Name: KEY Unit 1 Review Vcabulary: Match the Definitin n the left with the term n the right. 1. A pssible explanatin fr an bservatin that can be tested. H 2. The same experiment is set up multiple times t test yur hypthesis. D 3. A single factr in the experiment. A 4. One grup in the experiment where n change is made. N 5. All variables in the experiment that are kept the same fr all test bjects. R 6. A variable that is cntrlled by the experimenter-the variable that yu change. O 7. The thing that is the result f the change that yu are measuring in an experiment. T 8. The use f science and technlgy t enfrce civil and criminal laws. S 9. Cases filed by a private party like a crpratin r an individual persn. B 10. Cases filed by the gvernment. L 11. Every cntact leaves a trace. E 12. Any and all bjects that can establish that a crime has r has nt been cmmitted r can link a crime and its victim r its perpetratr. U 13. A phtgraph that shws the entire area and all adjacent areas where imprtant acts ccurred. C 14. A phtgraph that shws the bject in relatin t the rest f the scene. J 15. A phtgraph used t recrd details f an bject. Q 16. A phtgraph used t shw the relative size f an bject. F 17. The initial sketch f a scene that shws accurate dimensins f the scene and the lcatin f all imprtant bjects. I 18. A final sketch f the scene that shws the accurate dimensins f the scene and the lcatin f all imprtant bjects. M 19. A remark, statement r cmment based n smething ne has seen, heard, r nticed. G 20. Reprts frm individuals abut crime scene events. K 21. Ways the brain prcesses and dismisses envirnmental stimuli. P A. Variable B. Civil Law C. Overview Phtgraph D. Cntrlled Experiment E. Lcard s Exchange Principle F. Clse-Up Phtgraph with a Scale G. Observatin H. Hypthesis I. Rugh Sketch J. Medium-Range Phtgraph K. Eyewitness Accunts L. Criminal Law M. Finished Sketch N. Cntrl Grup O. Independent Variable P. Filters Q. Clse-Up Phtgraph R. Cnstant S. Frensic Science T. Dependent Variable U. Physical Evidence 1
Answer the fllwing questins: 22. In which part f the scientific methd d we use bservatins and backgrund knwledge t make a predictin abut what we think will happen in an experiment? Frmulate the hypthesis 23. In which part f the scientific methd d we lk at the data we have cllected and try t find a relatinship between the variables we tested? Analyze data 24. In which part f the scientific methd are the results tested by ther scientists in an attempt t duplicate the riginal findings? Share yur results/publicatin 25. Why des a well-designed experiment include a cntrl grup? T be able t cmpare the results and see if the experiment had an effect. 26. Identify the variables in the fllwing scenaris. Yu water three sunflwer plants with salt water. Each plant receives a different cncentratin f salt slutins. A furth plant receives pure water. After a tw week perid, the height f the plant is measured. Independent variable: Salt water cncentratin Dependent variable: Plant height Cnstants: Where planted, type f sil, amunt f sunlight, etc. Cntrl Grup: Pure water Yu decide t clean yur bathrm. Yu ntice that the shwer is cvered in a strange green slime. Yu try t get rid f this slime by using a bleach mixture. Yu spray half the shwer with the bleach mixture and half the shwer with water. Yu spray equal amunts 3 times a day fr 5 days. Independent variable: The type f slutin (Bleach mixture) Dependent variable: Hw much slime remains Cnstants: Hw many times sprayed a day, the amunt f use, etc. Cntrl Grup: Water 27. What is wrng with the fllwing experiment? I am testing the type f shamp (Pantene, Head & Shulders, and a generic brand). I have the persn with Pantene wash their hair twice a day, the persn with Head & Shulders wash three times a day and the persn with the generic brand wash nce a day. I have them use the same amunt f shamp each time the wash, the same amunt f water. Yu can t cmpare the data because there are tw different variables being tested- the number f times the air is washed and the type f shamp. 2
28. What are the steps fr entering and prcessing a crime scene? (there are 7 f them) Ensure yur wn safety. Secure and islate the crime scene. Recrd the scene (phtgraphy, sketches, ntes) Cnduct a systematic search fr evidence Cllect and package evidence. Maintain the chain f custdy. Submit evidence t the lab. 29. Fill in the fllwing table abut search methds. Search Methd Picture When it is Used Strip r Line Search When yu nly have a few peple searching ver a large area. Grid Search When yu have a huge area t search. Spiral Wheel/Ray When evidence has already been fund in the area and yu are lking fr mre. When yu wrk frm the center, ut alng an axis frm a specific pint. Quadrant r Zne When yu have a large number f peple searching an area r when yu have a large area t search. 30. What type f clthing d yu wear when cllecting evidence? Masks, glves, chemical-resistant clthing, she cverings, gggles r face shields. 31. Hw d yu cllect and package the fllwing types f evidence? Bilgical materials: wear glves, prtective eyewear and ther prper safety equipment. Bag each sample separately in a brwn paper bag. Clthes: individually flded with the evidence flded twards the inside f the garment. Each item shuld be placed in its wn brwn paper bag. 3
Sheets: Flded in n themselves s the evidence is in the inside f the material and then individually packaged in brwn paper bags. Bld in sil: Use a Q-tip that has been dipped in distilled water t pick up the bld and then packaged in a plastic cntainer with a sealed lid and immediately frzen. Yu d nt want it t be expsed t air. Sharp Objects: placed in a puncture resistant cntainer and labeled with a sharps warning. Hair and Fibers: Cllected and bagged separately in brwn paper bags. 32. What were the fllwing peple respnsible fr? Francis Galtn: develped fingerprints as a wat t uniquely identify individuals. Walter McCrne: develped and applied his micrscpe techniques t examine evidence. Hans Grss: wrte the first frensics textbk that applied all the different sciences t a criminal investigatin. Edmnd Lcard: started the first crime lab based n the idea that every cntact leaves a trace. Lene Lattes: develped the prcedure t determine bld type f a dried bld stain. 33. What are the minimum types f dcumentatin that shuld be dne when prcessing a crime scene? At a minimum, sketches and ntes shuld be dne t dcument a crime scene. 34. What types f infrmatin shuld be included in a crime scene sketch? Accurate dimensins f the rm and any furniture as well as evidence cllected, key denting lcatin f evidence, cmpass heading, details, details, details. 35. What types f infrmatin shuld be included in crime scene ntes? Details! Lcatin f physical evidence, time the evidence was discvered, wh the evidence was discvered by, hw it was cllected and wh did the cllecting, wh tk the evidence frm the scene. 36. Fill in the fllwing table abut memry. Type f Memry Definitin Example Sensry Memry All f the external stimuli frm the 5 senses is held fr mments and filtered ut uncnsciusly t nly pertinent stimuli. Shrt Term Memry Lng Term Memry 4-9 pieces f infrmatin that allws us t recall infrmatin fr shrt perids f time. This type f memry allws us t hld nt infrmatin fr very lng perids f time. Memries that are assciated with Hear ur name frm acrss the rm when cmpleting anther task. Remember infrmatin lng enugh t write it dwn. Phne numbers t dial, retrieve smething frm anther rm. Allws us t learn. 4
strng emtins tend t be mre permanently remembered. 37. What factrs can affect a persn s ability t make bservatins? Emtinal state, wh yu are with, type and amunt f activity, level f interest, stress, cncentratin, prejudices and persnal beliefs, mtives, lapse in time since the ccurrence. 38. What are sme ways yu can becme a better bserver? Observe systematically, turn ff filters, leave the final interpretatin f data until later, dcumentatin f the incidence. 5