to gauge the variation in estimates or predictions. For example, estimate the mean word length in a book by randomly sampling words from the book; predict the winner of a school election based on randomly sampled survey data. Gauge how far off the estimate or prediction might be.