ELEMENTS/COMPOUNDS/MIXTURES October 10, 2012
FLOWCHART OF MATTER use the back of these notes to copy the flowchart of matter
PURE SUBSTANCE - a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has a definite chemical and physical properties October 10, 2012
ELEMENT - A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. There are only 92 naturally occurring elements. October 10, 2012
METALS - elements that are shiny and are good conductors of heat and electric current. Example: Copper NONMETALS - elements that are dull and that are poor conductors of heat and electric current. Example: Sulfur METALLOIDS - elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Example: Silicon
October 10, 2012 COMPOUND - A substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined. Examples include Salt (NaCl) or Water (H2O)
HOW ARE ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS LIKE AN ALPHABET?
MIXTURE - A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Mixtures can be separated by physical means ie: filtration, sorting, magnets, etc. An example would be Koolaid
HOMOGENEOUS MATTER - Matter which APPEARS to have identical properties throughout. Example would include Salt Water. October 10, 2012
HETEROGENOUS MATTER- Matter which does not APPEAR to have identical properties throughout. An example would be Trail Mix October 10, 2012
SOLUTION - A very well mixed mixture of two or more substances that appears to be a single substance. Could be a solid, liquid or gas. A good example would be the air we breathe. October 10, 2012
SOLUTE - In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent. October 10, 2012
SOLVENT - in a solution, the substance in which the solute is dissolved. Water is considered the universal solvent because of its ability to dissolve many types of solutes. October 10, 2012
DISSOLVING - When solid particles meet liquid particles to form a solution. The rate at which a solid dissolves can be increased by: 1. Stirring 2. Using a smaller particle size 3. Increasing the temperature of the liquid
CONCENTRATION - the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore. SOLUBILITY - the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and volume. Usually expressed at 20ºC (room temperature) and 100mL. *If a substance cannot dissolve into another substance it is said to be INSOLUABLE
SATURATED - saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance UNSATURATED - the point at which a solution of a substance can still dissolve more solute into the substance.
WHAT ARE SOME SOLUTIONS THAT YOU CAN THINK OF?
SUSPENSIONS - A mixture in which has visible particles of a material that eventually settle out. An example would be a snowglobe or a muddy river. October 10, 2012
COLLOID - A mixture consisting of tiny particles that can be seen but never settle out. An example would be toothpaste October 10, 2012
CLASSIFY each of the following Examples: Mayonnaise Shaving Cream Toothpaste Water (H20) Italian salad dressing Gatorade Gold A block of wood
CATEGORY (C): DIFFERENT (D): SAME(S):
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: TOOTHPASTE JELLO SHAVING CREAM SALTWATER
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: SOLUTION SUSPENSION ELEMENT COLLOID
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: STIRRING INCREASING PARTICLE SIZE INCREASING THE TEMPERATURE OF SOLVENT DECREASING PARTICLE SIZE
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: HYDROGEN GOLD WATER OXYGEN
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: CORNSTARCH SUGAR BAKING SODA BAKING POWDER
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCE HOMOGENOUS MATTER ELEMENT
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: WATER CARBON DIOXIDE SODIUM SUGAR
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: CONCENTRATION INSOLUBLE COMPOUND DILUTE
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: SOLUTE SOLUBILITY SOLVENT SOLUTION
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHERS: WHITE C 6 H 12 O 6 SWEET TASTE POWDERY