Lab: s, s, & s, Oh My! Part A: s (5 points) 1. An element is a substance that cannot be or down into substances by or means. 2. What are the three Categories and their Properties? (pages 330-331) M good conductors of electricity & heat _ (luster) _ (hammered into sheets) _ (drawn into thin wires) Examples: Aluminum, Gold, Silver M possess properties of both metals and nonmetals (ductile but not shiny, etc) Usually look like a metal but behave chemically like a nonmetal Only 7; Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium N poor conductors (not shiny) (not malleable) Not ductile Examples: gases (Hydrogen, Helium, Oxygen, etc) & odd nongases (Sulfur, Carbon, Phosphorous). 3. Five elements are in sealed containers A-E. Do not open the containers. Write 3 OBSERVATIONS about each element. Decide what category it belongs in. The 5 elements are Copper, Magnesium, Nickel, Sulfur, & Zinc. Container A 3 Observations Physical Properties Category Metal, Nonmetal or Metalloid? Name Give your best guess! B C D E 4. How did you decide if an element was a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? 5. Name 6 additional elements:
Part B: s (1 point each) A compound is a substance made of or more elements that are chemically together. s may be into their constituent elements (the elements they re made of). The two method used to separate compounds are &. Materials: glass beaker, 2 double-ended sharp pencils, 2 black wires, 9-volt battery, Styrofoam plate Procedures: 1. Make sure each pencil is sharp at both ends. 2. Clean the large beaker and fill it with warm saltwater from your teacher. 3. Place the Styrofoam plate over the glass beaker. 4. Push the pencils into the Styrofoam plate, about 3 cm apart. Make sure the bottoms of the pencils are immersed in the salt water, but do not touch the bottom of the beaker. 5. Use a back electrical wire to connect the battery positive side (the anode ) to the black graphite (pencil "lead") top of pencil #1. 6. Use the other wire to connect the negative battery side (the cathode ) to the other pencil top. Use the diagram. 7. Watch what happens & record your observations below. 8. When finished, pour the salt water down the drain. Dry EVERYTHING. Observation Table Pencil #1 + Pencil #2 - Observations Analysis 1. Why do you think warm water used instead of cold water? 2. Why was salt added to the water? 3. Why did each pencil need to be sharpened at both ends? 4. Once the battery was connected to both pencils, did you observe any differences between the pencils? Explain what you saw & give one possible explanation for it. 5. Name 6 additional compounds:
Part C: s Materials: cup of trail mix, electronic balance Procedures 1. Do not eat the trail mix until you are totally done with this part. 2. Find the total mass of the mixture & plastic bag. Write the answer here: 3. Gently dump the trail mix onto a clean paper towel. 4. Find the mass of the plastic bag & write the answer here: 5. Find the mass of just the trail mix by subtracting the plastic bag s mass by the total mass. Record this amount in each box of the Mass of Whole column C on the data table. 6. What pats of the mixture are there? Write the name of each part in Column A. 7. Separate the parts of the mixture & find the mass of each part. Be sure to weigh everything, including teeny little bits. Write the mass of each part in the data table in Column B. 8. Calculate the % of Part, Column D, by using the following formula: Mass of Part (g) Mass of Whole (g) X 100 = % Data Table: (5 points) A B C D Components Mass of Part (g) Mass of Whole (g) % of Part Goldfish Analysis (2 points each) 1. Can this mixture be physically or chemically separated? Explain. 2. What are some other ways to physically separate a mixture? (page 91) 3. What did you learn about the composition of mixtures? Are the components of trail mix set in a definite ratio? 4. Name 6 additional mixtures:
Part D: Putting it All together with nuts & bolts (1 point each) Materials: Plastic bag full of 9 vials with nuts, bolts, washers and screws. 1. DO NOT OPEN THE VIALS. 2. Each vial represents an element compound, or mixture. Use the example to complete the following: a. DRAW the items in the vial, as shown in the examples. b. Decide if the substance is a representation of an element, compound or mixture & CIRCLE your choice. c. WRITE an explanation for your choice.
A B C D E F G H I All one type of atom Cannot be separated All one type of substance Attached/Bonded Set 1:1 ratio